Network Working Group S. Bradner Internet-Draft Harvard University Editor March 2003 IETF Rights in Submissions Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html Abstract The IETF policies about rights in submissions to the IETF are designed to ensure that IETF contributions can be made available to the IETF and Internet communities while permitting the authors to retain as many rights in the document as possible. This memo details the IETF policies on rights in submissions to the IETF. It also describes the objectives that the policies are designed to meet. This memo updates RFC 2026, and with RFC XXXY, replaces Section 10 of RFC 2026. [note to RFC editor: replace XXXY with number of IETF IPR] Copyright (C) The Internet Society. (2003) 1. Introduction Under the laws of most countries and current international treaties (for example the "Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Work" [Berne]), authors obtain numerous rights in the works they produce automatically upon producing them. These rights include copyrights, moral rights and other rights. In many cases, if the Bradner [Page 1] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 author produces a work within the scope of his or her employment, most of those rights are usually assigned to the employer, either by operation of law or, in many cases, under contract. (The Berne Convention names some rights as "inalienable", which means that the author retains them in all cases.) In order for works to be used within the IETF process, certain limited rights in all Contributions must be granted to the IETF and Internet Society (ISOC). In addition, Contributors must make representations to IETF and ISOC regarding their ability to grant these rights. These necessary rights and representations have until now been laid out in Section 10 of [RFC 2026]. In the years since [RFC 2026] was published there have been a number of times when the exact intent of Section 10 has been the subject of vigorous debate within the IETF community. The aim of this document is to clarify various ambiguities in Section 10 of [RFC 2026] that led to these debates and to amplify the policy in order to clarify what the IETF is currently doing. Sections 2 and 3 of this document address the rights in submissions to the IETF previously covered by Section 10 of [RFC 2026] and the "Note Well" explanatory text presented at many IETF activities. Section 4 gives definitions used in describing these policies. Sections 5, 6 and 7 then explain the rationale for these provisions, including some of the clarifications that have become understood since the adoption of [RFC 2026]. The rules and procedures set out in this document are not intended to substantially modify or alter the IETF's current policy toward Contributions made to the IETF. A companion document [IETF IPR] will deal with rights in technologies developed or specified as part of the IETF process. This document is not intended to address those issues. The rights addressed in this document fall into the following categories: o rights to make use of contributed material o copyrights in IETF documents o rights to produce derivative works o rights to use trademarks This document is not intended as legal advice. Readers are advised to consult their own legal advisors if they would like a legal interpretation of their rights or the rights of the IETF in any Contributions they make. Bradner [Page 2] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 2. Rights in IETF Submissions 2.1. General Policy In all matters of copyright and document procedures, the intent is to benefit the Internet community and the public at large, while respecting the legitimate rights of others. 2.2 Confidentiality Obligations No Contribution that is subject to any requirement of confidentiality or any restriction on its dissemination may be considered in any part of the IETF Standards Process, and there must be no assumption of any confidentiality obligation with respect to any such Contribution. Each Contributor agrees that any statement in a Contribution, whether generated automatically or otherwise, that states or implies that the Contribution is confidential or subject to any privilege, can be disregarded for all purposes, and will be of no force or effect. 2.3. Granting of Rights and Permissions By submission of a Contribution, each person actually submitting the Contribution, and each named co-contributor, is deemed to agree to the following terms and conditions, and to grant the following rights, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of the organization the contributor represents or is sponsored by (if any) when submitting the Contribution. a. To the extent that the Contribution or any portion thereof is protected by copyright and other rights of authorship, the Contributor, and each named co-contributor, and the organization he or she represents or is sponsored by (if any) grant a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide right and license to the ISOC and the IETF under all intellectual property rights in the Contribution: (A) to copy, publish, display and distribute the contribution as part of the IETF standards process, (B) unless explicitly disallowed in the written terms of the Contribution [pursuant to one of the notices contained in Section 3.3 below], to prepare derivative works that are based on or incorporate all or part of the Contribution within the IETF standards process, the license to such derivative works to be of a scope no wider than the license to the original Contribution, and (C) to reproduce any trademarks, service marks or trade names Bradner [Page 3] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 which are included in the Contribution solely in connection with the reproduction, distribution or publication of the Contribution and derivative works thereof as permitted by this paragraph. When reproducing Contributions, the IETF will preserve trademark and service mark identifiers in the format used by the Contributor of the contribution, including (tm) and (r) where appropriate. b. The Contributor grants the IETF and ISOC permission to reference the name(s) and address(es) of the contributor(s) and of the organization(s) s/he represents or is sponsored by (if any). c. Every copy of an IETF document made pursuant to the licenses granted under paragraph (a)(A) above, and all derivative works made pursuant to the licenses granted under paragraph (a)(B) above, must include, in unaltered form, the notices included in such Contribution pursuant to Section 3 below. 2.4 Representations and Warranties. With respect to each Contribution, each Contributor represents that to the best of his or her knowledge and ability: a. The contribution properly acknowledges all major Contributors. A major Contributor is any person who has materially or substantially contributed to the Contribution. b. No information in the Contribution is confidential and the IETF, ISOC, and its affiliated organizations may freely disclose any information in the Contribution. c. There are no limits to the Contributor's ability to make the grants, acknowledgments and agreements herein that are reasonably and personally known to the Contributor. d. The Contributor has not intentionally included in the Contribution any material which is defamatory or untrue or which is illegal under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Contributor has his or her principal place of business or residence. e. All trademarks, trade names, service marks and other proprietary names used in the Contribution and personally and reasonably known to the Contributor are clearly designated as such where reasonable. 2.5 The Contributor, and each named co-contributor, acknowledges that the IETF has no duty to publish or otherwise use or disseminate any Contribution. The IETF reserves the right to withdraw or cease using Bradner [Page 4] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 any Contribution that does not comply with the requirements of Sections 2.3 and 2.4 above. 2.6 Contributors, and each named co-contributor, who claim trademark rights to terms in their contributions are requested to specifically state what conditions apply to implementers of the technology relative to the use of any claimed trademarks. Such statements should be submitted in the same way as is done for other intellectual property claims. (See [IETF IPR] sec 6.) 3. Copyright notice required in IETF Documents The IETF requires that a copyright notice and disclaimer be reproduced verbatim in all IETF Documents. This requirement protects IETF and its participants from liabilities connected with these documents. The copyright notice also alerts readers that the document is an IETF document, and that ISOC claims copyright rights in certain aspects of the document, such as its layout, the RFC numbering convention and the prefatory language of the document. This legend is not intended to imply that ISOC has obtained ownership of the contribution itself, which is retained by the author(s) or remains in the public domain, as applicable. Additional copyright notices are not permitted in IETF documents except in the case where the document is the product of a joint development effort between the IETF and another standards development organization. Such exceptions must be approved on an individual basis by the IAB. 3.1 Copyright notice and disclaimer One of the following two copyright notice and disclaimers shall be included at the end of all IETF documents. 3.1.1 Notice for documents where the right to produce derivative works has not been withheld. (See sec 5.3 for a discussion on derivative works.) "Copyright (C) The Internet Society (year). Except as set forth below, authors retain all their rights. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are Bradner [Page 5] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for rights in submissions defined in the IETF Standards Process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/S HE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." 3.1.2 Notice for documents where the right to produce derivative works has been withheld. (See sec 5.3 for a discussion on derivative works.) "Copyright (C) The Internet Society (year). Except as set forth below, authors retain all their rights. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/S HE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." 3.2 Notices re. Derivative Works and publication rights. Bradner [Page 6] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 In addition to the foregoing, each IETF Internet-Draft must contain one of the following three notices regarding derivative works and publication rights on it's first page: (See sec 5.3 for a discussion on derivative works.) a. This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of section 2 of RFC XXXX. By submitting this Internet- Draft, I certify that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been disclosed in accordance with RFC XXXY. b. This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of Section 2 of RFC XXXX except that the right to prepare revised versions of this specification is not granted. By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been disclosed in accordance with RFC XXXY. c. This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of Section 2 RFC XXXX, but the author does not provide the IETF with any rights other than to publish as an Internet- Draft. By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been disclosed in accordance with RFC XXXY. [note to the RFC Editor - XXXX above to be replaced with the number of this document and XXXY to be replaced the number of [IETF-IPR]] The first statement is required for all documents that are submitted for Standards Track publication. The primary motivation is that the IETF retains change control, thus permitting augmenting the original document to clarify or enhance the protocol defined by the document. The second statement is used when "republishing" standards produced by other (non-IETF) standards organizations, industry consortia or individual companies. These are typically published as Informational RFCs, and do not require that change control be ceded to the IETF. Basically, these documents convey information for the Internet community. The third statement is used when the document's purpose is to provide background information to educate and to facilitate discussions within IETF groups and the document is not intended to be published as an RFC. 4. Definitions "Contribution": in the context of this memo, a contribution to the IETF Bradner [Page 7] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 is any submission intended by the contributor for publication as an Internet-Draft or RFC and any statements made within the context of an IETF process. Such statements include oral statements in IETF meetings, as well as written and electronic communications made at any time or place, which are addressed to o the IETF plenary session, o any IETF working group or portion thereof, o the IESG, or any member thereof on behalf of the IESG, o the IAB or any member thereof on behalf of the IAB, o any IETF mailing list, including the IETF list itself, any working group or design team list, or any other list functioning under IETF auspices, o the RFC Editor or the Internet-Drafts function Statements made outside of an IETF meeting, mailing list or other function, that are clearly not intended to be input to an IETF activity, group or function, are not contributions in the context of this memo. "IETF Standards Process": the activities undertaken by the IETF in any of the settings described in 4 above. "Contributors": individuals submitting Contributions "IETF Documents": RFCs and Internet-Drafts. "RFC": the basic publication series for the IETF. RFCs are published by the RFC Editor and once published are never modified. (See [RFC 2026] sec 2.1) "Internet-Draft": temporary documents used in the IETF process. Internet-Drafts are published by the IETF Secretariat and have a nominal maximum lifetime in the Secretariat's public directory of 6 months, after which they are removed. Since Internet-Drafts are archived many places on the Internet there is no effective limit on their actual lifetime. Internet-Drafts that are under active consideration by the IESG are not removed from the Secretariat's public directory until that consideration is complete. In addition, the author of an Internet-Draft can request that the lifetime in the Secretariat's public directory be extended before the expiration. (See [RFC 2026] sections 2.2 and 8) "IETF": In the context of this document, the IETF includes all individuals who participate in meetings, working groups, mailing lists, functions and other activities which are organized or initiated by ISOC, the IESG or the IAB under the general designation of the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF, but solely to the extent of such participation. Bradner [Page 8] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 "Reasonably and personally known": should be read to refer to something the individual knows personally or, because of the job the individual holds, would reasonably be expected to know. 5. Exposition of why these procedures are the way they are 5.1 Rights Granted in Contributions The IETF/ISOC must obtain the right to publish a Contribution as an RFC or an Internet-Draft from the Contributors. A primary objective of this policy is to obtain from the document authors only the non-exclusive rights that are needed to develop and publish IETF documents and to use the Contributions in the IETF standards process while leaving all other rights with the authors. The non-exclusive rights that the IETF needs are: a. the right to publish the document b. the right to let the document be freely reproduced in the formats that the IETF publishes it in c. the right to let third parties translate it into languages other than English d. except where explicitly excluded (see sec 3.2), the right to make derivative works within the IETF process. The authors retain all other rights, but cannot withdraw the above rights from the IETF/ISOC. 5.2 Rights to use Contributed Material Because, under the laws of most countries and applicable international treaties, copyright rights come into existence whenever a work of authorship is created (but see Section 6 below regarding public domain documents), and IETF cannot make use of Contributions if it does not have sufficient rights with respect to these copyright rights, it is important that the IETF receive assurances from all Contributors that they have the authority to grant the IETF the rights that they claim to grant. Without this assurance, IETF and its participants would run a greater risk of liability to the owners of these rights. To this end, IETF asks Contributors to give the assurances in Section 2.4 above. These assurances are requested, however, only to the extent of the Contributor's reasonable and personal knowledge. (See Section 4.) Bradner [Page 9] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 5.3 Right to produce derivative works The IETF needs to be able to evolve its documents in response to experience gained in the deployment of the technologies described in the documents, to incorporate developments in research and to react to changing conditions on the Internet and other IP networks. In order to do this the IETF must be able to produce derivatives of its documents; thus the IETF must obtain the right from Contributors to produce derivative works. Note though that the IETF only requires this right for the production of derivative works within the IETF standards process. The IETF does not need, nor does it obtain, the right to let derivative works be created outside of the IETF process. The right to produce derivative works is required for all IETF standards track documents and for most non-standards track documents. There are two exceptions to this requirement: documents describing proprietary technologies and documents that are republications of the work of other standards organizations. The right to produce derivative works must be granted (i.e., an Internet-Draft must be published with boilerplate "a" from sec 3.2) before an IETF working group can accept a document as a working group document or otherwise work on it. Note: a working group can discuss any Internet-Draft with the aim to decide if it should become a working group document, whether or not the right to produce derivative works has been yet granted. For independent submissions, the right to produce derivative works must be granted for all standards track documents before the IESG will issue an IETF Last- Call and, for most non-standards track documents, before the IESG will consider the Internet-Draft for publication. The IETF has historically encouraged organizations to publish details of their technologies, even where the technologies are proprietary ones, because understanding how existing technology is being used helps when developing new technology. But organizations that publish information about proprietary technologies are frequently not willing to have the IETF produce revisions of the technologies and then claim that the IETF version is the "new version" of the organization's technology. Organizations which feel this way can specify that the document can be published following the other provisions of this section but withhold the right to produce derivative works. In addition, IETF documents frequently make normative references to standards or recommendations developed by other standards organizations. Since the publications of some standards organizations are not public documents it can be quite helpful to the IETF to republish, with the permission of the other standards organization, some of these documents as IETF documents so that the Bradner [Page 10] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 IETF community can have open access to them to better understand what they are referring to. In these cases the IETF documents can be published without the right for the IETF to produce derivative works. In both of the above cases in which the production of derivative works is excluded, the Contributor must include a special legend in the Contribution, as specified in section 3.2, in order to notify IETF participants about this restriction. 5.4 Rights to use trademarks Contributors may wish to seek trademark or service mark protection on any terms that are coined or used in their Contributions. IETF makes no judgment about the validity of any such trademark rights. However, the IETF requires each Contributor, under the licenses described in Section 2.3.a above, to grant IETF a perpetual license to use any such trademarks or service marks solely in exercising its rights to reproduce, publish and modify the Contribution. This license does not authorize any IETF participant to use any trademark or service mark in connection with any product or service offering, but only in the context of IETF documents and discussions. 5.5 Who does this apply to? Rights and licenses granted to the IETF are granted to all individuals noted in section 4, irrespective of their employment or institutional affiliation. However, these licenses do not extend broadly to the employers, sponsors or institutions of such individuals, nor do they authorize the individuals to exercise any rights outside the specific context of the IETF standards process. 6. Contributions Not Subject to Copyright Certain documents, including those produced by the U.S. government and those which are in the public domain, may not be protected by the same copyright and other legal rights as other documents. Nevertheless, we ask each Contributor to grant to the IETF the same rights as he or she would grant, and to make the same representations, as though the Contribution were a proprietary document. We ask for these grants and representations only to the extent that the Contribution may be protected. We believe they are necessary to protect the IETF, the standards process and all IETF participants, and also because the IETF does not have the resources or wherewithal to make any independent investigation as to the actual proprietary status of any document submitted to it. Bradner [Page 11] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 7. Inclusion of legal notice Section three above defines a copyright notice to be included on IETF documents and in derivative works. The full copyright notice does not need to be included in some specific types of derivative works. a/ in MIBs, PIBs and similar material commonly extracted from IETF documents, the following copyright notice should be included in the body of the material that will be extracted "Copyright (C) The Internet Society. This version of this MIB module is part of RFC xxxx; see the RFC itself for the full legal notices." (Substitute "PIB" for "MIB" in the statement for PIBs.) In the case of MIBs and PIBs this statement should be placed in the DESCRIPTION clause of the MODULE-IDENTITY macro. b/ short excerpts of IETF documents presented in electronic help systems, for example, the DESCRIPTION clauses for MIB variables, do not need to include a copyright notice. 8 Security Considerations This memo relates to IETF process, not any particular technology. There are security considerations when adopting any technology, whether IPR-protected or not. A working group should take those security considerations into account as one part of evaluating the technology, just as IPR is one part, but they are not issues of security with IPR procedures. 9. References 9.1 Normative references [RFC 2026] Bradner, S.[ed], "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", RFC 2026, October 1996 [IETF IPR] Bradner, S.[ed] "Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology", work in progress: draft-iprwg-technology-00.txt 9.2 Informative references [Berne] "Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Work", http://www.wipo.int/treaties/ip/berne/index.html 10. Acknowledgements The editor would like to acknowledge the help of the IETF ipr Working Group and, in particular the help of Jorge Contreras of Hale and Dorr for his careful legal reviews of this and other IETF IPR-related and Bradner [Page 12] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 process documents. 11. Editor's Address Scott Bradner Harvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA, 02138 sob@harvard.edu +1 617 495 3864 12. Full copyright statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). Except as set forth below, authors retain all their rights. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for rights in submissions defined in the IETF Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/S HE REPRESENTS (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 12. change log note to RFC Editor - remove this section before publication ver 00 to ver 01 misc grammar changes throughout text Bradner [Page 13] Internet-Draft IETF Rights in Submissions March 2003 sec 2.2 - add note about automatic disclaimers sec 2.3a - add "or is sponsored by" remove "unlimited" sec 2.3 B - reword to 'of a scope no wider than the license" sec 2.4a - add deff of major contributor sec 2.6 - 2nd paragraph from sec 5.4 moved here sec 3 - truncate heading sec 3.1 5th pp - add OR IS SPONSORED BY sec 3.1.2 - new section with copyright notice for use where derivative works right are withheld sec 3.2 - added usage guidelines for boilerplates sec 4.1 - add "intended by the contributor" sec 4.6 - add "actual" before lifetime sec 4.8 - reword sec 5.3 - insert "standards" in front of "process" last pp - add "with permission" phrase after "republish" sec 5.4 - change "we require" to "the IETF requires" sec 7/a - add PIBs sec 8 - redo security considerations sec 9.1 - remove IPR ID as normative reference sec 9.2 - add IPR ID as informative reference sec 12 - add changes section ver 01 to 02 abstract - add note about updating 2026 sec 3.2 - add patent pledge ver 02 to 03 misc copy edits throughout document sec 4 - "personally and reasonably known" - remove detail Bradner [Page 14]