From mak@aads.net Thu Jun 30 23:51:44 1994
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From: Mark Knopper <mak@aads.net>
Message-Id: <199407010351.XAA27279@aads.net>
Subject: Re: BigTen packet format
To: deering@parc.xerox.com (Steve Deering)
Date: Thu, 30 Jun 1994 23:51:44 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <94Jun29.154740pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com> from "Steve Deering" at Jun 29, 94 03:47:28 pm
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Steve and Scott,
  Steve is correct that this BigTen packet format has some additional
features from the discussion and "consensus" from the Chicago meeting.
I will forward a list of features that this format has. Steve, do you
think these features represent an improvement from the actual Big Ten
meeting? I believe the intent was to improve it and to resolve some
potential problems.
	Mark


> 
> > Here is a writeup we received of the packet format that was talked about
> > at the end of the BigTen meeting.
> 
> No it's not.  In the format we discussed at the end of the BigTen meeting,
> the Flow field was not optional, a 32-bit reserved field preceded the Flow
> field, the Length field was 24 bits wide, the one-byte fields in the
> second 32-bit word of the header were in a different order, and the
> Flag values were not defined.  The addresses did not have a Strict/Loose
> indicator or a Locator Family field; they had only a 2-bit Len field
> preceded by one Reserved bit.  This document describes something other
> than what we discussed at the meeting.
> 
> Steve
> 
> 
> 


From mak@aads.net Thu Jun 30 23:55:44 1994
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From: Mark Knopper <mak@aads.net>
Message-Id: <199407010355.XAA27310@aads.net>
Subject: BigTen features
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 30 Jun 1994 23:55:44 -0400 (EDT)
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Hi. Here is a list of the major differences between the BigTen packet
format and the SIPP packet format.
	Mark


> 
> The major differences between SIPP and BigTen packet format fall
> into the set of the following orthogonal categories:
> 
> 1. Total length of a packet is increased from 2^16 to 2^20.
> 
> 2. The Flow is longer (32 bits) and optional (since it isn't clear
>    that every packet has to use flow).
> 
> 3. The source route has significantly enhanced functionality --
>    strict vs loose on a per source route element basis,
>    control over packet handling when source route fails.
> 
> 4. Error notification controlled by source.
> 
> 5. Variable length addresses in multiple of 8 octets.
> 
> 6. Introduction of an End-to-end Option header -- this allows to
>    consolidate all the optional information pertinent only to
> 	 the end-points (e.g. fragmentation) within a single header.
>    It also allows protocol expandability with respect to the information
>    that end-points may use (via introduction of new end-to-end options).
> 
> 7. There are 4 spare bits reserved in the header -- SIPP has none.
> 
> 


From mak@aads.net Fri Jul  1 01:02:47 1994
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From: Mark Knopper <mak@aads.net>
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Subject: Re: 16 Byte
To: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Date: Fri, 1 Jul 1994 01:02:47 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <9406281913.AA20507@hsdndev.harvard.edu> from "Scott Bradner" at Jun 28, 94 03:13:43 pm
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Scott,
  Should be variable of course (in line with Steve Bellovin's thinking). 
--Mark


> 
> 
> Peter suggested that we do a straw poll of the directorate about 16 byte
> fixed length addresses being acceptable for IPng (in the context of
> the revised SIPP proposal and ones own understanding of the 'real world'
> both technical and political.)  That seems like a good idea so here it is
> 
> Scott & Allison
> 
> 			too much	ok	should be variable
> J. Allard               
> Steve Bellovin          
> Jim Bound               
> Ross Callon             
> Brian Carpenter         
> Dave Clark              
> John Curran             
> Steve Deering           
> Dino Farinacci          
> Eric Fleischman         
> Paul Frances            
> Mark Knopper            
> Greg Minshall		
> 
> 


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul  1 08:10:21 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407010610.AA16135@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: EIDs are research
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
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IPng people,

I would like to assert that after many moons, I have concluded
that EIDs are still research. As such I don't see how to mandate
them for IPng.

Do people think that Flow IDs/LLIDs are still research? If so,
we are in trouble.

  Brian

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul  1 08:21:26 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407010621.AA16353@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: BigTen features
To: mak@aads.net
Date: Fri, 1 Jul 1994 08:21:26 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <199407010355.XAA27310@aads.net> from "Mark Knopper" at Jun 30, 94 11:55:44 pm
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Mark,

We are not doing design in the Directorate these days. But since
you raise it:

> > The major differences between SIPP and BigTen packet format fall
> > into the set of the following orthogonal categories:
> > 
> > 1. Total length of a packet is increased from 2^16 to 2^20.

This is a virtue. I object to the small size of SIPP packets
for ultra-high-speed LANs (I am thinking of Fibre Channel). Of course,
it is irrelevant when going through routers.

> > 
> > 2. The Flow is longer (32 bits) and optional (since it isn't clear
> >    that every packet has to use flow).

As I said a moment ago, are we sure that Flow/LLID is fully understood?
Is 32 bits too small, too big, just right?
> > 
> > 3. The source route has significantly enhanced functionality --
> >    strict vs loose on a per source route element basis,
> >    control over packet handling when source route fails.
> > 
> > 4. Error notification controlled by source.
> > 
> > 5. Variable length addresses in multiple of 8 octets.

As I said a couple of days ago, overkill! Did anybody like my
SIPP-16 plus NSAPA-32 suggestion?

> > 
> > 6. Introduction of an End-to-end Option header -- this allows to
> >    consolidate all the optional information pertinent only to
> > 	 the end-points (e.g. fragmentation) within a single header.
> >    It also allows protocol expandability with respect to the information
> >    that end-points may use (via introduction of new end-to-end options).
> > 
> > 7. There are 4 spare bits reserved in the header -- SIPP has none.

Is this a virtue? Do we ever really retro-fit features?

  Brian
From jallard@microsoft.com Fri Jul  1 09:59:39 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: mak@aads.net, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu
Date: Fri,  1 Jul 94 09:59:39 TZ
Subject: Re: 16 Byte
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| > Peter suggested that we do a straw poll of the directorate about 16 byte
| > fixed length addresses being acceptable for IPng (in the context of
| > the revised SIPP proposal and ones own understanding of the 'real world'
| > both technical and political.)  That seems like a good idea so here it is
| >
| > 			too much	ok	should be variable
| > J. Allard                                            x

personally, i was a little surprised that the 16-byte "consensus" was reached
on big-internet and not on ipng. from my notes of the chicago meeting, i was
not convinced that the directorate found 16-byte fixed to be sufficient. i
think it's the same dog with bigger fleas.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"


From deering@parc.xerox.com Fri Jul  1 10:24:15 1994
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Cc: deering@parc.xerox.com
Subject: Re: bigten notes 
In-reply-to: sob's message of Tue, 28 Jun 94 14:21:27 -0800.
             <9406282121.AA27823@hsdndev.harvard.edu> 
Date: 	Fri, 1 Jul 1994 10:24:15 PDT
Sender: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
From: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
Message-Id: <94Jul1.102418pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>

Allison & Scott,

Here are some corrections to those parts of the bigten minutes attributed to
me:

> Eric: The Boeing problem. 64 bits is more than enough if you can find 
> what you want. 2 class AUs, 28 class BUs plus class CUs, all being used 
> by Boeing.
> 
> Steve D: provider based addresses. 

I don't remember what I said, but just "provider based addresses" doesn't
seem to mean anything.  Suggest you delete that line.

> Consensus: 64 bit fixed addresses do not work. We need to have 
> extended addresses with delineated fields.

I don't recall any such consensus.  I think there *was* consensus that
SIPP extended addressing using the Route Header was unworkable, and,
of course, that 64-bit addresses are too small *if* you want to do
address autoconfiguration with 48-bit IEEE 802 numbers.

> 	Deering: this is Kleinrock and Camun from 1970.

"Camun" should be "Kamoun".

> Current SIPP header proposal:
> 
> Fixed header
> 16 byte source addresss
> Sequence (optional) of source route elements - these could be 
> shortened. Use 1-bit to indicate whether 8 or 16 bits. Or need to 
> select 8, 16, 24 or 32. or 0, 8, 16, 24.
> 16 byte dest addresses

This was *not* a SIPP header proposal.  It was a report on the header
design discussed after the Thursday evening session broke up.  This is
clear from later in the minutes:

> 	Steve Deering: could be happy with this. Providers should 
> apply discipline in their bit allocation. This is not SIPP, we wonUt 
> relable this SIPP. SIPP is 128 fixed address. Steve may not want to 
> write this protocol spec.

In the above, change "relable" to "re-label".  And I wish all you
Macintosh users would learn to disable the function that turns quotes and
apostrophes into "curly" versions of the same, so that "won't" won't
come out as "wonUt" when transferred to Unix.

> Transport identifier which is not tied to the network layer: consensus
> position.

Huh?  I though we punted on that; certainly there was no consensus.

Steve


From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Fri Jul  1 13:37:41 1994
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Date: Fri, 1 Jul 94 13:37:41 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407011737.AA26397@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: so far


Ross is out of town & I managed to forget Lixia & Rob the 1st time,
Lixia fought through the slight but since Rob's mail was bouncing this
will be the 1st time he sees this.  

Scott

Peter suggested that we do a straw poll of the directorate about 16 byte
fixed length addresses being acceptable for IPng (in the context of
the revised SIPP proposal and ones own understanding of the 'real world'
both technical and political.)  That seems like a good idea so here it is

			too much	ok	should be variable
J. Allard               				X
Steve Bellovin          				X
Jim Bound               		X
Ross Callon             
Brian Carpenter         		X		Add NSAPA option
Dave Clark              
John Curran				X		X
Steve Deering            (X)		X
Dino Farinacci          		X		X
Eric Fleischman         		X		X
Paul Frances            		X
Mark Knopper            				X
Greg Minshall				X		X
Rob Ullmann
Lixia Zhang				X		add option for var

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Fri Jul  1 10:59:42 1994
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From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407011759.AA26557@atc.boeing.com>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: straw poll

Dear Area Co-chairs,

What is the current status for the straw poll of the Directorate of
8 byte vs 16 byte vs variable length addresses?

--Eric

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Fri Jul  1 11:23:42 1994
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From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
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To: deering@parc.xerox.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: bigten notes
Cc: ericf

> Eric: The Boeing problem. 64 bits is more than enough if you can find 
> what you want. 2 class AUs, 28 class BUs plus class CUs, all being used 
> by Boeing.
> 

Allison & Scott,

I didn't say that 64 bit addresses are more than enough.  I recall saying 
that it is NOT enough space for our internal administrative needs to provide 
the internal aggregation of our possible medium term-sized networks and 
that it (in my opinion) will not scale to meet the needs of the Internet
community.  

Concerning Boeing's current addressing usage, we have only 28 or so class Bs
and 150 or so class Cs -- all (with one exception) very densely populated.  
We are toying with deploying a local class A as well and will probably do 
so later this year for a new major protocol family deployment of ours which 
is now being migrated over TCP/IP (CATIA/GAM) and thus now needs IP 
addresses.  However, to understand our medium term needs the knowledge of 
our current address usage is misleading:  We are planning to migrate 
our SNA network (which is bigger than our 80,000 device TCP/IP network) over 
TCP/IP via MPTN and TN3270 in the short term.  We are migrating other 
proprietary networks over TCP/IP.  In short, IPv4 is our convergence network 
today.  All this will really change our IP address usage in the short term
even if our toasternet/wireless needs do not materialize as we expect.

I really don't have the time to read through the BIG 10 minutes and correct
all of the misstatements about what I purportedly said.  I am concerned,
however, how frequently I was misquoted and how the arguments which others
made against what I was saying appeared in the minutes as statements which 
I allegedly made.  

The bottom line is that I consistently said -- and say to this day -- that 
SIPP-8 is broken and will not work as designed.  Furthermore, any fixed
length addressing schema of less than 16 bytes for IPng will NOT have my 
stamp of approval -- for whatever that is worth -- and that my personal 
preference is for variable length addresses -- but preferably not to
the extraordinary upper length bounds of the BIG 10 "compromise". (I fail
to see EVER needing addresses longer than 24 or 32 bytes -- especially for 
a system supporting loose source routing as a potential way to "lengthen"
too-short addresses.)

Sincerely yours,

--Eric Fleischman

From mankin@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil Sat Jul  2 23:38:19 1994
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To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Directorate update
Date: Sat, 02 Jul 94 23:38:19 -0400
From: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>

Hi, all,

We will have a telechat (it will have to be a bit short
because Scott and I have a meeting at 1) on July 11.
Agenda:  the presentation outline we'll be sending you
before Monday/state of the consensus on several major
issues.  We will have another telechat on July 18,
of full length, and at that time we will rehearse the
actual presentation to you.

We are trying to call everyone individually as within
the coming week too, to be sure that all the communication
channels are open.  

The telechats will both begin at 11:30 EDT/8:30 PDT as usual
(if you can remember so far back).

Also, this is very important:  please resend, now to the list,
those of your written proposal reviews that you still like.
We would like to have a compendium of review of the three
proposals.  Please put REVIEW: XYZ where XYZ is the subject,
e.g. TUBA, SIPP, CATNIP, general, general transition in your
subject line.  Scott and I used all the reviews we got, and
of course, we had the very valuable review round-robin on the
first day of Big Ten.  We'd like to see them go into the
archived records too!  Thanks.

Allison and Scott

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Sun Jul  3 10:26:10 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
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Subject: one size fits all (fwd)
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Sun, 3 Jul 1994 10:26:10 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: yakov@watson.ibm.com
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Directorate,     cc. Yakov

I've been having a private exchange with Yakov and it's reached a point
where I would like to share it with the Directorate. It doesn't change
my position in the straw poll on address size, but it may put a
slight spin on it. I regard this as background, rather than as starting
a design discussion (which we're not supposed to do on this list).
I've cut & pasted two or three messages and deleted the rude bits :-)
Yakov is in the Cc field.

Yakov:> 1. Why do you need 32 octets to embed NSAP ? Seems like 24 (if you
> insist on multiple of 8) should be sufficient.

Brian:> That's true and it occurred to me too. I would certainly accept 24.

Yakov:> 2. You said that SAF and OAF routing is independent. I don't quite
> understand the implications of these. For example, does this mean that a
> router is not required to support OAF ?

Brian:> I meant to say that there would indeed be two independent, co-existing
> A&R architectures. Of course you could run the SIN versus Unified
> argument again. Yes, my thinking was that 'router requirements'
> would say that SAF is a MUST and OAF is a MAY. In other words, service
> providers must offer SAF and may offer OAF.
> 
> 
Yakov:>3. If you are asking for 16 byt addressing plan for the Internet,
> >>then why wouldn't you just use the subset of the BigTen addressing
> >>plan (since BigTen includes both 8 and 16 bytes addresses).
> >
Brian:>Yes, I think I could go for that or something very like it. It is
> >certainly better than the Paul Francis SIP(P) unicast plan.
> 
Yakov:> It would certainly help if you'll express this in public (or at least
> within the IPng AD).
> 
Yakov:>4. You mentioned that Big10 is an overkill. I would appreciate
> >>further comments on this. Specifically on the topic of 8, 16, 24
> >>and 32 bytes long addresses. I would agree though, that 56 bytes in Big10
> >>is an overkill. For that matter 32 may be as well -- if I have my choice
> >>I would have just 8, 16 and 24.
> 
Brian:>Much more reasonable ! If we have to have variable size this is
> >a good compromise. If you define a provider code for the 24 byte case
> >meaning "NSAPA" you can even embed my OAF. When I start thinking about
> >addresses > 32 bytes I go into Bill Simpson mode. I think I could define
> >my position as [8] 16 24|32. I mean: I don't really think 8 is necessary,
> >but it does not harm. I think 16 is vital, and a format long enough
> >to embed NSAPA is necessary.
> 
Yakov:> Why wouldn't you propose to the IPng AD to change Big10 packet format
> to have only 2 bits for the address length ? That would effectively
> limit the choices to 8, 16, 24 and 32. Granted that 32 may not be
> that useful, but there is no harm since you wouldn't carry 32 bytes
> addresses in any case any time soon. You'll get 16 bytes for systems
> that need stateless autoconfiguration, 8 bytes for cluster addresses
> and for systems that don't need stateless autoconfiguration, and
> you'll get 24 bytes for straightforward NSAPA embedding.
> 8 bytes may also be quite useful if it carries only the "locator"
> information and put EIDs as end-to-end options (into the End-to-end
> options header of BigTen).
> 
Brian: The Directorate doesn't do design, right?
> 
> 
Yakov on source routing: [It is difficult]
> to make any intelligent judgement on whether source routing capabilities
> in any of the IPng (SIPP, TUBA, CATNIP) are sufficient to meet routing
> requirements of IPng. I assume you saw message from Noel evaluating
> SIPP Routing header in the context of Nimrod. I posted a similar
> message evaluating SIPP Routing header in the context of Unified.
> Both Noel's and mine conclusions are *exactly* the same -- the
> SIPP Routing header is pretty useless, SIPP doesn't have enough
> routing functionality. That really concerns me A LOT.
> 

Brian:> I am just not an expert in source routing. As you may have gathered
> from a side remark in my SAF/OAF mail, Dave Clark made a major
> point in Boston that we do not know if the hierarchical addressing/
> source routing model really satisfies all routing requirements.
> Clearly he talks to Noel from time to time. I can't judge but
> I respect you, Noel and Dave enough to share your concern. I suspect
> that Scott and Allison have realised there is a problem too, and I
> will bear it in mind if they circulate a draft of their Toronto
> statement to the Directorate.

Yakov:> It is not enough to realise that there is a problem. It is important
> to figure out how to fix this problem. The handwaiving from SIPP
> folks saying that SIPP routing header is good enough, like
> in the following piece of e-mail from Christian:
> 
>   "the SIPP loose "source route" are precisely there to
>   provide an escape and a path of evolution. We may not know
>   the details yet, but all works on flexible routing
>   (nimrod, sdrp, idpr, route segments) points towards
>   this type of solution."
> 
> in my view is totally unacceptable. You either have the required functionality
> or you don't. And SIPP doesn't have the required functionality, but has
> the stuff (routing header) that is *already* acknowledged to be
> pretty useless !!!
> 
Brian:>Have a good holiday weekend.

From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Sun Jul  3 07:52:09 1994
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Date: Sun, 3 Jul 94 07:52:09 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407031152.AA10729@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Subject: Re:  one size fits all (fwd)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com


> The handwaiving from SIPP
> folks saying that SIPP routing header is good enough


Steve & I talked about this in Prague, we both think that the whole
source route issue needs more discussion on the mailing list.  We
agreed that Steve would start a discussion along the lines of what
he did with addresses on the SIPP list after we have a context to
put it in.  i.e. after we publish the notes from teh bigten meeting.

Everyone should get any final comments in on those notes so we can get
this and other things under way.

Scott

From yakov@watson.ibm.com Sun Jul  3 08:49:10 1994
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From: yakov@watson.ibm.com
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Received: from YKTVMV by watson.ibm.com (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with BSMTP id 9207;
   Sun, 03 Jul 94 08:49:10 EDT
Date: Sun, 3 Jul 94 08:49:10 EDT
To: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: one size fits all (fwd)

Ref:  Your note of Sun, 3 Jul 94 07:52:09 -0400

Scott,
>Steve would start a discussion along the lines of what he did
>with addresses on the SIPP list...
That is a fine idea, *except* that the discussion should be
carried in the big-internet list -- the issue of source route
capabilities is more than just SIPP issue -- it is the IPng issue.
Yakov.

From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 09:06:23 1994
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From: bound@zk3.dec.com
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Cc: yakov@watson.ibm.com, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com,
        dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU, bound@zk3.dec.com
Subject: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:06:23 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

If most of you don't know I have always stated I don't care if RFC 1597
exists as long as no tells me I have to implement 1597.  I also am now
hearing folks represent 1597 in discussions like its a standard or a
done deal in the IETF.  Well please read RFC 1627 too if you have read
RFC 1597.

I am still neutral on 1597, but I do believe 1627 has produced a good
counter argument, and also suggests we do not have consensus for 1597 in
the IETF, which I agree with fyi. 

It also sends up some red flares which I just have to look at on this
issue regarding IPng and a more important reason to read it than to
diffuse 1597.

/jim


Network Working Group                                            E. Lear
Request for Comments: 1627                        Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Category: Informational                                          E. Fair
                                                    Apple Computer, Inc.
                                                              D. Crocker
                                                  Silicon Graphics, Inc.
                                                              T. Kessler
                                                  Sun Microsystems, Inc.
                                                               July 1994


                     Network 10 Considered Harmful
                 (Some Practices Shouldn't be Codified)

Status of this Memo

   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  This memo
   does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of
   this memo is unlimited.

SUMMARY

   Re-use of Internet addresses for private IP networks is the topic of
   the recent RFC 1597 [1].  It reserves a set of IP network numbers,
   for (re-)use by any number of organizations, so long as those
   networks are not routed outside any single, private IP network.  RFC
   1597 departs from the basic architectural rule that IP addresses must
   be globally unique, and it does so without having had the benefit of
   the usual, public review and approval by the IETF or IAB.  This
   document restates the arguments for maintaining a unique address
   space.  Concerns for Internet architecture and operations, as well as
   IETF procedure, are explored.

INTRODUCTION

   Growth in use of Internet technology and in attachments to the
   Internet have taken us to the point that we now are in danger of
   running out of unassigned IP network numbers.  Initially, numbers
   were formally assigned only when a network was about to be attached
   to the Internet.  This caused difficulties when initial use of IP
   substantially preceded the decision and permission to attach to the
   Internet.  In particular, re-numbering was painful.  The lesson that
   we learned was that every IP address ought to be globally unique,
   independent of its attachment to the Internet.  This makes it
   possible for any two network entities to communicate, no matter where
   either might be located.  This model is the result of a decades-long
   evolution, through which the community realized how painful it can be
   to convert a network of computers to use an assigned number after



Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 1]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


   using random or default addresses found on computers just out of the
   box.  RFC 1597 abrogates this model without benefit of general IETF
   community discussion and consensus, leaving policy and operational
   questions unasked and unanswered.

KEEP OUR EYES ON THE PRIZE:  AN ARCHITECTURAL GOAL AND VIOLATION

   A common -- if not universal -- ideal for the future of IP is for
   every system to be globally accessible, given the proper security
   mechanisms.  Whether such systems comprise toasters, light switches,
   utility power poles, field medical equipment, or the classic examples
   of "computers", our current model of assignment is to ensure that
   they can interoperate.

   In order for such a model to work there must exist a globally unique
   addressing system.  A common complaint throughout the community is
   that the existing security in host software does not allow for every
   (or even many) hosts in a corporate environment to have direct IP
   access.  When this problem is addressed through proper privacy and
   authentication standards, non-unique IP addresses will become a
   bottleneck to easy deployment if the recommendations in RFC 1597 are
   followed.

   The IP version 4 (IPv4) address space will be exhausted.  The
   question is simply:  when?

   If we assert that all IP addresses must be unique globally, connected
   or not, then we will run out of IP address space soon.

   If we assert that only IP addresses used on the world-wide Internet
   need to be globally unique, then we will run out of IP address space
   later.

   It is absolutely key to keep the Internet community's attention
   focused on the efforts toward IP next generation (IPng), so that we
   may transcend the limitations of IPv4.  RFC 1597 produces apparent
   relief from IPv4 address space exhaustion by masking those networks
   that are not connecting to the Internet, today.  However, this
   apparent relief will likely produce two results: complacency on the
   large part of the community that does not take the long term view,
   and a very sudden IP address space exhaustion at some later date.

   Prior to IPng deployment, it is important to preserve all the
   semantics that make both the Internet and Internet technology so very
   valuable for interoperability.  Apple Computer, IBM, and Motorola
   could not collaborate as easily as they have to produce the PowerPC
   without uniquely assigned IP addresses. The same can be said of the
   Silicon Graphics merger with MIPS. There are many, many more examples



Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 2]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


   that can be cited.

   It should be noted that a scheme similar to RFC 1597 can be
   implemented at the time that we actually run out of assignable IPv4
   address space; it simply requires that those organizations which have
   been assigned addresses but are not yet connected to the Internet
   return their addresses to IANA. It is important that the IAB (and
   IANA as its agent) reassert their ownership of the IP address space
   now, to preclude challenges to this type of reassignment.

OPERATIONAL ISSUES

RFC 1597 Implementations

   Methods are needed to ensure that the remaining addresses are
   allocated and used frugally.  Due to the current problems, Internet
   service providers have made it increasingly difficult for
   organizations to acquire public IP network numbers.  Private networks
   have always had the option of using addresses not assigned to them by
   appropriate authorities.  We do not know how many such networks
   exist, because by their nature they do not interact with the global
   Internet.  By using a random address, a company must take some care
   to ensure it is able to route to the properly registered owner of
   that network.

   RFC 1597 proposes to solve the routing problem by assigning numbers
   that will never be used outside of private environments.  Using such
   standard numbers introduces a potential for clashes in another way.
   If two private networks follow RFC 1597 and then later wish to
   communicate with each other, one will have to renumber.  The same
   problem occurs if a private network wishes to become public.  The
   likely cost of renumbering is linear to the number of hosts on a
   network.  Thus, a large company with 10,000 hosts on a network could
   incur considerable expense if it either merged with another company
   or joined the Internet in such a way as to allow all hosts to
   directly access the outside network.

   The probability of address clashes occurring over time approach 100%
   with RFC 1597.  Picking a random network number reduces the chances
   of having to renumber hosts, but introduces the routing problems
   described above.  Best of all, retrieving assigned numbers from the
   appropriate authority in the first place eliminates both existing and
   potential address conflicts at the cost of using a part of the
   address space.

   Apple Computer once believed that none of its internal systems would
   ever speak IP directly to the outside world, and as such, network
   operations picked IP class A network 90 out of thin air to use.



Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 3]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


   Apple is only now recovering from this error, having renumbered some
   5,000 hosts to provide them with "desktop" Internet access.  Unless
   the Internet community reaffirms its commitment to a globally unique
   address space, we condemn many thousands of organizations to similar
   pain when they too attempt to answer the call of the global Internet.

   Another timely example of problems caused by RFC 1597 is Sun's use of
   Internet multicasting.  Sun selectively relays specific multicast
   conferences.  This has the effect of making many hosts at Sun visible
   to the Internet, even though they are not addressable via IP unicast
   routing.  If they had non-global addresses this would not work at
   all.  It is not possible to predict which machines need global
   addresses in advance.  Silicon Graphics has a similar configuration,
   as is likely for others, as well.

   Some might argue that assigning numbers to use for private networks
   will prevent accidental leaks from occurring through some sort of
   convention a'la Martian packets.  While the proposal attempts to
   create a standard for "private" address use, there is absolutely no
   way to ensure that other addresses are not also used.

   Hence, the "standard" becomes nothing but a misleading heuristic.  In
   fact, it is essential that routers to the global Internet advertise
   networks based only on explicit permission, rather than refusing to
   advertise others based on implicit prohibition, as supported by the
   policy formally created in RFC 1597.

Security Issues

   Administrators will have a hard time spotting unauthorized networks,
   when their network has been breached (either intentionally or
   unintentionally) because the other networks might have the same
   numbers as those normally in the routing tables.  More over, an
   inadvertent connection could possibly have a double whammy effect of
   partitioning two operational networks.

   It is worth emphasizing that IP providers should filter out all but
   authorized networks.  Such a practice would not only prevent
   accidents but also enhance the security of the Internet by reducing
   the potential number of points of attack.

   Internet multicasting adds a new dimension to security.  In some
   cases it may possible to allow multicasting through firewalls that
   completely restrict unicast routing.  Otherwise unconnected networks
   might well need unique addresses, as illustrated in the example
   above.





Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 4]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


Problems with Examples

   RFC 1597 gives several examples of IP networks that need not have
   globally unique address spaces.  Each of those cases is plausible,
   but that does not make it legitimate to ENCOURAGE non-uniqueness of
   the addresses.  In fact, it is equally plausible that globally unique
   IP addresses will be required, for every one of the scenarios
   described in RFC 1597:

   - Airport displays are public information and multicasting beyond the
     airport might be useful.

   - An organization's machines which, today, do not need global
     connectivity might need it tomorrow.  Further, merging
     organizations creates havoc when the addresses collide.

   - Current use of firewalls is an artifact of limitations in the
     technology.  Let's fix the problem, not the symptom.

   - Inter-organization private links do not generate benefit from being
     any more correct in guessing which machines want to interact than
     is true for general Internet access.

   This is another point that warrants repetition: the belief that
   administrators can predict which machines will need Internet access
   is quite simply wrong.  We need to reduce or eliminate the penalties
   associated with that error, in order to encourage as much Internet
   connectivity as operational policies and technical security permit.
   RFC 1597 works very much against this goal.

Problems With "Advantages" And More Disadvantages

   RFC 1597 claims that Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) will
   require enterprises to renumber their networks.  In the general case,
   this will only involve those networks that are routed outside of
   enterprises.  Since RFC 1597 addresses private enterprise networks,
   this argument does not apply.

   The authors mention that DCHP-based tools [2] might help network
   number transition.  However, it is observed that by and large such
   tools are currently only "potential" in nature.

   Additionally, with the onslaught of ISDN, slip, and PPP in host
   implementations, the potential for a workstation to become a router
   inadvertently has never been greater.  Use of a common set of
   addresses for private networks virtually assures administrators of
   having their networks partitioned, if they do not take care to
   carefully control modem connections.



Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 5]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


   Finally, RFC 1597 implies that it may be simple to change a host's IP
   address.  For a variety of reasons this may not be the case, and it
   is not the norm today.  For example, a host may be well known within
   a network.  It may have long standing services such as NFS, which
   would cause problems for clients were its address changed.  A host
   may have software licenses locked by IP address.  Thus, migrating a
   host from private to global addressing may prove difficult.  At the
   very least, one should be careful about addressing well known hosts.

POLICY ISSUES

IANA Has Overstepped Their Mandate

   For many years, IANA has followed an assignment policy based on the
   expectation of Internet connectivity for ALL assignees.  As such it
   serves to encourage interconnectivity.  IANA assignment of the
   network numbers listed in RFC 1597 serves to formally authorize
   behavior contrary to this accepted practice.  Further, this change
   was effected without benefit of community review and approval.

   RFC 1597 specifies a new operational requirement explicitly: network
   service providers must filter the IANA assigned network numbers
   listed in RFC 1597 from their routing tables.  This address space
   allocation is permanently removed from being used on the Internet.

   As we read RFC 1601 [3], this action is not within the purview of
   IANA, which should only be assigning numbers within the current
   standards and axioms that underlie the Internet.  IP network numbers
   are assigned uniquely under the assumption that they will be used on
   the Internet at some future date.  Such assignments violate that
   axiom, and constitute an architectural change to the Internet.  RFC
   1602 [4] and RFC 1310 [5] also contain identical wording to this
   effect in the section that describes IANA.

   While RFC 1597 contains a view worthy of public debate, it is not
   ready for formal authorization.  Hence, we strongly encourage IANA to
   withdraw its IP address assignments documented by RFC 1597 forthwith.

   The IAB should review the address assignment policies and procedures
   that compose IANA's mandate, and reaffirm the commitment to a
   globally unique IP address space.

COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS

   The Internet technology and service is predicated on a global address
   space.  Members of the Internet community have already experienced
   and understood the problems and pains associated with uncoordinated
   private network number assignments.  In effect the proposal attempts



Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 6]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


   to codify uncoordinated behavior and alter the accepted Internet
   addressing model.  Hence, it needs to be considered much more
   thoroughly.

   RFC 1597 gives the illusion of remedying a problem, by creating
   formal structure to a long-standing informal practice.  In fact, the
   structure distracts us from the need to solve these very real
   problems and does not even provide substantive aid in the near-term.

   In the past we have all dreaded the idea of having any part of the
   address space re-used.  Numerous luminaries have both written and
   spoke at length, explaining why it is we want direct connections from
   one host to another.  Before straying from the current architectural
   path, we as a community should revisit the reasoning behind the
   preaching of unique addressing.  While RFC 1597 attempts to change
   this model, its costs and limitations for enterprises can be
   enormous, both in the short and long term.

REFERENCES

   [1]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., and G. de Groot,
        "Address Allocation for Private Internets", T.J. Watson Research
        Center, IBM Corp., Chrysler Corp., RIPE NCC, RFC 1597, March
        1994.

   [2]  Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 1541,
        Bucknell University, October 1993.

   [3]  Huitema, C., "Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)",
        RFC 1601, IAB, March 1994.

   [4]  Internet Architecture Board, Internet Engineering Steering
        Group, "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 2", IAB,
        IESG, RFC 1602, March 1994.

   [5]  Internet Activities Board, "The Internet Standards Process", RFC
        1310, IAB, March 1992.

   [6]  Internet Activities Board, "Summary of Internet Architecture
        Discussion", Notes available from ISI, [ftp.isi.edu:
        pub/IAB/IABmins.jan91Arch.txt], IAB, January 1991.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

   See the section, "Security Issues".






Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 7]

RFC 1627             Network 10 Considered Harmful             July 1994


AUTHORS' ADDRESSES

   Eliot Lear
   Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.
   Mountain View, CA
   94043-1389

   Phone: +1 415 390 2414
   EMail: lear@sgi.com


   Erik Fair
   Apple Computer, Inc.
   1 Infinite Loop
   Cupertino, CA 95014

   Phone: +1 408 974 1779
   EMail: fair@apple.com


   Dave Crocker
   Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.
   Mountain View, CA
   94043-1389

   Phone: +1 415 390 1804
   EMail: dcrocker@sgi.com


   Thomas Kessler
   Sun Microsystems Inc.
   Mail Stop MTV05-44
   2550 Garcia Ave.
   Mountain View, CA 94043

   Phone: +1 415 336 3145
   EMail: kessler@eng.sun.com












Lear, Fair, Crocker & Kessler                                   [Page 8]


From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 09:18:47 1994
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From: bound@zk3.dec.com
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	id AA27374; Sun, 3 Jul 94 06:19:03 -0700
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To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Cc: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        bound@zk3.dec.com
Subject: Re: one size fits all (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 03 Jul 94 08:49:10 EDT."
             <199407031249.IAA09017@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:18:47 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Yakov.

ABSOLUTELY NOT.  ABSOLUTELY NOT.  The proposals on the table to solve
this problem at this time is SIPP FIXED.  I want the SIPP working group
to work this problem without all the architects who dont build products,
dont work with code, and don't do a hell of a lot but talk and discuss
based on some experience they had in the past in any of the above
categories.

We have hands on folks willing to discuss this openly on SIPP list.  These
are people who have done more code with IPng than anyother WG in the
IETF.

I think Big-I is a waste of time these days and would not even read it
if I were not on the Directorate and have to watch the traffic.  More
importantly this is a working group discussion and SIPP now has many of
the key players from SIPP and TUBA on it now and willing to work
together lets take advantage of that polarity.  

I suggest to Steve that if this must be done then lets run a
simultaneous discussion on SIPP to get real implementors views.

I also suggest to Steve that a header in the msg state we feel we have
TUBA folks on the SIPP list and need their input too would be a good
thing to do.

Big-I is not a KING or QUEEN.  Its not the final say and it certainly
does not reflect very good tecHniccal discussion.  I want to see
technical discussion on how  this is going to work not how it might
work.

p.s. Scott and Allison I object strongly to Yakovs idea of Big-I as a
Directorate member.

/jim


From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 09:27:50 1994
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To: craig@aland.bbn.com, kasten@ftp.com
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com
Subject: IPng Reqs : Ack Issue (CORRECTED DIST LIST)
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:27:50 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Please only respond to this I made an alias error.  A good reason why
names are so important.  

/jim


I don't think you wanted to send this to craig@zk3.dec.com  I am Craig
Peterson, and don't know who you intended this for.

Craig.

   From: bound@zk3.dec.com
   Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com
   Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 08:50:04 -0400

   Frank and Craig,

   Both of your names are on the front of 5/25 ...criteria-02.txt draft so
   I am sending this to both of you.

   I still think the document is good OK.  BUT...

   Your acknowledgment list looks like you forgot about the IPng
   Directorate that helped you formulate and verify the entire set of
   requiremets and several our the Directorates white papers whose ideas
   are within your document in different words. 

   Your notable mentions of IAB, Li, Chiappa, Postel, are nice but many of
   the ideas expressed in Directorate papers or by the mail discussions of
   us ourselves have contributed more to this document than the mentions
   above.   

   I am very upset by this and feel its typical good ole boy IETF feed each
   other politics.  In the future when I work with either of you I will be
   very cautious because when I work with someone I want to feel
   comfortable that my work and input will be acknowledged in addition to
   those who may be the good ole boys.  Espescially when my ideas were used
   to help generate a document.

   I think key Directorate members worked real hard on your requirments
   with you and two of them produced white papers too:  Brian Carpenter,
   Eric Fleischman, John Curran, Greg Minshall, Steve Deering, Steve
   Bellovin, and myself.  Those connecting with you off line I cannot
   ascertain obviously but these are folks who worked extensive issues with
   you and in fact caused the final name of your doc Technical Criteria.

   A bit disappointed and it will affect me greatly in any future dealings
   we have in the IETF, unless you can send mail to me convincing me this
   was an oversight or something.  Right now I think it was done on purpose
   and very bold, and I wanted you to know I know you did this.

   /jim

------- End of Forwarded Message


From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Sun Jul  3 09:53:19 1994
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Date: Sun, 3 Jul 94 09:53:19 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407031353.AA26372@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch, yakov@watson.ibm.com
Subject: Re:  one size fits all (fwd)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

yes, such a discussion should also be on the big-i list but it is
quite reasonable for the sipp list to be part of the discussion.  I've
talked to quite a few people who are not on the big-i list because
of what they see as a bad ratio between noise & substance, we would
not like to miss the input from them.

Scott

From yakov@watson.ibm.com Sun Jul  3 09:59:07 1994
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From: yakov@watson.ibm.com
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   Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:59:07 EDT
Date: Sun, 3 Jul 94 09:59:07 EDT
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: one size fits all (fwd)

Ref:  Your note of Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:18:47 -0400

Jim,
>The proposals on the table to solve this problem at this time is
>SIPP FIXED.
It is a bit hard for me to understand what the above sentence means exactly.
Could you elaborate a bit on this please.
Thanks.
Yakov.

From jcurran@nic.near.net Sun Jul  3 10:12:09 1994
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To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov,
        Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com, dcrocker@mordor.stanford.edu
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
In-reply-to: Your message of Sun, 03 Jul 1994 09:06:23 -0400.
             <9407031306.AA25150@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 1994 10:12:09 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407031013.aa28282@nic.near.net>

--------
] From: bound@zk3.dec.com
] Subject: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
] Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:06:23 -0400
] ...
] It also sends up some red flares which I just have to look at on this
] issue regarding IPng and a more important reason to read it than to
] diffuse 1597.

Some of the policy questions raised in 1627 (regarding an informational doc
affecting the manner of IANA address allocation) are quite real; it's
always good to know there's a "IETF watchdog" group out there...

On the other hand, 1627 advocates against formalizing an existing practice
which is both necessary and desirable for some circumstances.  The basic
reasoning is that organizations don't understand the full ramifications of
the use of "private" network addressing, and hence should not be encouraged
to do so.  This is meddling on behalf of the IETF into private organizations
use of IP addresses by folks who think that they "know better".  If the 
IETF formally tries to eliminate "private" network addressing, then industry
will respond in force.

/John

From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 12:43:03 1994
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From: bound@zk3.dec.com
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To: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com,
        peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com,
        dcrocker@mordor.stanford.edu
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 03 Jul 94 10:12:09 EDT."
             <9407031013.aa28282@nic.near.net> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 12:43:03 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

John,

ACK on private industry I agree with you 100% and why I am not
anit-1597.  My purpose was only to make sure we saw this in case
warnings could at least be known with 1597.  Thats all.

Probably to much to ask but if there was a 1597-1627 draft that stated
here are the warings but its your own trip and good luck.

thanks
/jim

From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 12:52:21 1994
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To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: one size fits all (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:59:07 EDT."
             <199407031359.JAA09201@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 12:52:21 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Yakov,

=>The proposals on the table to solve this problem at this time is
=>SIPP FIXED.

>It is a bit hard for me to understand what the above sentence means exactly.
>Could you elaborate a bit on this please.

I mean't we went through an exercise and found some consensus that we
could use parts of SIPP with changes for routing and addressing which I
hope is and does become an IPng Working Group.  But saying it the way I
did is probably not the best way to state it.  I think Scott's right we
need an IPng Working Group and an IPng mailing list too.

I have been impressed with the recent SIPP list technical contributions
from all factions on IPng lately, but its probably better to go to Big-I
as I pondered it on my deck this sunny a.m. in New Hampshire.

My concern is that on Big-I I just don't want to go down an
architectural rat hole and felt we could avoid that on SIPP list.  But,
on second thought it might be best to go to Big-I and most of the folks
are on there too.  Maybe what I will do is sit back and take the
rat-holer job and if it looks like a rat-hole just suggest its a rat
hole.  We just need to keep moving forward and not go backward I want to
work on this stuff.

Might be good to send mail to each WG list telling them we are going to
discuss this on Big-I.  

/jim


From dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU Sun Jul  3 09:52:41 1994
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Message-Id: <199407031652.JAA27011@Mordor.Stanford.EDU>
To: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com,
        peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com
cc: dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
Phone: +1 408 246 8253; fax: +1 408 249 6205
In-reply-to: Your message of Sun, 03 Jul 94 10:12:09 -0400.
          <9407031013.aa28282@nic.near.net> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:52:41 -0700
From: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU>
X-Mts: smtp

>From the Vegas BOF, I think there was some general agreement that we
should attempt to develop a joint document.  I'd guess that its
tone and content should be along the lines that Jim B has used in
describing his own view of the 1597 ideas.  Not anti, but quite
cautious.

Dave

From bound@zk3.dec.com Sun Jul  3 13:00:15 1994
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To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU>
Cc: John Curran    <jcurran@nic.near.net>, bound@zk3.dec.com,
        ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov,
        Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:52:41 PDT."
             <199407031652.JAA27011@Mordor.Stanford.EDU> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 13:00:15 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Dave,

I am agreeing with you so much these past days I am going to go have a beer
and do a logic check.

/jim

From dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU Sun Jul  3 10:24:50 1994
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To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: John Curran          <jcurran@nic.near.net>, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        yakov@watson.ibm.com, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com
cc: dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597 
Phone: +1 408 246 8253; fax: +1 408 249 6205
In-reply-to: Your message of Sun, 03 Jul 94 13:00:15 -0400.
          <9407031700.AA01236@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> 
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 10:24:50 -0700
From: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU>
X-Mts: smtp

Jim,

    ---- Included message:

    I am agreeing with you so much these past days I am going to go have a beer
    and do a logic check.

Think of it as validating the legitimacy of our disagreements...

d/

From mankin@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil Sun Jul  3 15:16:32 1994
Forwarded: Tue, 05 Jul 94 08:31:45 -0400
Forwarded: "sob@harvard.edu "
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To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Mail to Each WG List
Date: Sun, 03 Jul 94 15:16:32 -0400
From: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>

Jim,

Yes, we're about to do just that.  I'm still
tinkering a little because of the late date, but
Scott and I are fairly happy with the message below:



-----------------

To: big-internet, tuba, sipp, catnip, ietf
Subject: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements

Hi,

This message is an attempt to gauge the extent of consensus on
one of the IPng issues.

Steve Deering's message "Chicago Meeting -- Possible Changes
to SIPP" to the SIPP list a while back elicited quite a bit
of discussion on various lists (both SIPP and big-internet and
in other venues) about the length of "address" required for an IPng. 
We have also had considerable discussion within the directorate.

At this time it would appear to us that there is considerable consensus
that a fixed length, topologically structured, hierarchical
address 16 bytes in length is reasonable for an IPng (that is
meets the needs of the very very large-scale Internet).
We understand that we are being a bit vague in using the term "address" in
light of the question we asked last week.  For the purposes of this
request, please assume that the transport level and internet level names
are the same.  

Some view that 16 bytes is larger than would be required
for any imaginable Internet structure in the future and that an 
8 byte address is all that is required.

There seems to be a stronger, but still minority, view that, for various
reasons, a variable length address, one that could be smaller or larger
than 16 bytes, would meet the needs better for the future of the 
Internet.

Much of the discussion on the lists has revolved around the relative
efficiency of processing fixed and variable length addresses.  We would
like to assess the consensus just on lengths for the future.  We want to
make sure that we have understood consensus on meeting the needs
of the very very large Internet.  Therefore, this message is to
ask people what present or future rationale they see for one of:
  16 byte fixed length address
  longer than 16 byte fixed length address now
  longer than 16 byte fixed length address next time we change
  anything
  8 byte fixed length address.

We hope to guage, in particular, what, if any, the consensus
is about the routing power, topological flexibility and manageability
of the length of the address.

At this point the consensus on the big-internet list seems quite
clear.  This is a good time to bring forward remaining issues
about the IPng address length requirements.  Of course, we also
welcome messages that support our perceived consensus.

Thank you,

Scott & Allison





From yakov@watson.ibm.com Sun Jul  3 15:35:12 1994
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Date: Sun, 3 Jul 94 15:35:12 EDT
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: one size fits all (fwd)

Ref:  Your note of Sun, 03 Jul 94 12:52:21 -0400

Jim,
>My concern is that on Big-I I just don't want to go down an
>architectural rat hole.

I understand your concern. However, IMHO the design of IPng *has* to
reflect *both* architectural *and* implementation *and* end-user
*and* network operators concerns.
Yakov.


From bound@zk3.dec.com Mon Jul  4 00:21:38 1994
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To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: one size fits all (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 03 Jul 94 15:35:12 EDT."
             <9407031935.AA22602@decvax.dec.com> 
Date: Mon, 04 Jul 94 00:21:38 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Yakov,

>I understand your concern. However, IMHO the design of IPng *has* to
>reflect *both* architectural *and* implementation *and* end-user
>*and* network operators concerns.

Agreed and good point.

/jim


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul  4 08:10:10 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407040610.AA07491@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
Date: Mon, 4 Jul 1994 08:10:10 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, yakov@watson.ibm.com, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov,
        Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com, dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU
In-Reply-To: <9407031306.AA25150@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> from "bound@zk3.dec.com" at Jul 3, 94 09:06:23 am
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Folks,

I don't think IPng should get into this specific controversy.
What we should think about is whether IPng will adequately
support the migration of private IPv4 nets onto the general
Internet. It is irrelevant whether the private addresses
are RFC 1597 addresses or "illegal" ones; in either case
they are ambiguous. The interesting question is whether
the IPng addressing plan allows them to be made globally
unique by adding a prefix (good), or whether the users have
to renumber (bad).

   Brian

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul  4 08:15:29 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407040615.AA07685@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: Mail to Each WG List
To: mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil (Allison J Mankin)
Date: Mon, 4 Jul 1994 08:15:29 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <199407031916.PAA09794@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> from "Allison J Mankin" at Jul 3, 94 03:16:32 pm
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Just two comments

1. Consensus is not necessarily truth. I haven't fully digested
Dave Clark's warning in Chelmsford yet.

2. I think you should add the "16 byte mandatory, longer optional now"
choice (sort of the Yakov/Brian idea).

 Brian

>--------- Text sent by Allison J Mankin follows:
> 
> Jim,
> 
> Yes, we're about to do just that.  I'm still
> tinkering a little because of the late date, but
> Scott and I are fairly happy with the message below:
> 
> 
> 
> -----------------
> 
> To: big-internet, tuba, sipp, catnip, ietf
> Subject: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements
> 
> Hi,
> 
> This message is an attempt to gauge the extent of consensus on
> one of the IPng issues.
> 
> Steve Deering's message "Chicago Meeting -- Possible Changes
> to SIPP" to the SIPP list a while back elicited quite a bit
> of discussion on various lists (both SIPP and big-internet and
> in other venues) about the length of "address" required for an IPng. 
> We have also had considerable discussion within the directorate.
> 
> At this time it would appear to us that there is considerable consensus
> that a fixed length, topologically structured, hierarchical
> address 16 bytes in length is reasonable for an IPng (that is
> meets the needs of the very very large-scale Internet).
> We understand that we are being a bit vague in using the term "address" in
> light of the question we asked last week.  For the purposes of this
> request, please assume that the transport level and internet level names
> are the same.  
> 
> Some view that 16 bytes is larger than would be required
> for any imaginable Internet structure in the future and that an 
> 8 byte address is all that is required.
> 
> There seems to be a stronger, but still minority, view that, for various
> reasons, a variable length address, one that could be smaller or larger
> than 16 bytes, would meet the needs better for the future of the 
> Internet.
> 
> Much of the discussion on the lists has revolved around the relative
> efficiency of processing fixed and variable length addresses.  We would
> like to assess the consensus just on lengths for the future.  We want to
> make sure that we have understood consensus on meeting the needs
> of the very very large Internet.  Therefore, this message is to
> ask people what present or future rationale they see for one of:
>   16 byte fixed length address
>   longer than 16 byte fixed length address now
>   longer than 16 byte fixed length address next time we change
>   anything
>   8 byte fixed length address.
> 
> We hope to guage, in particular, what, if any, the consensus
> is about the routing power, topological flexibility and manageability
> of the length of the address.
> 
> At this point the consensus on the big-internet list seems quite
> clear.  This is a good time to bring forward remaining issues
> about the IPng address length requirements.  Of course, we also
> welcome messages that support our perceived consensus.
> 
> Thank you,
> 
> Scott & Allison
> 
> 
> 
> 


From jallard@microsoft.com Tue Jul  5 10:21:52 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Tue,  5 Jul 94 10:21:52 TZ
Subject: RE: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison

|         o -  a new IPng working group be formed


is this an umbrella group for the ipng effort, or is this
a road group?

|         o - the working group take as its base documents
|                 the forthcoming SIPP draft ( SIPP with 16 byte addresses)
|                 SST outline

i'd like the sst outline to be cleaned up prior to the bofs in toronto.

|         o -  a new IPng autoconfiguration working group be formed
|                 base document - draft from Sue Thompson & Dave Katz

i haven't seen this new document, does it exsit yet?

|         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
|                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
|                 questions, connecting all the points,
|                 offering the broadest perspective,
|                 but not making* architectural decisions,
|                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.

pls call this something other than "architect". what are the
specific deliverables of this position? this description is
alarmingly vague.

|         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of
|                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
|                         and CLNP.
|                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated
|                 along the lines of network topology)

who owns this action item?

|         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down
|                 what we said at start of process

they should be. we need all of the players on the same team,
otherwise we've failed. i'd specifically recommend disbanding
all ipng wg's.

| We think that there is general consensus about a 16 byte fixed length
|         hierarchical, autoconfigurable address.  Will probe community.
|         If consensus not demonstrated then recommend a BOF in Toronto
|         to address the issue - Dave Clark as BOF chair

we've probed the community and need to put a stake in the ground
with this. the directorate needs to make a *recommendation* here,
handwaving is unacceptable.

there are two positions: 1) since we can address all of the electrons
in the universe, it must be enough. 2) hierarchical routing, network
marriages, and inefficient allocation all break the foundation of
1's argument. i see the split to be damn close to 50/50. we can
ask the world, and it probably won't tilt beyond 40/60 in either
direction. both sides should agree to disagree. i dont know what
the final directorate poll results were, but i'd bet they're some
where in this neighborhood.

that said, i can't possibly see why we'd recommend something that
40% of the engineers believe "might" fail. although 16 bytes
seems like enough to most of us right now, the performance
argument is a crock. the tcp checksum is 3x the size of our send
path in our stack. who cares abt a 10% overhead in header
processing when it's only 25% of the common path? processor
power is climbing through the roof. the biggest counter argument
has been that multimedia apps need more bandwidth. yes, this
is true. however, looking at mosaic on a 386/20 machine, we can
cpu-saturate the system easily. the split? 85% mosaic, 15%
tcp. what does that say? that the app itself is too cpu intensive
to make the transport utilization an issue. if we doubled the
performance of the transport, the app wouldn't be able to
process it...

i urge the directorate to recommend variable length addresses,
profiled for 16 bytes today with an escape hatch tomorrow. we
can all fastpath the 16 byte case for now.

| Major open issues specific to IPng

source routes and eids are all very interesting, but the
goddamn thing doesn't work at all without some pretty
extensive changes to dns (e.g., autoregistration, new
record formats, etc..). how are we going to address this? in
the ipng wg, the autoconfig wg? do we need another one?

my hunch is that the dns issues are ~12 pages of documentation

sorry to sound critical, but in trying to read  this outline as "an
outsider" to the process, it doesn't appear very strong. it feels
very cya-ish. i think we really need to make some strong
recommendations, get everyone on the same page, and
start the engineering effort full tilt. we can't keep asking questions
to which we know there are no single answers. we need to
offer answers to the hard questions.

From jallard@microsoft.com Tue Jul  5 11:10:34 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Tue,  5 Jul 94 11:10:34 TZ
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| But no one on the Directorate or in the IETF has proven that 16bytes are
| not sufficient for 30 years of product generations and the Internet.
| The majority of Directorate members have stated OK to 16bytes.

you're absolutely correct, there is no concrete proof that 16 bytes
is not sufficient today. engineering for the future requires speculation,
not just evidence. if i look at the fixed-width arguments, i'd say that
we could easily prove that 4- or 6-bytes is enough. why 16 then?

evidence is useful for a postemortem of ipv4, which quite seriously
i'm surprised hasn't done at length. i personally attribute the ipv4
problems to classfull addressing, fixed width, poor allocation, lack
of aggregation in general.

i *can* prove that variable length is a superset of fixed length, and
can, should it prove necessary extend the lifetime of ipng in the
future by some factor (unless we hose things some other way). variable
length seems like the way to go. let me share an analogy that you're
probably familiar with to some degree (i'm no expert in this area,
but i believe that these #s/dates are roughly accurate).

ip address width              tv tuner width
----------------              --------------
ipv4: 4 bytes                 1975: 13 channels
ipng: 16 bytes                1985: 36 channels
                              1991: 110 channels

in the 70's, more than 13 channels seemed unthinkable. in '85,
the cable industry had stolen frequencies in broadcast use to
get it up to ~30 channels. today, everyone's tv addresses 110.
was there proof that we'd exceed 100 channels? nope. can
you upgrade the firmware in my $1500 tv today to save me from
having to buy a new tv tommorow? nope. what happens when i
can get more than 110 channels? upgrade. oh, did anyone think in
1991 that tv's would "talk back" to their headends? nope.
we're going to all have to upgrade again.

the cable industry has had to steal frequencies more than
once and tell mfgs how to upgrade their systems. consumers have
had to upgrade their systems to get the extra channels. why?
because there was no proof that it was necessary, and they
didn't take the time to spec out what the "unthinkable" future
might look like so that mfgs could adapt.

while i'm on the tv subject...

a tv "package" used include a tuner, an antenna, a monitor, a
speaker, and a remote control. since these bozo's didn't get
it together, my $1500 tv "package" offers simply a monitor at
the cost of the whole package. i need to get a set top box to
get the tuning, i get cable instead of an antenna, i use my
stereo system instead of the built-in 1.5" speakers, and i
need a universal remote to control the audio and the tuning
since its separate from my tv unit and the tv remote isn't
programmable. why my tv remote can't control a vcr (which
some very large percentage of all new tv buyers have) fails
me. who gets screwed? end-users. who took the easy path?
the tv engineers. had the speculated more, and relied less
on evidence, i'd really get $1500 of value from my tv today.
instead i throw 15% of it's value away and pay someone else
more $$$ to bandaid it.

many of our customers systems' have 5+ year old software running
on them somewhere. we're going to be adding a whole new slew
of technologies to do automatic updates of drivers, etc. to make
the software upgrade process smoother. in our case the transition
to ipng from ipv4 can be made almost entirely automatic on the
hosts (which i speculate will be an order of magnitude more
powerful than the existing pentium-level processors by the
time the first user in production upgrades).

my worry is that ipng to ipnng requires major infrastructural
change. we can't have a flag day today because of the small,
decentralized infrastructure that we have today. imagine when
and if 16 isn't enough what kind of trouble we'll be in. let's
not do this.. if we do, someone else will walk in and bandaid
our mistakes, just like the set top box, cable tv and universal
remote companies did.

i am keeping a printed copy of this message in my safe deposit
box. i warn you that my urge to pull it out and say "i told you
so" if and when things break will be unsurpassed.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Tue Jul  5 08:26:28 1994
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From: Brian Carpenter CERN-CN <brian@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Message-Id: <9407050626.AA01850@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
To: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 1994 08:26:28 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <199407050425.AAA11896@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> from "Allison J Mankin" at Jul 5, 94 00:25:13 am
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Brian says:

>         o -  a new IPng working group be formed 


SHOUT: YOU MUST FIND AT LEAST ONE NON-US RESIDENT!! YOU MUST!!

(even louder: NOT ME!!!)

> 
>         o - a new IPng-specific transition working group be formed 
>                 base document - provided by IPNG wg based on SST

This is TACIT, right?

>         o -  a new EID working group be formed 
>                 using results of BOF in Toronto

Unclear to me. Do you mean that EIDs are part of IPng? From everything
I have seen, I concluded that they are a research topic.

>         
>         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
>                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
>                 questions, connecting all the points,
>                 offering the broadest perspective,
>                 but not making* architectural decisions,
>                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.

Call this job "IPng Reviewer". I had to leave before you finished
this discussion in Chelmsford, but I find the word "architect"
highly unfortunate. In fact the job description makes it clear
this is NOT the architect.
> 
>         o -  IPng address allocation procedures be described in
>                         a document at the earliest possible time
>                 participation from the IAB and IESG  
>                 led by IEPG?  
>                 first distribution of 10% IPng address space 
>                         to regional authorities be within this year
>  

Make it 12.5%, it's a lot easier in binary!


>         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
>                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
>                         and CLNP.
>                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
>                 along the lines of network topology) 

Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
a specifc goal or up-front option.

> 
>         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down 
>                 what we said at start of process

Fudge. SIPP and CATNIP have no reasom to continue. Either TUBA should
shut down, or should be renamed TUNA (TCP and UDP over NSAP
Addresses) and viewed as a coexistence tool to leverage Internet
applications over CLNP infrastructure. Most of the basic TUBA work
matches this approach very well. The less developed parts of TUBA
(flows, multicast,...) could be moved to "historic" status. If you
don't want to encourage this, close it down.
>  
> We think that there is general consensus about a 16 byte fixed length 
>         hierarchical, autoconfigurable address.  Will probe community. 
>         If consensus not demonstrated then recommend a BOF in Toronto 
>         to address the issue - Dave Clark as BOF chair 

I agree there is consensus that this is necessary. Is there consensus that
it is sufficient? I don't think so, certainly not in the Directorate.

  Brian

From huitema@mitsou.inria.fr Tue Jul  5 09:48:01 1994
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To: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Cc: iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, iab@isi.edu
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 1994 00:25:13 EDT."
             <199407050425.AAA11896@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 1994 09:48:01 +0200
From: Christian Huitema <Christian.Huitema@sophia.inria.fr>

=>         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
=>                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
=>                 questions, connecting all the points,
=>                 offering the broadest perspective,
=>                 but not making* architectural decisions,
=>                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.
Alison, Scott,

I have a lot of respect for Dave, but I do believe that this "architectural
review" is right in the charter of the IAB. If the Internet Architecture Board
is not involved in reviewing the design of the next generation Internet
protocol, what is it nominated for? If the only job is to discuss with Jack
Houldsworth, we may as well quit en masse and dissolve the IAB!

We cautiously refused to get involved in the decision process, because their
may be some dispute and we had to play "fair judges". Once the decision is
taken, there is no reason we should not revert to normal procedures. Which
implies that architectural review is indeed the job of the IAB.

Note that I am not willing to exclude anybody from the process. We may very
well ask Dave to lead an external review panel, as Brian suggests.

Christian Huitema


From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Tue Jul  5 07:34:13 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 07:34:13 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407051134.AA16006@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: outline


please be careful in responding to the outline that Allison sent out.
Note that it went to the ipng directorate & to teh IESG.  If you want
your note to only go to the ipng list you need to take care in your reply.
(do send to teh IESG if you want to though)

Scott

From jallard@microsoft.com Tue Jul  5 20:34:40 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Tue,  5 Jul 94 20:34:40 TZ
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| First performance hits on variable addresses are not a 'crock'.

it's not a crock, it's a non issue. 50 instructions on the send path is
trivial given the horsepower of existing and future cpus. really, how
many instructions is it if you fastpath 16-bytes and do the check.
bet it's less than 50.

| It  could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.

the fact that you haven't optimized all of the areas of your
implementation suggest a bogus argument. we've tuned the shit
out of ours, we  can't cut out 50 instructions. it's not a wash, its
more instructions. i don't care though, it's worth it. i recommend
you clean up what you can, and if you save 50 great, if you save
500, better, but it has nothing to do with the argument (other than
to suggest a bogus argument since you didn't clean up your
performance before this discussion came up. performance
must not be **that** important).

| I talked to Scott this weekend and told him I know of several engineers
| and myself who are willing to put out a very direct RFC that states
| exactly why variable addresses 'will' cause a performance loss.

it won't cause a measurable performance loss on a non-saturated
cpu system. where will it cause a loss? aggregate performance on
a server w/ a ton of connections who is not media, or bus bound,
but is cpu bound. it's not an end system issue, it's a server issue.
again, i'm willing to take the hit. every administrator i know throws
tons of $$$ at server metal and would gladly throw more. what they
don't want to do is to touch the goddamn clients - it's too expensive.
they touch the server everyday and have expertise there, they
have idiots at the end systems.

| The issue for variable addresses is cost too.  Any cost needs to be
| justified.  No one has justified variable addresses except that it will
| let us evolve even past 30 years which 16bytes in fact will support.

i don't understand how 16 bytes will allow boeing, who buys
macdonald douglas next year to merge their addressing
hierarchies when one of them used all 16 bytes. next year,
not 30 from now. give me 100% utilization of class a addresses,
and i'll give you 30 years on ipv4 when considering the number
of general purpose desktop computers around.

| IPng will get broken before then for reasons that we don't know that
| have nothing to do with the network layer address IMHO because we will
| have a technology paradigm shift on routers, networking, or operating
| systems.  If this happens all the cost to implement variable addresses
| would have been un-necessary.

the cost of implementing variable length addressing relative to all of
the new baggage which will come w/ ipng (rotuing protocols, server-
less and serverful configuration, dns autoregistration, etc...) is again
trivial. i'll freely write reference code and slap it in an rfc. this is
bogus. the real cost is in education of administration, addressing,
router configuration, etc.. educating the network administrators, or
anyone that needs to know anything abt the address is where the
cost is. the implementors are all smart enough to implement
varlen addresses. most college sophomores are.

| All the successful protocols of past SNA, DECnet, IPX, and yes IPv4 have
| all been fixed length address.  One protocol in the market is variable
| length and its not successful for whatever the reason is and I know its
| not because of CLNP, but its not successful, at least today.

bullshit, no one ever said "thank god my network layer addresses are
fixed". not implementors, not users, not administrators. it saved a tiny
bit on the implementation side, a fair amount on the education side
(e.g., an ip address looks like a.b.c.d), but that's abt it. hell, ask 100
ipx network administrators how long an ipx address is, 98 will say
"duh". the reason ipx succeeded was because they didn't know, not
because they did and they liked that they were fixed. ipv4 is screwed
because people beyond implementors or core operational geeks
know what the address looks like. hey, let's focus on fixing that. now
*there's* a carrot for ipng. it's not like we're promising better performance
with this thing.

| Also mine, Steve Deering, Paul Franics and others have a strong desire
| for Fixed Length addresses unless 16bytes are not enough.  Some even
| still believe 8 bytes are enough.

i believe that i will have a network which will require 1 byte addresses. i
don't want the overhead of 15 unecessary bytes on a link that supports
512 byte datagrams. that reduces my throughput by 3% between two
end systems which aren't close to cpu bound, but are totally network
bound. why can't i use smaller addresses on a flat, non-routed
topology? i think 16 bytes are too many for most situations.

| If some want to change their vote from 16 is OK to ONLY Variable I
| guess its fair.  But if another argument comes about again next Monday
| will I come back from vacation and see its now 23.5 bytes fixed or
| variable with SIPP extended addresses.   We need to make a decision and
| stick with it.

the fixed-width "consensus" announced at the retreat surprised me, and
i'm questioning it. i agree that we need a decision and we need to stick
with it. i see both sides, but i know which implementation covers both
requirements - variable. unfortunately, it doesn't cover your concern
abt end-systemn performance.

do you agree with the following statement:

"variable length addresses the *needs* of the ipng community with the
side affect of minor performance penalty"

we can debate what "minor" is. i want to be clear that this is your only
gripe.

|Or we are going to look very foolish and not say
| anything except we could not reach consensus on the Directorate.  This
| will be old news cause either could the IETF before the Directorate.
| And we would have wasted a year of our life, our companies money, and
| the IETFs time.

agreed. we need to put a stick in the sand.

| My understanding of 16bytes fixed is that was the compromise to reach a
| decision and bascially SIPP did not win but SIPP has more momentum and can
| be used as spring board to move forward with a compromise.  This is how you
| make product decisions that work and are successful or a business decision.

i still dont know where 16 fixed came from. i left chicago thinking 
that everyone
agreed var length based on 4 byte granularity was it, to a max of 56 
bytes. what
i then saw was a ton of big-i yammering and backpeddling from the people who
sketched the header. i didn't see consensus, just more volume to the fixed/var
debate. not a notable shift in position by anyone.

| If 16bytes will not work then I for one will support variable addresses
| as I cannot be part of any idea for fixed >16byte addresses.

i think that's a great compromise :)

| I do not think any single mail message on 1 day should change the
| Directorates present strategy or we are in big trouble.  But if it did
| then let it be.  But I hope this is not the case.  The counter argument
| is that we should not continue to incur costs for IPng until the time
| when a feature is needed.   And will be as eloquently stated as J's mail
| as an opposing position if necessary.

i've been repeating myself on this topic for sometime and hold true to
my position. i don't understand the history behind the fixed 16 "strategy"
which scott and allison communicated for the first time in boston, and
didn't and still don't agree with it.

i can see it now:

"encapsulating 16-byte fixed-length ipng addresses in nsaps
 by peter ford"

wait until people like boeing vote with their $$$ and build clnp
infrastructures to get the routing and they need and tunneling
of ipng because they want a unified infrastructure and hate
fixed length addresses. now *that's* a performance hit. you'd
be amazed at what kind of network performance corporations
will sacrifice to obtain something they deem managable.

listen to eric. he runs a real network that's built on your software.
under most circumstances, i'd say, don't listen to me, i'll build and
sell what eric tells me to sell...  i'd say don't listen to tony, he'll do
the same.  unfortunately, both tony and i have dealt with our
share of erics, and our share of boeings, and know that his
position is not unique and will defend it.

we're in this game to sell software, my employer invests in the ipng
effort in hopes that it will produce an architecture that will meet our
customers needs and reduce our ultimate costs. i personally don't
give two hoots abt fixed vs. variable. if my customers tell me 16-fixed
is fine, i'll shutup. they're not. so, me and tony can fix it ourselves
independent of the effort, or the directorate can take our feedback.
this is not a threat, it's a reality. we do what our customers tell us
to do. we try to base few of our decisions on "what should be
good for 30 years" when our source of revenue suggests
differently, with or without proof.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"



From jallard@microsoft.com Tue Jul  5 20:34:40 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Tue,  5 Jul 94 20:34:40 TZ
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| First performance hits on variable addresses are not a 'crock'.

it's not a crock, it's a non issue. 50 instructions on the send path is
trivial given the horsepower of existing and future cpus. really, how
many instructions is it if you fastpath 16-bytes and do the check.
bet it's less than 50.

| It  could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.

the fact that you haven't optimized all of the areas of your
implementation suggest a bogus argument. we've tuned the shit
out of ours, we  can't cut out 50 instructions. it's not a wash, its
more instructions. i don't care though, it's worth it. i recommend
you clean up what you can, and if you save 50 great, if you save
500, better, but it has nothing to do with the argument (other than
to suggest a bogus argument since you didn't clean up your
performance before this discussion came up. performance
must not be **that** important).

| I talked to Scott this weekend and told him I know of several engineers
| and myself who are willing to put out a very direct RFC that states
| exactly why variable addresses 'will' cause a performance loss.

it won't cause a measurable performance loss on a non-saturated
cpu system. where will it cause a loss? aggregate performance on
a server w/ a ton of connections who is not media, or bus bound,
but is cpu bound. it's not an end system issue, it's a server issue.
again, i'm willing to take the hit. every administrator i know throws
tons of $$$ at server metal and would gladly throw more. what they
don't want to do is to touch the goddamn clients - it's too expensive.
they touch the server everyday and have expertise there, they
have idiots at the end systems.

| The issue for variable addresses is cost too.  Any cost needs to be
| justified.  No one has justified variable addresses except that it will
| let us evolve even past 30 years which 16bytes in fact will support.

i don't understand how 16 bytes will allow boeing, who buys
macdonald douglas next year to merge their addressing
hierarchies when one of them used all 16 bytes. next year,
not 30 from now. give me 100% utilization of class a addresses,
and i'll give you 30 years on ipv4 when considering the number
of general purpose desktop computers around.

| IPng will get broken before then for reasons that we don't know that
| have nothing to do with the network layer address IMHO because we will
| have a technology paradigm shift on routers, networking, or operating
| systems.  If this happens all the cost to implement variable addresses
| would have been un-necessary.

the cost of implementing variable length addressing relative to all of
the new baggage which will come w/ ipng (rotuing protocols, server-
less and serverful configuration, dns autoregistration, etc...) is again
trivial. i'll freely write reference code and slap it in an rfc. this is
bogus. the real cost is in education of administration, addressing,
router configuration, etc.. educating the network administrators, or
anyone that needs to know anything abt the address is where the
cost is. the implementors are all smart enough to implement
varlen addresses. most college sophomores are.

| All the successful protocols of past SNA, DECnet, IPX, and yes IPv4 have
| all been fixed length address.  One protocol in the market is variable
| length and its not successful for whatever the reason is and I know its
| not because of CLNP, but its not successful, at least today.

bullshit, no one ever said "thank god my network layer addresses are
fixed". not implementors, not users, not administrators. it saved a tiny
bit on the implementation side, a fair amount on the education side
(e.g., an ip address looks like a.b.c.d), but that's abt it. hell, ask 100
ipx network administrators how long an ipx address is, 98 will say
"duh". the reason ipx succeeded was because they didn't know, not
because they did and they liked that they were fixed. ipv4 is screwed
because people beyond implementors or core operational geeks
know what the address looks like. hey, let's focus on fixing that. now
*there's* a carrot for ipng. it's not like we're promising better performance
with this thing.

| Also mine, Steve Deering, Paul Franics and others have a strong desire
| for Fixed Length addresses unless 16bytes are not enough.  Some even
| still believe 8 bytes are enough.

i believe that i will have a network which will require 1 byte addresses. i
don't want the overhead of 15 unecessary bytes on a link that supports
512 byte datagrams. that reduces my throughput by 3% between two
end systems which aren't close to cpu bound, but are totally network
bound. why can't i use smaller addresses on a flat, non-routed
topology? i think 16 bytes are too many for most situations.

| If some want to change their vote from 16 is OK to ONLY Variable I
| guess its fair.  But if another argument comes about again next Monday
| will I come back from vacation and see its now 23.5 bytes fixed or
| variable with SIPP extended addresses.   We need to make a decision and
| stick with it.

the fixed-width "consensus" announced at the retreat surprised me, and
i'm questioning it. i agree that we need a decision and we need to stick
with it. i see both sides, but i know which implementation covers both
requirements - variable. unfortunately, it doesn't cover your concern
abt end-systemn performance.

do you agree with the following statement:

"variable length addresses the *needs* of the ipng community with the
side affect of minor performance penalty"

we can debate what "minor" is. i want to be clear that this is your only
gripe.

|Or we are going to look very foolish and not say
| anything except we could not reach consensus on the Directorate.  This
| will be old news cause either could the IETF before the Directorate.
| And we would have wasted a year of our life, our companies money, and
| the IETFs time.

agreed. we need to put a stick in the sand.

| My understanding of 16bytes fixed is that was the compromise to reach a
| decision and bascially SIPP did not win but SIPP has more momentum and can
| be used as spring board to move forward with a compromise.  This is how you
| make product decisions that work and are successful or a business decision.

i still dont know where 16 fixed came from. i left chicago thinking 
that everyone
agreed var length based on 4 byte granularity was it, to a max of 56 
bytes. what
i then saw was a ton of big-i yammering and backpeddling from the people who
sketched the header. i didn't see consensus, just more volume to the fixed/var
debate. not a notable shift in position by anyone.

| If 16bytes will not work then I for one will support variable addresses
| as I cannot be part of any idea for fixed >16byte addresses.

i think that's a great compromise :)

| I do not think any single mail message on 1 day should change the
| Directorates present strategy or we are in big trouble.  But if it did
| then let it be.  But I hope this is not the case.  The counter argument
| is that we should not continue to incur costs for IPng until the time
| when a feature is needed.   And will be as eloquently stated as J's mail
| as an opposing position if necessary.

i've been repeating myself on this topic for sometime and hold true to
my position. i don't understand the history behind the fixed 16 "strategy"
which scott and allison communicated for the first time in boston, and
didn't and still don't agree with it.

i can see it now:

"encapsulating 16-byte fixed-length ipng addresses in nsaps
 by peter ford"

wait until people like boeing vote with their $$$ and build clnp
infrastructures to get the routing and they need and tunneling
of ipng because they want a unified infrastructure and hate
fixed length addresses. now *that's* a performance hit. you'd
be amazed at what kind of network performance corporations
will sacrifice to obtain something they deem managable.

listen to eric. he runs a real network that's built on your software.
under most circumstances, i'd say, don't listen to me, i'll build and
sell what eric tells me to sell...  i'd say don't listen to tony, he'll do
the same.  unfortunately, both tony and i have dealt with our
share of erics, and our share of boeings, and know that his
position is not unique and will defend it.

we're in this game to sell software, my employer invests in the ipng
effort in hopes that it will produce an architecture that will meet our
customers needs and reduce our ultimate costs. i personally don't
give two hoots abt fixed vs. variable. if my customers tell me 16-fixed
is fine, i'll shutup. they're not. so, me and tony can fix it ourselves
independent of the effort, or the directorate can take our feedback.
this is not a threat, it's a reality. we do what our customers tell us
to do. we try to base few of our decisions on "what should be
good for 30 years" when our source of revenue suggests
differently, with or without proof.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"



From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Tue Jul  5 07:56:40 1994
Replied: Tue, 12 Jul 94 01:56:14 -0400
Replied: "Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM> "
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To: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Allison and Scott,


(On the other hand, the danger of Steve and Bob continuing to lead the IPng
group is that *they*, and the community, may get the wrong message; so,
yes, it is a problem.)

Note that even if this is not an issue, the *question* will be an issue:
is this a team, or a World Wrestling Federation lineup?

>        o - a new IPng-specific transition working group be formed
>                base document - provided by IPNG wg based on SST

I agree with Brian that this is either TACIT, or there should be some
explicit reason why not.  It is possible that adding Bob G. (or Erik N.?)
to the TACIT chair-ship would make sense.

>        o -  a new EID working group be formed
>                using results of BOF in Toronto

Again, like Brian, i (biased as i am) feel that EID is still "out there".
I think the IPng directors/directorate would be doing "good" to say this
"in no uncertain terms".

>        o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
>                job description:  asking the exhaustive
>                questions, connecting all the points,
>                offering the broadest perspective,
>                but not making* architectural decisions,
>                that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.

Good.

>        o -  specific efforts be undertaken to establish an IPng security
>                        framework as the standard practice
>                authentication header is very important
>                default case encryption is very important

Where is the key distribution mechanism?  I *agree* that this is important.
However, i'm not sure how much content there is to the statement you are
making (given how far we are away from a fully functioning system).
Something that says "here's approximately what is going to plug in to make
a real security system, and here are the facilities in IPng to facilitate a
real security system" (or, here's where the facilities in IPng will be, and
the task at hand is to firm up what and where).

>        o -  IPng address allocation procedures be described in
>                        a document at the earliest possible time
>                participation from the IAB and IESG
>                led by IEPG?
>                first distribution of 10% IPng address space
>                        to regional authorities be within this year

OK.  The main objection i have to your entire outline is that, to me,
Toronto is the convergence of all the tributaries into one river.  But, we
still have to break all the way through to the ocean.  Remember my list of
warts?  There is still a lot of work to be done.  Now, at least, we are all
pursuing that work within one river.

I said the other day "3 years".  Maybe i'm being a bit pessimistic, but i
doubt very.  I think that if the sense "it's in the can, and just needs the
final edit" is given, we are making a mistake.

I think, basically, that the thrust of the decision is that we've decided
on the *culture* of IPng (header format, address format[s]).  Now, we need
to figure out the details (i think all the questions of TTL, max packet
size, etc., are going to come up again, NOW within the context of IPng; i'm
not *wild* about this idea, but i think it is just going to happen).

So, i think you need to, in the presentation, make vague guesses about when
we will be at various stages of the project (first cut spec, first
prototypes, last cut spec, "ship code", prevalence of code in the installed
base, etc.).  And, you need to tie your projections into the ALE numbers,
so we (and the world!) can see the new oxygen will arrive before, or after,
the old stuff has totally run out.

*If* there is an initial allocation, it should be clearly defined to be for
prototyping, experimentation, and interoperation activities only.

>        o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down
>                what we said at start of process

I agree with Brian.  CATNIP and SIPP should be excused, with thanks.  TUBA
is no longer of the IPng area, but certainly has a role as "how to make the
CLNP internet better".

Penultimately, i think you need to lay out, in some detail, how IPng
impacts other areas of the IETF.  When and where is the RIPng going to
happen?  OSPFng?  Should mobile-ip stop and refocus on IPng?

Finally, there needs to be *some* discussion of APIs, in particular sockets
(i think if someone "does" sockets, Winsock, being already better
organized, will just fall out).  You need to take a position, clarity ("I
dreamed i saw Ray Noorda last night, in charge as you and me; says i, but
Ray, what should we decide?  Clarity, says he, clarity, says he..." - i
always have odd dreams on the e. coast).

Greg



From rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com Tue Jul  5 11:10:24 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 11:10:24 EDT
From: rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com (Ross Callon)
Message-Id: <9407051510.AA26531@pobox.wellfleet>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu
Subject: Re:  so far



	Ross is out of town & I managed to forget Lixia & Rob the 1st time,
	Lixia fought through the slight but since Rob's mail was bouncing this
	will be the 1st time he sees this.  

	Scott

	Peter suggested that we do a straw poll of the directorate about 16 byte
	fixed length addresses being acceptable for IPng (in the context of
	the revised SIPP proposal and ones own understanding of the 'real world'
	both technical and political.)  That seems like a good idea so here it is

			too much	ok	should be variable
	Ross Callon                      X

Well I am back now (although a bit buried until Thursday 
with other things). I think that 16 byte fixed length 
addresses are fine. 

Ross

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Tue Jul  5 08:21:28 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 08:21:28 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407051521.AA24694@atc.boeing.com>
To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re:  Mail to Each WG List

Dear Allison and Scott,

I am concerned about your proposed posting about address length.  This
has already been debated on the lists to which you intend to send your
message.  What I expect to see if you send this query is the strong,
outspoken ravings of a small minority with an occasional put from others.

It is my belief that the TECHNICAL input on this topic has already been
expressed.  All this new query will accomplish is to restart the "Goebels
'if you shout anything long enough they will believe it'" type of rantings
of which I for one have grown quite weary.  Certainly I don't expect to
post anything since I have already said my piece.  Ditto for many, many
others.

Thus, if you wish to illicet technical imput from this query then it has
already happened.  If you wish to illicet a rough feeling of consensus
then it has already happened.  Thus, all you can expect to achieve is to
reopen the topic to minority ranters.

--Eric Fleischman

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Tue Jul  5 08:38:07 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 08:38:07 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407051538.AA26352@atc.boeing.com>
To: bound@zk3.dec.com, jcurran@nic.near.net
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597
Cc: Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com, dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU,
        ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, yakov@watson.ibm.com

>use of IP addresses by folks who think that they "know better".  If the 
>IETF formally tries to eliminate "private" network addressing, then industry
>will respond in force.

Dear John,

I confess that I am a bit murky in my thinking today (probably too many
fireworks last night).  However, I don't understand what you meant when
you said that "industry will respond in force".  What I think we have been
seeing is that Industry wants local addresses for IPv4 for a variety of
reasons.  What the RFC does is to begin to constrain which network numbers
are used for that purpose so that we hopefully will eventually have fewer 
instances of Company X using Company Y's addresses as their local addresses.

Regardless of what the anti-local address segment of our community wants,
Industry will continue to use local addresses to satisfy their itches which
those who "know better" have not been able to satisfy.  However, what does 
"force" have to do with it?  There is nothing the IETF can really do to stop 
Industry from addressing their private nets as they see fit -- unless and 
until those nets are connected to the Internet and only then within those 
networks which are known to "the outside world".  

--Eric

From bound@zk3.dec.com Tue Jul  5 11:46:29 1994
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To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Mail to Each WG List 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 08:21:28 PDT."
             <9407051521.AA24694@atc.boeing.com> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 11:46:29 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Allison and Scott,

>Thus, if you wish to illicet technical imput from this query then it has
>already happened.  If you wish to illicet a rough feeling of consensus
>then it has already happened.  Thus, all you can expect to achieve is to
>reopen the topic to minority ranters.

In the bowels of my stomach this past weekend I have to say I agree with
Eric.  Sorry but I really really do.  I think this has been discussed.

/jim

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Tue Jul  5 08:56:32 1994
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From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407051556.AA28716@atc.boeing.com>
To: bound@zk3.dec.com, yakov@watson.ibm.com
Subject: Re: one size fits all (fwd)
Cc: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu

>We have hands on folks willing to discuss this openly on SIPP list.  These
>are people who have done more code with IPng than anyother WG in the
>IETF.

Dear Jim,

I think that your comment above was probably written in haste.  I doubt if
you really meant to say that SIPP WG did more IPng code than the TUBA WG.
If so, then I must express surprise.  It has been my impression that BOTH
WGs had done extensive amounts of implementation of their specs.  It is
not clear at all to me which WG has done MORE work on code, but it is
clear to me which WG LIST has had the better discussions the past half
a year (or longer; i.e., SIPP), which was the key point you were making.  

I understand what you are saying about the imporance of learning practical
lessons by hands-on coding and experimentation.  However, I also am concerned
that IPng must be solved on many dimensions as per Yakov's comments.  We
really need all of our communities to come to a consensus, and this implies
including the architects within the consensus too.  I state this because
no IPng WG is likely to do experimentation with a large enough body to
find the type of problems which seem to constantly bite us as we try to
deploy technologies like this.  As Dave Crocker has been wont to say:  it is
scale which worries me.  On the other hand, if we permit your function to
operate then my function is saved all kinds of grief.  

Key point:   we're all in this together.  
Bottom line: I am very grateful for your excellent work on IPng and don't 
             want you to be hindered.  Thank you for your efforts.

Sincerely yours,

--Eric Fleischman

From Bob.Hinden@Eng.Sun.COM Tue Jul  5 09:03:36 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 1994 09:03:36 -0700
From: Bob.Hinden@Eng.Sun.COM (Bob Hinden)
Message-Id: <9407051603.AA24412@jurassic.Eng.Sun.COM>
To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, jcurran@nic.near.net, Bob.Hinden@Eng.Sun.COM,
        dcrocker@Mordor.Stanford.EDU, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        peter@goshawk.lanl.gov, yakov@watson.ibm.com
In-Reply-To: <9407051538.AA26352@atc.boeing.com>
Subject: Re: RFC 1627 : Issues about RFC 1597

Eric,

 > Regardless of what the anti-local address segment of our community wants,
 > Industry will continue to use local addresses to satisfy their itches which
 > those who "know better" have not been able to satisfy.  However, what does 
 > "force" have to do with it?  There is nothing the IETF can really do to stop
 > Industry from addressing their private nets as they see fit -- unless and 
 > until those nets are connected to the Internet and only then within those 
 > networks which are known to "the outside world".  

Some parts of industry have discovered the hard way that while local use
addresses are easier to obtain in the short term, when organizations
change/merger/etc it can become extremely expensive to renumber a large
organization.  To me this is a short term vs. long term issue.

The good news here is that I think IPng will provide automatic generation
of local and global addresses (via embedded MAC addresses and global
prefix discovery) that will make this an non-issue in the future.  This
should go in the "carrot" column for IPng.

Bob


From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Tue Jul  5 12:43:40 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>, iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US,
        ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 08:26:28 +0200."
             <9407050626.AA01850@dxcoms.cern.ch> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 12:43:40 -0400
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=> 
=>         o - a new IPng-specific transition working group be formed 
=>                 base document - provided by IPNG wg based on SST

>This is TACIT, right?

I think this is a good idea.  Asking Bob Gilligan to be part of this
as another co-chair with Atul and Geoff would be a good idea IMHO.

=>         o -  a new EID working group be formed 
=>                 using results of BOF in Toronto

>Unclear to me. Do you mean that EIDs are part of IPng? From everything
>I have seen, I concluded that they are a research topic.

As one who has been beating this into the ground I agree with Brian that
consensus seems to be EIDs are not defined and really a research topic.
Hence, I give in and accept this Directorate consensus.  But on both the
SIPP and Big-I lists this has been a discussion where most seem to want
to move forward with EIDs from my reading.  The issues are:

 - It changes the essential IP network layer model (EIDs and Locators).
 - Internet scalability would be very hard to verify with present data.
 - Unclear what / how Multicast is used (by me anyway).
 - Unknown affect to anyones Transition strategy for 'paying customers'
   or the 'Internet' who will migrate to IPng.
 - It could delay the start of building product-integrated (as opposed
   to just prototypes, which also could be delayed) implementations for IPng.

There will be a BOF on this at Toronto and a draft shortly for
discussion fyi, which is separate from NIMROD.

=>         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
=>                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
=>                         and CLNP.
=>                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
=>                 along the lines of network topology) 

>Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
>a specifc goal or up-front option.

This is still not part of the formal list of IPng requirements, but
clearly a real world requirement.  But it should not be done at the cost 
of making IPng less than it could be technically or architecturally. For
IPX it fits well in 16bytes for NSAPs its not as easy and we need an
algorithmic mapping for 16bytes that spans different NSAP uses today.  
This also could be opening up pandoras box, with the only real answer 
encapsulaltion within IPng.

I also think a clear defined statement of what convergence means is
required (or transition):

  -  Does this mean my host must now look at a format bit to determine
     if I received a packet other than IPv4 or IPng?  Or just that
     hosts that want to receive non-IETF defined packets 'MAY' do so if
     they want to?  

     One of the caveats when my company decided to pay the expenses and
     let me work full time on IPng and with the IETF was that if the
     IETF selected more than one protocol for IPng I would have to walk
     away from the Directorate.  I don't think that is happening but I
     also don't want to see that happen indirectly either, not only for
     my company for all compaines that build IPv4 and soon IPng
     products.   If 'paying customers' (as opposed to standards bodies,
     agencies, or whoever) want us to transition their other network
     protocols to IPng (besides IPv4) I am sure we will do it.  

  -  Is this only for the routing hierarchy so non-IETF defined packets
     can be used on the Internet?

I think a strategy that supports non-IETF protocols to traverse and use
the Internet is a prudent design objective for IPng.   But, I am unclear
by what means to reach that objective and what are the requirements.
This would be a lot of work to figure out and we must ask ourselves should it 
hold up making some basic technical decisions about IPng so implementors can 
start building running code for IPng that is at least in wet-conrete form for
the header and address.  

=> 
=>         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down 
=>                 what we said at start of process

>Fudge. SIPP and CATNIP have no reasom to continue. Either TUBA should
>shut down, or should be renamed TUNA (TCP and UDP over NSAP
>Addresses) and viewed as a coexistence tool to leverage Internet
>applications over CLNP infrastructure. Most of the basic TUBA work
>matches this approach very well. The less developed parts of TUBA
>(flows, multicast,...) could be moved to "historic" status. If you
>don't want to encourage this, close it down.

I think all working groups today should go away and there be just one IPng
set of working groups.  Regarding TUBA continuing to work on CLNP for the
Internet with IPng (and IPv4 for that matter) should happen, but not under 
the auspices of IPng.  Many of us believe that if CLNP is not the IPng 
selection then any major changes to the CLNP packet needs to be analyzed 
very closely for market reasons.  There has been a significant investment in 
CLNP without a significant return on investment.  Leaving TUBA as part of 
IPng could send the wrong message to the market and to non-IETF standards 
bodies.  This is a critical decision for IPng and the IESG.

=>  
=> We think that there is general consensus about a 16 byte fixed length 
=>         hierarchical, autoconfigurable address.  Will probe community. 
=>         If consensus not demonstrated then recommend a BOF in Toronto 
=>         to address the issue - Dave Clark as BOF chair 

>I agree there is consensus that this is necessary. Is there consensus that
>it is sufficient? I don't think so, certainly not in the Directorate.

But no one on the Directorate or in the IETF has proven that 16bytes are
not sufficient for 30 years of product generations and the Internet.
The majority of Directorate members have stated OK to 16bytes.

/jim


From ericf@atc.boeing.com Tue Jul  5 09:43:46 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 09:43:46 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407051643.AA04983@atc.boeing.com>
To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re:  Directorate update

Dear Scott and Allison,

I spent a great deal of time on my initial review which I submitted within
the pre-Big 10 timeframe as requested.  Of course, I have modified my
perspective with new info since then, but not significantly.  I don't
have time to update my review.  So I want my initial review to stand
with the original date.  Thanks much.

--Eric Fleischman

From mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil Tue Jul  5 13:22:03 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 1994 13:22:03 -0400
From: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Message-Id: <199407051722.NAA12803@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: AGAIN, about responding to the OUTLINE


Be aware and only send to the IESG cc if you want
to include the IESG in your comments in realtime

Allison

From bound@zk3.dec.com Tue Jul  5 13:42:24 1994
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To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, yakov@watson.ibm.com, Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch,
        ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu
Subject: Re: one size fits all (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 08:56:32 PDT."
             <9407051556.AA28716@atc.boeing.com> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 13:42:24 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Eric,

My comment assumed most working on CLNP have just used existing OSI
stacks as in our case DECnet/OSI.  All we did was add a transport
interface, alter the sockets structures, and fake out an API for Telnet
and FTP (which we just stopped).  Core parts of IPng using CLNP are in a 
very infant stage to even begin investing in changing the lower layers of 
TUBA based on the state of IPng we feel will change from IPv4 whether
TUBA had been selected or not such as:

  - Multicast
  - Autoconfiguration (doing more than OSI does toay)
  - Encapsulation (no clear specs from TUBA on how to do this)
  - APIs (no API defined but we built one anyway)
  - Flow ID affect on the host kernel.
  - Path MTU affect on the host kernel.
  - Checksum removal at the network layer.
  - New Internet Fragmentation / Reassembly Model.
  - BIND Autoregistration (I know its nto a requirement but important)
  - Source Routing affect on the host.

With SIPP we have really experimented with a new model for IPng and it
required a lot more code to do those experiements.  I agree with you it
states nothing for scalability, but has taught us a great deal about
many of the core IPng hot buttons such as new address format, source
routing, autoconfiguration, systems discovery, transition, and
interfacing to the applications environment.  TUBA has not produced the
kinds of specifications or mail list discussions to foster a 'can do'
implementation momentum at least in our work.  We essentially built the
DNS records and tested against the NIST Telnet implementation, we have
had to do much more testing with SIPP.  Telnet with TUBA just proves its
possible to accept an IPng packet into an application, and for me thats
not enough.  The momentum of the working group did not cause us to do
more.  Also we never saw a response to Radia Perlmans request for an
answer or to Peter Fords memo about taking over CLNP in the IETF and
knowing we actually had to change CLNP as is today.  I would say from
our historical perspective we lost a bit of faith at that point in
time.

Much of this is because of the assumption that because an OSI stack
exists that means TUBA would be easier to build.  This is wrong and what
folks need to understand.  If you recall my Host internet draft with all
the parts on a Host IPng will affect its quite staggering.  Those parts
need tecHnical investigation at the host kernel level (a very difficult
and complex place to do software engineering) and having an OSI stack
does not alleviate much of that burden, unless you believe that the
Internet and customers can completely transition with a dual stack
without any API updates, encapsulation, performance enhancements in the
kernel to name just a few.  SIPP has caused us as engineers to
re-ivestigate the IPv4 model and architecture in host kernels.  TUBA has
not done that simply because it was not really discussed and too many
assumptions were made about the existing OSI stack.  I can't give you
an exact reason other than what I stated, but this is not just me but
my team.

I hope this clarifies the comment as it was not stated to belittle or to
offend any efforts by TUBA.  

I agree with you about the need for cosensus with the architects.  But
architecture needs to be tested before final decisions to build products
are made or failure could be a real possiblility for the products you
will get at Boeing as an example.  The way I have been approaching this
work is to actually look at the code for the existing architecture and
then project the ideas for a new architecture into a Host paradigm. This
has been predominantly a BSD paradigm but we are looking at DOS, Linix,
BSDi-Net/2, VMS, OSF/1, SunOS, NT, Mach, and UNIX Microkernel work too.  
We have several source pools for IPng not just OSF/1 which is our
predominant OS advanced development OS.  

SIPP host kernel public domain code is also more abundant too.

Don't get me wrong we put a good 4 man months of code into to TUBA it
was just more extensive for SIPP who had a lot more specs to work with
and mail list technical discussion to cause the creative juices to flow
in us as engineers to keep investigating IPng ideas for a host.  We even
built a SIPP route cache analyzer based on some concerns John Curran has
about ICMP messages and shutting them off if necessary and what the
affect could be (John - talk to Alex Conta about this ICMP issue in
Toronto if you get a chance).  

For SIPP we have build a protocol engine.  Yes we have an OSI protocol
engine, but not one for IPng.  The TUBA effort for some reason did not
entice the work to build a CLNP-Protocol engine for IPng.  

The sad part is that we have now stopped all prototype work and are
taking this breather to review the specs more closely and continue to
learn the affect of changing the host paradigm for IPng and the code
base points of transition to a very fine level of granularity.  

I also have been semi-successful to set up a firewall based on our IP
product for SIPP for Internet testing.  

I also understand you need to go to a high level to get things started
architecturally and not hang out at the bits and bytes.  For what its
worth I was and am doing this with EIDs and Locators and using my
colleagues as a logic check peroidically.  I will add I felt I got beat
to death on the Directorate about EIDs mostly because of the detail
issues, being who I am and where I am coming from I have no problem
with this and was not personally offended.    

I am glad you appreciate my work it has been and will continue to be a
lot of work.  I also think you should know that 'all' your mail (and
Brian's) was carefully read by any engineer working on this prototype to
help us keep a reality check on the work and also to stimulate us to think
like folks who are really going to use this stuff to name just two
reasons we have read yours and Brian's mail as part of our development
strategy.  FYI ... I now have our Internal network folks who manage our
very large IP network looking at IPng as operators.  They have all ready
told me they want 'security' and BIND 'autoregistration' at our end.

Above I mentioned the word Team.  I view us (Directorate) as a Team.
The only time I will never go along with any team is if they ask me to
stuff too much feces in my throat for political reasons.  I can only do
that in very small chunks.  So far we have not had to deal with it
hardly at all, which is good and I appreciate Scott and Allison trying
to keep it at a minimum.  I fear this convergence issue and consensus
at present could change that but I hope not.  I hope we do the right
technical thing for IPv4 and IPng first and then worry about the rest of
the world is my bias.  But I will support the Teams technical strategy
and input where I can.

I hope this helps you understand better my previous mail and why I said
what I did.

/jim


From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Tue Jul  5 13:52:15 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 13:52:15 EDT
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From: yakov@watson.ibm.com
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Subject:  IPng outline...
Message-ID:  <9407051351.aa15133@CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

Jim,

>The majority of Directorate members have stated OK to 16 bytes.

Two questions:

1.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast addresses (provided that
    there is no distiction between "locator" and EID), or 16 bytes
    multicast addresses, or 16 bytes cluster addresses, or all of the
    above ?

2.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast "locators", if there would
    be a distinction between "locators" and EIDs ?

Yakov.

From bound@zk3.dec.com Tue Jul  5 14:35:30 1994
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To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, iesg@cnri.reston.va.us
Subject: Re: IPng outline... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 13:52:15 EDT."
             <199407051752.NAA18586@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 14:35:30 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Yakov,

Scott and Allison can send you the proposed question which did not have
anything about EIDs and Locators in them. 

My reading is that I am the only Directorate member that thought EIDs and
Locators should be part of the IPng decision, which means taking the
risks and changing the present IP routing model.  I give up being that kind
of minority, to the wisdom of my colleagues, who have articulated well
that this work is in research mode and is even hard to discuss technically,
or to understand the scalability using such a paradigm on the Internet.

If we had decided to use EIDs and Locators for IPng now there is no way
IPng could be at a point in Toronto to state to the world we are ready
to begin implementing IPng.  It does cause a technical hick-up and a new
variable to be figured out in the IPng equation.  This may not be
acceptable to the IETF or the market.  I don't have an answer
to that question.  I will say if we don't have some answers at Toronto
the implementors are going to walk away from IPng for the time being and
I think is not good at all.  We will loose the momentum of the
implementors from CATNIP, TUBA, and SIPP.  The implementors should leave
Toronto from a single focused IPng Working Group with at least a
header spec and address to tweek their code base.  Having TUBA, SIPP,
and CATNIP meet in Toronto individaully is using up at least 15 man
hours where all the brains could be in the same IPng working group. 

But the logistics and admin work to figure this out now would be
horrific and probably cause a nervous breakdown for those trying to
organize this.  

/jim


From craig@aland.bbn.com Tue Jul  5 14:09:59 1994
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To: bound@zk3.dec.com
Cc: craig@aland.bbn.com, kasten@ftp.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: IPng Reqs : Ack Issue (CORRECTED DIST LIST) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Sun, 03 Jul 94 09:27:50 -0400.
             <9407031327.AA25664@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> 
From: Craig Partridge <craig@aland.bbn.com>
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 14:09:59 -0700
Sender: craig@aland.bbn.com


Hi Jim:

    I apologize for the acknowledgements goof.  I'll take full responsibility
since I was the last person to read the draft.  We just failed to update
the ACKs from earlier drafts.

    It was absolutely an error.  Frank and I try very hard to give credit
where credit is due and certainly the directorate deserves plenty of it.
There's time to fix this before the draft becomes an RFC and we will.
(In fact, we might consider issuing a slightly revised draft in the next week
or so -- we apparently bungled in some of our attempts to answer Ran Atkinson's
concerns about security -- this now gives us two goofs to fix).

    Frank -- do you have a few hours in the next two weeks?  (I'm actually
in my office for two consecutive weeks this month -- first time since 
April and it may not happen again until November).

Craig

PS: I don't believe in the old boy stuff -- good folks deserve credit
regardless of when they join the net.

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Tue Jul  5 14:13:35 1994
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Date: Tue, 5 Jul 94 14:13:35 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407052113.AA17626@atc.boeing.com>
To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Concern
Cc: ericf

Dear Scott and Allison,

I feel very much "out of the loop" and poorly informed partially due to my 
missing the retreat.  However, This feeling has been heightened by recent 
Directorate member statements which surprised me greatly, particularly 
Steve Bellovin's very strong comments effectively "demanding" variable 
length addressing, Brian Carpenter's many recent comments about NSAP-
mapping requirements for IPng and a desire for variable length extensions 
to the addresses, and J Allard's comments below.  In each case the 
strength of their statements took me by surprise and made me think that my 
own fondness for variable length addressing was perhaps THE consensus 
position of the IPng Directorate after all and thus are still a viable 
possibility to recommend for our community as a whole.

I was also surprised to read things in your recent proposed recommendations 
which made me think that you are recommending "SIPP as defined with 16 byte 
Addresses is our selection" rather than the SIPP-*based* solution which had 
technical elements from the other WGs which I would have prefered.  Also, 
you have now apparently bound SST into your decision when you had consistently 
stated that transition was to be decoupled from the IPng selection.  Needless 
to say, all this makes me feel VERY uncomfortable.  I suspect that other 
Directorate members may be feeling somewhat similarly and thus would be 
grateful if we could all discuss this more fully at the next Teleconference.

In any case, I very much want Steve Bellovin's, Brian Carpenter's and
ESPECIALLY J Allard's comments below to be addressed by the IPng Directorate.
In my mind, it seems to me that you have received STRONG PUSH-BACK against 
your proposed recommendations by these three individuals.  Furthermore, I 
find strong resonance within myself for important aspects their arguments. 
Certainly, I wish to publically state that I fully support Brian Carpenter's 
two statements regarding the requirement for NSAPA mappings and the need for 
variable length extensions to the 16 byte addresses.  

I believe that the consensus position within the IPng Directorate is in
favor of variable length addresses.  I suggest a new poll be conducted
to verify this statement and that your decision be ammended to reflect 
our actual consensus position.  Let's poll the following text:

    "Do you favor an IPng addressing approach which defines an initial
     fixed-length 16 byte address deployment within a variable length 
     addressing schema.  The maximum address size shall be 32 bytes long 
     with 8 byte address granularities."

I realize that you must expeditiously make a decision.  However, I urge
you to please not make a decision until these Directorate members' 
concerns have been adequately addressed.  I am particularly concerned 
that J Allard's comments are diametrically opposed to what I thought 
the end-system vendor perspective on fixed-vs-variable length 
addresses was.  After all, the ES vendors are the ONLY community 
which did not PREFER variable length addresses (that I am aware of, at 
least).  If the arguments which we have heard from them are bogus (as J 
Allard seems to imply) then this indeed is of the upmost importance for 
your ultimate decision.  Or perhaps maybe J has not considered the 
viewpoint of the "intelligent adapter" makers?  In any case, I am
concerned that J's posting is at such variance from his community's 
viewpoint.  At the very least it makes me conclude that your IPng Outline
currently has less internal IPng Directorate support than I would have
expected.

Sincerely yours,

--Eric Fleischman

>From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
>To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
>Subject: RE: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
...
>that said, i can't possibly see why we'd recommend something that
>40% of the engineers believe "might" fail. although 16 bytes
>seems like enough to most of us right now, the performance
>argument is a crock. the tcp checksum is 3x the size of our send
>path in our stack. who cares abt a 10% overhead in header
>processing when it's only 25% of the common path? processor
>power is climbing through the roof. the biggest counter argument
>has been that multimedia apps need more bandwidth. yes, this
>is true. however, looking at mosaic on a 386/20 machine, we can
>cpu-saturate the system easily. the split? 85% mosaic, 15%
>tcp. what does that say? that the app itself is too cpu intensive
>to make the transport utilization an issue. if we doubled the
>performance of the transport, the app wouldn't be able to
>process it...
>
>i urge the directorate to recommend variable length addresses,
>profiled for 16 bytes today with an escape hatch tomorrow. we
>can all fastpath the 16 byte case for now.

From bound@zk3.dec.com Tue Jul  5 18:05:29 1994
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From: bound@zk3.dec.com
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To: Craig Partridge <craig@aland.bbn.com>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, kasten@ftp.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: IPng Reqs : Ack Issue (CORRECTED DIST LIST) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 14:09:59 PDT."
             <199407052110.OAA02041@aland.bbn.com> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 18:05:29 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Craig,

Thanks.  That was a very hard msg for me to hit the send key on as I do
have respect for you and Frank as folks who seem to have a good
perspective and did a good job on the IPng requirements.

Sorry about the good ole boy stuff that was emotion from other stuff in
the IETF that has nothing to do with this work and I am sorry now I let
it get the better of me in that mail.

I am really looking forward to taking vacation and just not seeing mail
for awhile.  I had no idea how much mail went on in the IETF and how
much reading it takes to keep up with all of it.  Two engineers where I
work told me I should teach an internal seminar regarding my strategy to
keep up with IPng mail lists and other work too.  I told them you just
give up your hobbies, devote your life to the company and the IETF, and 
stay single or have a very understanding family.  Its not that bad but
with in that proximity.

Another reason I think we need an IPng decision is that folks cannot
keep up this pace, we need a milestone reached to restore our faith and
to recharge our energy cells that we are moving forward.

take care and thanks again,
/jim


From bound@zk3.dec.com Tue Jul  5 18:40:47 1994
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To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 14:13:35 PDT."
             <9407052113.AA17626@atc.boeing.com> 
Date: Tue, 05 Jul 94 18:40:47 -0400
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Eric,

Well I was not going to respond to J's mail but I guess I have to now.

First performance hits on variable addresses are not a 'crock'.  It
could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.  I
talked to Scott this weekend and told him I know of several engineers
and myself who are willing to put out a very direct RFC that states
exactly why variable addresses 'will' cause a performance loss.  This
document will do nothing to help consensus and its better it not be done
for right now.  OK I agree. 

The issue for variable addresses is cost too.  Any cost needs to be
justified.  No one has justified variable addresses except that it will
let us evolve even past 30 years which 16bytes in fact will support.
IPng will get broken before then for reasons that we don't know that
have nothing to do with the network layer address IMHO because we will
have a technology paradigm shift on routers, networking, or operating
systems.  If this happens all the cost to implement variable addresses
would have been un-necessary.  This argument is as valid as stating that
variable addresses will take us into the future of Deep Space Nine and
16bytes won't.  No 16bytes will not last for infinity and we cannot
probably identify the asymtope its limit will approach, but many of us
believe it will last us 30 years which is OK for a networking protocol.

All the successful protocols of past SNA, DECnet, IPX, and yes IPv4 have
all been fixed length address.  One protocol in the market is variable
length and its not successful for whatever the reason is and I know its
not because of CLNP, but its not successful, at least today.

Also CLNP is really 20bytes fixed in any set of requirements and its
variable within the 20 bytes.  So even its authors used a bounded
strategy for CLNP for real implementations.

Also mine, Steve Deering, Paul Franics and others have a strong desire
for Fixed Length addresses unless 16bytes are not enough.  Some even
still believe 8 bytes are enough.  

If some want to change their vote from 16 is OK to ONLY Variable I
guess its fair.  But if another argument comes about again next Monday
will I come back from vacation and see its now 23.5 bytes fixed or
variable with SIPP extended addresses.   We need to make a decision and
stick with it.  Or we are going to look very foolish and not say
anything except we could not reach consensus on the Directorate.  This
will be old news cause either could the IETF before the Directorate.
And we would have wasted a year of our life, our companies money, and 
the IETFs time.

My understanding of 16bytes fixed is that was the compromise to reach a
decision and bascially SIPP did not win but SIPP has more momentum and can 
be used as spring board to move forward with a compromise.  This is how you 
make product decisions that work and are successful or a business decision.  
Now to make it politically correct we will call this new effort the IPng
Working Group.  This is what I thought was going down and I also think
it will work.

If 16bytes will not work then I for one will support variable addresses
as I cannot be part of any idea for fixed >16byte addresses.  

I was trying to come up with a better compromise before the Chicago
retreat.  That was fixed length 8byte identifiers and variable length
routing sequence mabye as a source route.  Yes I believe 8bytes is
plenty to do autoconfiguration and provide globally unique addresses for
any private network and the Internet.  Plus it will work very well for 
Mobile and Renumbering addresses in sites as that seems to be a general 
concern.  And yes it can be supported by DNS too.  on and on and on.
But that will break other stuff right and needs much more work.

I do not think any single mail message on 1 day should change the
Directorates present strategy or we are in big trouble.  But if it did
then let it be.  But I hope this is not the case.  The counter argument
is that we should not continue to incur costs for IPng until the time
when a feature is needed.   And will be as eloquently stated as J's mail
as an opposing position if necessary.  

/jim


From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Wed Jul  6 00:04:09 1994
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From: Mark Knopper <mak@aads.net>
Message-Id: <199407060404.AAA08595@aads.net>
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
To: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Date: Wed, 6 Jul 1994 00:04:09 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <199407050425.AAA11896@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> from "Allison J Mankin" at Jul 5, 94 00:25:13 am
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I would like to see what the reactions were to the Big Ten protocol
draft that has been circulated on this list, before we say that we
are starting from the SIPP spec. I understand this is being released
as an Internet Draft this week. I was not able to attend the second
Ipng retreat but I am still confused about what happened to eliminate
the consensus that we had rather strongly at the Big Ten meeting.

I am not sure that I see how there is consensus on the 16 byte
fixed length address. The "poll" among the IPng directorate was
close to 50/50. J. Allard's note pretty much expressed my view on this.

The process outlined here is very good, creating an IPng working group
to further develop and refine the single IPng protocol.  Presumably the
major open issues list will appear on the charter of this working group?

	Mark


> 
> For your review, as we discussed, an outline of the
> current state of the Toronto recommendations on IPng 
> 
> -------
> A Direction for IPNG (Outline)
>  
> IPng ADs will recommend that: 
>  
>         o -  a new IPng working group be formed 
>                 short-term milestones for the proposed standards for IPng
>                                 (by next IETF)
>                         major points to resolve in last bullet below
>                         IPng BOF meeting twice in Toronto
>                 
>         o - the working group take as its base documents
>                 the forthcoming SIPP draft ( SIPP with 16 byte addresses) 
>                 SST outline
> 
>         o -  all references to SIPP (other than in acknowledgment sections)
>                 replaced by IPng
> 
>         o - a new IPng-specific transition working group be formed 
>                 base document - provided by IPNG wg based on SST
>  
>         o -  a new IPng autoconfiguration working group be formed 
>                 base document - draft from Sue Thompson & Dave Katz 
>  
>         o -  a new EID working group be formed 
>                 using results of BOF in Toronto
>         
>         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
>                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
>                 questions, connecting all the points,
>                 offering the broadest perspective,
>                 but not making* architectural decisions,
>                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.
> 
>         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to establish an IPng security 
>                         framework as the standard practice
>                 authentication header is very important
>                 default case encryption is very important
> 
>         o -  IPng address allocation procedures be described in
>                         a document at the earliest possible time
>                 participation from the IAB and IESG  
>                 led by IEPG?  
>                 first distribution of 10% IPng address space 
>                         to regional authorities be within this year
>  
>         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
>                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
>                         and CLNP.
>                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
>                 along the lines of network topology) 
> 
>         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down 
>                 what we said at start of process
>  
> We think that there is general consensus about a 16 byte fixed length 
>         hierarchical, autoconfigurable address.  Will probe community. 
>         If consensus not demonstrated then recommend a BOF in Toronto 
>         to address the issue - Dave Clark as BOF chair 
> 
> Major open issues specific to IPng
>         address format
>         routing structure
>         source route design
>                 where, element content and length
>         source route syntax and mechanisms
>         end system identifier extensibility
> 
> 


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul  6 08:05:34 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407060605.AA28845@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: what Greg was saying...
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 6 Jul 1994 08:05:34 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Directorate,

Isn't this what Greg was trying to get at in Boston?
I.E. why having both 0:0 and 0:1 prefixes is broken?

    Brian

>--------- Text sent by William Allen Simpson follows:
> From sipp-request@sunroof2.eng.sun.com Wed Jul  6 03:48:33 1994
> X-Delivered: at request of brian on dxcoms.cern.ch
> Date: Wed, 6 Jul 94 01:04:18 GMT
> From: "William Allen Simpson" <bill.simpson@um.cc.umich.edu>
> Message-Id: <2778.bill.simpson@um.cc.umich.edu>
> To: sipp@sunroof.eng.sun.com
> Reply-To: bsimpson@morningstar.com
> Subject: Re: SIPP-only to IPv4-only
> Sender: sipp-request@sunroof.eng.sun.com
> 
> > From: Bob.Gilligan@eng.sun.com (Bob Gilligan)
> > Consider the following topology:
> >
> >
> > 	SIPP-only ------ Translator ------ IPv4-only
> > 	host H1		  T1		   host H2
> >
> > 	         <----		    <----
> > 	      SIPP Packets	  IPv4 Packets
> >
> Stop!
> 
> The IPv4 host cannot talk to a SIPP-only host.  There will be no A DNS
> records.  The IPv4 host won't know the SIPP-only host is there.
> 
> The SIPP-only host cannot talk to an IPv4 host.  There will be no
> AA/ASeq DNS records.  The SIPP-only host won't know the IPv4 host is there.
> 
> A host which understands how to talk to IPv4 has a different TCP
> checksum calculation, and therefore is an IPv4 host.
> 
> Why are you making this harder than it already is?
> 
> Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
> 


From francis@cactus.slab.ntt.jp Wed Jul  6 08:06:08 1994
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Date: Wed, 6 Jul 94 08:06:08 JST
From: francis@cactus.slab.ntt.jp (Paul Francis)
Message-Id: <9407052306.AA27363@cactus.slab.ntt.jp>
To: bound@zk3.dec.com, yakov@watson.ibm.com
Subject: Re:  IPng outline...
Cc: iesg@cnri.reston.va.us, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

>  
>  1.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast addresses (provided that
>      there is no distiction between "locator" and EID), or 16 bytes
>      multicast addresses, or 16 bytes cluster addresses, or all of the
>      above ?
>  
>  2.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast "locators", if there would
>      be a distinction between "locators" and EIDs ?
>  

My "OK" was for a single 16-byte address space where the unicast,
multicast, and cluster addresses are all taken from that space, and
where the same address space serves both to identify and to locate.

PF

From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Wed Jul  6 08:06:08 1994
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From: Paul Francis <francis@cactus.slab.ntt.jp>
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To: bound@zk3.dec.com, yakov@watson.ibm.com
Subject: Re:  IPng outline...
Cc: iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

>  
>  1.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast addresses (provided that
>      there is no distiction between "locator" and EID), or 16 bytes
>      multicast addresses, or 16 bytes cluster addresses, or all of the
>      above ?
>  
>  2.  Did they state OK to 16 bytes unicast "locators", if there would
>      be a distinction between "locators" and EIDs ?
>  

My "OK" was for a single 16-byte address space where the unicast,
multicast, and cluster addresses are all taken from that space, and
where the same address space serves both to identify and to locate.

PF

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul  6 08:11:47 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407060611.AA28951@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 6 Jul 1994 08:11:47 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407051643.AA28964@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> from "bound@zk3.dec.com" at Jul 5, 94 12:43:40 pm
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Jim,
> 
> => 
> =>         o - a new IPng-specific transition working group be formed 
> =>                 base document - provided by IPNG wg based on SST
> 
> >This is TACIT, right?
> 
> I think this is a good idea.  Asking Bob Gilligan to be part of this
> as another co-chair with Atul and Geoff would be a good idea IMHO.

Well, I will be running a Eurpopean candidate for this.

...
> =>         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
> =>                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
> =>                         and CLNP.
> =>                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
> =>                 along the lines of network topology) 
> 
> >Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
> >a specifc goal or up-front option.
> 
> This is still not part of the formal list of IPng requirements, but
> clearly a real world requirement.  But it should not be done at the cost 
> of making IPng less than it could be technically or architecturally. For
> IPX it fits well in 16bytes for NSAPs its not as easy and we need an
> algorithmic mapping for 16bytes that spans different NSAP uses today.  
> This also could be opening up pandoras box, with the only real answer 
> encapsulaltion within IPng.

I can only repeat:
   Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
   a specifc goal or up-front option.
...
> => 
> =>         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down 
> =>                 what we said at start of process
> 
> >Fudge. SIPP and CATNIP have no reasom to continue. Either TUBA should
> >shut down, or should be renamed TUNA (TCP and UDP over NSAP
> >Addresses) and viewed as a coexistence tool to leverage Internet
> >applications over CLNP infrastructure. Most of the basic TUBA work
> >matches this approach very well. The less developed parts of TUBA
> >(flows, multicast,...) could be moved to "historic" status. If you
> >don't want to encourage this, close it down.
> 
> I think all working groups today should go away and there be just one IPng
> set of working groups.  Regarding TUBA continuing to work on CLNP for the
> Internet with IPng (and IPv4 for that matter) should happen, but not under 
> the auspices of IPng.

I agree entirely. That is the reason for changing the name from TUBA.
It is just a "TCP and UDP over foo" activity. It doesn't even *have*
to be in the IETF.

   Brian

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul  6 08:14:34 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407060614.AA28988@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Can you re-post the straw poll result?
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 6 Jul 1994 08:14:34 +0200 (MET DST)
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Scott and Allison,
> =>  
> => We think that there is general consensus about a 16 byte fixed length 
> =>         hierarchical, autoconfigurable address.  Will probe community. 
> =>         If consensus not demonstrated then recommend a BOF in Toronto 
> =>         to address the issue - Dave Clark as BOF chair 
> 
> >I agree there is consensus that this is necessary. Is there consensus that
> >it is sufficient? I don't think so, certainly not in the Directorate.
> 
> But no one on the Directorate or in the IETF has proven that 16bytes are
> not sufficient for 30 years of product generations and the Internet.
> The majority of Directorate members have stated OK to 16bytes.
> 
> /jim
> 
Can you post the final version of the straw poll results please?

(I realise the Directorate doesn't get to vote for the whole IETF :-)

  Brian

From jallard@microsoft.com Wed Jul  6 13:22:36 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
Date: Wed,  6 Jul 94 13:22:36 TZ
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| | It  could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.
|
| >the fact that you haven't optimized all of the areas of your
| >implementation suggest a bogus argument. we've tuned
|
| First SLOW DOWN on your assumptions that 'we have not optiimized our IP
| implemntation" in fact we have and can saturate an Ethernet or FDDI for
| both TCP and UDP.  Don't make those kind of public comments to a list
| its not cool.

my intention was not to attack a specific vendor's implementation
and the basis of my statement was your comment "fix other areas
of the ip stack". apologies all over the place if this was misinterpreted.

| It is an end system issue and I don't agree with your assessment of end
| system users or the market (but we know that already).  The performance
| issue will take place at every network connection on a client or server.
| On a server it will be more noticable.

we can agree to disagree here i think. yes it's going to burn some
cycles on end systems, but considering the instruction count necessary
to do anything useful.

| This is nonsense.  No customer will use all 16bytes if used correctly and
| I am not even going to give this argument the courteousy of an answer.
| Now this is bogus.

i predict that most large networks (e.g., 50,000 systems or more) will
use a minimum of 8 in their addressing schemes. you're right, it's not
likely that people will use all 16 out of the door, but they'll start with
a bunch. today microsoft has 2 class a's, a number of class b's (i
think 6) and a ton of class c's. the history reflects the growth of our
network. we have only 45,000 nodes, but we've bought other
companies, merging existing  networks, and have grown our global
network a great deal. if you walked through our history with a 16-byte
address, we'd probably have started with 6 and been up to about
14 today. given my discussions with is managers from fortune 1000,
non-technical corporations, we're not atypical here.

| bullshit.  You have it all wrong that those protocols were designed by
| accident.  Better performance is one of my goals, but your right no
| promises.

i never said that they were designed by accident, i said that real
end-users don't care if it's fixed or variable.

| Performance is not the issue to stop variable addresses its the cost. Not
| just for the kernel but the total cost.  There is a cost at the app level
| too we have not even analyzed yet.

where's the cost at the app? the next version of windows sockets
will take a name and turn it into a system handle. the app has zero
need to know the network layer address, as it should be. this is the
case for real applications. granted ping, traceroute and nslookup
will need to know, but they're typically implemented by the xport
team anyway. i don't understand why a sql server or x client needs
to know the actual network address. don't assume that all technology
remains static and we just change the xport address structure, i think
we need to make changes to sockets to make ipng a pill people will
swallow.

| >"variable length addresses the *needs* of the ipng community with the
| >side affect of minor performance penalty"
|
| I would add "and additional costs".  I am not sure about the community but
| the statement is axiomatic for sure.  Its really a question of cost I
| think more than performance.

what costs specifically? i see none of these as insurmountable, and
at most, incremental. we need to educate, we need to write code, and
we need to spec this stuff. whether it's fixed or variable is a small,
small difference.

| ACK on the employer.  My customers want good IP in our products.  I can do
| this with fixed addresses or variable addresses.  But I can do it cheaper
| with fixed addresses which means it will cost my customer less money.  And
| it will last for 30 years of product generations.

what cost do you customers have to cover? i can't believe that the
engineering cost is worth measuring. given all of the changes and
work that you'll need to invest in ipng, this can't be a significant
burden that your customers are forced to carry. the cost to the
customers is really in education, a challenge alltogether not
addressed by ipng.

| Also above are you alluding to a vendor consortia and who could figure
| out an IPng archictecture better than all the bright people together in
| the IETF?  I hope no cause that would be real bullshit.

no, this is not what i am suggestion. what i am saying is that as soon
as (hopefully before) a customer runs into the 16-byte wall, i will be
forced to hand them a fix. i want to do this as part of the ietf and this
is my reason for authoring these painfully long notes detailing my
concern for v.l. if we dont have variable length, and a customer (forget
real internet addresses, forget on the internet, just big ip network)
has a problem with the architecture, we'll fix it and ship it.

example: dhcp with dns updates. the ietf and dns groups both told
me to screw off 2+ years ago when i suggested that we do dynamic
updates to dns as part of dnsv2. given my customers' demand for dhcp,
and our vision of peer-networking where every system is some kind
of server, this was important. it's not that they aren't very smart people,
it's that they didn't want to solve the potential problem and didn't
believe that dhcp would be successful or that this would become a
real problem.

so 1.5 years ago, when i needed to make a decision, we built a
dynamic nameserver and we're shipping it with dhcp next month.
we'll have dns-compatible query support on top of it before year
end. we had to fix it, and couldn't wait since dhcp was useless
without it. internally we have ovre 5,000 systems using dhcp and
wins. i still want dynamic dns registrations to be supported
universally and want winsv2 to be fully dynamic dns compliant,
but, i had to react and ship a product that my customers were
demanding in the meantime.

i'm not suggesting that i'm smarter than anyone, i know that i'm
not. i do know that we will build things in reaction to customer
demand, and this demand will contrinue to drive our product
development process well beyond standards body engineering
excercises. funny that you mentioned decnet, sna, and ipx before
(omitting appletalk though). these were all protocols that
were invented not by standards bodies, but by corporations
solving problems that standards bodies didn't have answers to.
i suggest the same may be necessary should flat 16 fail in the
future. that's all.

|Or is this just
| the case of wanting to take your ball and go home.  And your customers
| told you I want variable addresses?

no, my customers are all wild-cowboy network administrators that
do things based on simplicity and convenience, not the preservation
of the worldwide ip addressing scheme. they have all had tons of
addressing problems, most of them have run out on subnets, or
globally based on poor mask selection, and everyone that's
ever merged two networks has probably gone through a number
of net engineers and thousands if not millions of dollars fixing these
problems.

my customers (in general, with some exceptions) are not educated
enough to answer this question. i am drawing a probably
conclusion given my experiences with them. eric is one of the
few "customers" that actually has read ipng documents, under-
stands the various architectures and has gone throught the
excercise of mapping it into his environment.

now if we have a really smart guy that's done a ton of homework
saying "i probably need variable addresses someday, although
16-bytes seems like a ton", what conclusion can you draw from
the other is shops that don't know what ipng is?

15 years ago, i wrote software on systems with 4k, then 16k of
memory for a number of years. i didn't know what a megabyte
was, the customers of my software didn't have harddisks, but
140k capacity floppy drives. every instruction counted. today
i send this mail from a system with 32mb a 1280x1024 display
and 3 gigs of disk (oh btw it's a laptop with a docking station,
i use it on airplanes to check my email).

if you
asked me in a decade why anyone would need a 128Mb system
on their desk, a multiprocessor server w/ 10 Gigs of storage for
their $10M firm, or a 4million virtual processor machine for
some physics research in a 3 star educational facility, i would
have laughed. to predict that 30 years from now, we won't run
into network merging problems, excessive disposable devices,
and incredibly inefficient address assignment blows my mind.

i don't want to waste everyone's time, i simply wanted to offer
my opinion. no one has to agree with me, no one has to
consider it. the market will decide. i'm just offering some
insights which i consider everyday in the decisions we make
internally with our systems design - and we design with 3 years
in mind, not 30...

enough said. sorry if my future messages were overly
aggressive or suggested an attack on any one or more
vendors. trying to just make points, not attacks.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Wed Jul  6 06:22:42 1994
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Date: Wed, 6 Jul 94 06:22:42 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407061022.AA09482@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: as requested


Peter suggested that we do a straw poll of the directorate about 16 byte
fixed length addresses being acceptable for IPng (in the context of
the revised SIPP proposal and ones own understanding of the 'real world'
both technical and political.)  That seems like a good idea so here it is

			too much	ok	should be variable
J. Allard               				X
Steve Bellovin          				X
Jim Bound               		X
Ross Callon             		X
Brian Carpenter         		X		Add NSAPA option
Dave Clark              
John Curran				X		X
Steve Deering            (X)		X
Dino Farinacci          		X		X
Eric Fleischman         		X		X
Paul Frances            		X
Mark Knopper            				X
Greg Minshall				X		X
Rob Ullmann
Lixia Zhang				X		add option for var

From jallard@microsoft.com Wed Jul  6 18:58:26 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed,  6 Jul 94 18:58:26 TZ
Subject: Re: Concern

very good wrap up. i was trying to spark real down and dirty discussion and
trying to move beyond the realm of this p.c. position that we've been in.
i sincerely apologize if you felt i was attacking you, dec, or anyone else in
the directorate. i took a side, you took a side, most everyone else has stayed
out. i hoped to see action from those less vocal. imho you have been the
most significant contributor in the directorate, with eric running a 
close second.
your perspectives and experience have been very valuable for me, although
i fear they have not been adequately represented in the directorate's
recommendations. i fear the same for eric. thx for your input and good
thoughts. i appreciate your honesty and directness and hold a very high
opinion of you and your contributions. thx for a lively and well supported
discussion.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

----------
| From:  <bound@zk3.dec.com>
| To: James 'J' Allard
| Cc:  <bound@zk3.dec.com>;  <ericf@atc.boeing.com>;  
<ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>;
| <ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
| Subject: Re: Concern
| Date: Wednesday, July 06, 1994 9:37PM
|
| Received: from picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil by netmail.microsoft.com with 
SMTP (5.65/25-eef)
| 	id AA24330; Wed, 6 Jul 94 18:48:33 -0700
| Received: from inet-gw-2.pa.dec.com (inet-gw-2.pa.dec.com
| [16.1.0.23]) by picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil (8.6.8.1/8.6.4) with
| SMTP id VAA29698 for <ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>; Wed, 6
| Jul 1994 21:43:54 -0400
| Received: from xirtlu.zk3.dec.com by inet-gw-2.pa.dec.com (5.65/27May94)
| 	id AA11976; Wed, 6 Jul 94 18:37:21 -0700
| Received: by xirtlu.zk3.dec.com; id AA08879; Wed, 6 Jul 1994 21:37:16 -0400
| Message-Id: <9407070137.AA08879@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com>
| In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 06 Jul 94 13:22:36 +0700."
|              <9407061932.AA10139@netmail2.microsoft.com>
| X-Mts: smtp
|
| Jim,
|
| All your statements are valid (I mean it).  The problem is that we are
| coming from completely different technical philosophies to solve this
| problem, which causes us to be diametrically opposed.  In addition we
| are both very technical so no one can say its politics its honest to
| goodness differences.  I value difference and I hope the Area Directors
| and the Directorate read very closely all your mail on this issue I know
| it took a lot of time away from other work.  I also see your point about
| DHCP and Dynamic DNS and how they told you to screw off thats a very
| good argument in context for variable addresses, because you were right
| on that one for sure.
|
| The bottom line is I am sitting with Steve Deering, Paul Francis, and
| Bob Hinden with my technical beliefs for the most part.  I see no point
| of further replies to this thread its time to make a decision. I will
| build products as you no matter what the decision is for IPng.  I am glad
| the discussion has turned to variable vs fixed addresses which is better
| than this group vs that group.  That much is progress IMHO.  I won't say
| who you may be sitting with in similarities thats for you to say.  But I
| found the Big-10 Packet format not to my technical 'taste'.  I assume that
| will be another long technical discussion we will have soon and an important
| one.  But also Steve, Paul, and Bobs too will need discussion, which I
| hope we get soon.
|
| My final offer of compromise at my end to the Directorate for variable
| addresses technically is to support an 8byte fixed length address in the
| main header that is globally unique in the Internet and a variable
| address source route optional header if the packet has to leave the
| private site (private site is dec.com, microsoft.com, etc..).  Yes we
| would need to set up and define the 8 byte address space for such a
| purpose and no I do not ask that it be called an EID.  See my mail on
| Big-I in a moment regarding source routes in main headers, which I do
| not think is a good idea.  Source routing should be a second class
| citizen.
|
| This is also my individual position not my companies.  As I said I will
| build products for IPng in my company no matter what IPng ends up to
| be.  Which is what we have said all along.  But no one is yelling at me
| for supporting 16bytes unless someone can show its not enough for 30
| years on the Internet.
|
| I guess-estimate the cost to move our 3 host kernels to variable
| addresses and the re-training to be about $1.5 million.  To me this is
| significant.  This would include the API to insulate the applications as
| you suggested, which we mostly have figured out anyway from SIPP
| extended addresses.  I do admit I am very cost conscious and have always
| been as an engineer for the past 20 years.  I will also admit the
| mistakes I have made was trying to save costs when I should have been
| less frugal.  But on this one I got to stand pat with the 16bytes with
| my caveat of what will change my mind.
|
| p.s. WOW you have two class A addresses and I felt bad with 1 (we
| have 50,000+ hosts and growing daily, plus I just started managing my
| own subnet for our IPng Internet testing, I don't find it bad at all but
| then again I just look at the code if I don't get it).
|
| Not offended at my end,
| /jim
|
|
| 

From laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US Wed Jul  6 10:14:23 1994
Replied: Wed, 06 Jul 94 15:41:41 -0400
Replied: "Lois Keiper <lkeiper@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US> "
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Subject: Re: Ipng Teleconference July 11, 1994
Message-ID:  <9407061012.aa03373@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

>>ANNOUNCEMENT:
>
>>
>>The names marked with an asterisk are those who have confirmed participation
>>for the IPng teleconference scheduled for July 11, 1994 at 11:30 - 1:30
>>EDT.  Thank you.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>                       J. Allard               206-936-9031
>>                       Steve Bellovin          908-582-5886
>>                       Jim Bound               603-881-0400
>>                       Scott Bradner           617-495-3864
>>                       Ross Callon             508-436-3936
>                        Brian Carpenter         +41 22 767 4967
>>                       Dave Clark              617-253-6003
>                        John Crowcroft          +44 71 380 7296
>>                       Steve Coya              703-620-8990*
>>                       John Curran             617-873-4398
>>                       Steve Deering           415-812-4839
>>                       Dino Farinacci          408-668-4696
>>                       Eric Fleischman         206-957-5334
>>                       Paul Francis            +81 33 928 0408
>                        Frank Kastenholz        508-685-4000
>>                       Daniel Karrenberg       +31 20 592 5065
>>                       Mark Knopper            313-741-5445
>                        Craig Partridge         415-812-4415
>>                       Allison Mankin          202-404-7030
>>                       Greg Minshall           510-975-4507
>                        Rob Ullmann             617-693-1315
>>                       Lixia Zhang             415-812-4415
>>
>>
>>If you need to be added to the teleconference call in progress, please call
>>1-800-232-1234 or for the international participants, 516-424-3151.  The call
>>can be referenced by the confirmation number -ER21499 in the orginators name,
>>Steve Coya.
>>
>>Thanks
>>
>>
>>Lois
>>
>>
>>
>
>Lois J. Keiper
>IETF Secretariat

Lois J. Keiper
IETF Secretariat





From ericf@atc.boeing.com Wed Jul  6 08:27:26 1994
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From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407061527.AA17049@atc.boeing.com>
To: bound@zk3.dec.com, ericf@atc.boeing.com
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Dear Jim,

Thank you for your response.  It is somewhat of a comfort to find that you
at least are not vacillating on your positions.  Would you please do me
the favor of addressing for this list what you think of the following
question?:

    "Do you favor an IPng addressing approach which defines an initial
     fixed-length 16 byte address deployment within a variable length 
     addressing schema.  The maximum address size shall be 32 bytes long 
     with 8 byte address granularities."

Would this approach preserve the undesirable variable length tenets against
which you and other host vendors have been arguing or would it appear
to your software as something resembling fixed length addresses?  

Question to the directorate:  what do you think would happen if we define
an address structure such as that described above but suggest to the
host vendors that they may consider it as simply a fixed length 16 byte
address and to the router vendors to treat it as a variable length address?
This way, should it be needed we have a clear migration direction with a
possible router-based supporting infrastructure.  This, after all, is much
like what was done within CLNP and seems to me to be a viable alternative.

Sincerely yours,

--Eric Fleischman


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul  6 18:27:16 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407061627.AA17177@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: Concern
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 6 Jul 1994 18:27:16 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407061527.AA17049@atc.boeing.com> from "Eric Fleischman" at Jul 6, 94 08:27:26 am
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Eric
>     "Do you favor an IPng addressing approach which defines an initial
>      fixed-length 16 byte address deployment within a variable length 
>      addressing schema.  The maximum address size shall be 32 bytes long 
>      with 8 byte address granularities."
> 
You didn't ask all of us, but I'd certainly accept this as long as there
is an NSAPA encoding defined.

(At this point I'd probably accept anything to end the debate :-)

> Question to the directorate: what do you think would happen if we define
> an address structure such as that described above but suggest to the
> host vendors that they may consider it as simply a fixed length 16 byte
> address and to the router vendors to treat it as a variable length address?
> This way, should it be needed we have a clear migration direction with a
> possible router-based supporting infrastructure. This, after all, is much
> like what was done within CLNP and seems to me to be a viable alternative.
> 
The trouble with this approach is that if initial IPng hosts are deployed
only with 16-byte support, moving to larger addresses is in effect moving
to IPngng. It would be a second transition. So it's theoretically OK,
but practically meaningless, I fear.

My SAF/OAF suggestion (16 byte mandatory, NSAPA optional) has the same
problem, but with some chance that the option would be implemented
up-front by some vendors.

However, my general sense is that if we do decide for variable length,
it has to be there from the start. If it is an add-on it will never
actually get added on.

   Brian

From lixia@parc.xerox.com Wed Jul  6 09:47:42 1994
Replied: Wed, 06 Jul 94 13:40:46 -0400
Replied: "Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com> "
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Sender: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Big10 notes revisited 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Fri, 1 Jul 1994 12:15:13 -0700 
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.773513262.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> here is a pass of editing the big 10 notes to reflect the comments
> I've received.  Can you all take a quick look? We would like to
> get these out soon.

sorry for the delay.  below are a few corrections

> 	Lixia Xhang, xerox

Lixia Zhang, Xerox PARC

>	...
> 	Lixia: Authentication and accounting at network level. Research 
> has not been done yet, but need is coming for these functions. Cost of 
> dual stack transition with TUBA is problem.

Cost of TUBA's dual-stack ONLY transition plan is problematic; BOTH
dual-stack and translations are needed.
In addition, CATNIP has no transition plan, no routing design, and is not
sufficiently specified to be evaluated.

> ......
> Transport identifier which is not tied to the network layer: consensus 
> position.

I do not recall that we reached such a consensus.


> 	Lixia: Like separate group looking at EID issue, but we may 
> have different visions on where it may go. Would like to see single 
> IPng group finalizing protocol. Do not think variable length address 
> buys us anything. Growth to the right assumption is not valid. The 
> smaller your address is, the larger amount of address space you 
> reserve. 

	Lixia: Support Ron A.'s suggestion of setting up a separate
working group to look at EID issue, though we may have different
visions on where it may go.  Would like to see a single IPng group
finalizing protocol. Do not think variable length address buys us
anything if it only grows to the right, in which case the smaller your
address is, the larger amount of address space you have consumed. 


>	.....
> %	(Eric Fleischmann). What additional functionality is brought with 
> each proposal. Too much additional risk over IPv4. Provider based 
> addressing is flawed and a bad thing.

I don't recall exactly what Eric said, but if the above is correct,
I'd like some elaboration regarding comments on provider based
addressing.


A final comment: I know nobody has time to do it, but how much I wish
someone could combine the 3 notes into one single minutes!

Lixia

From lixia@parc.xerox.com Wed Jul  6 10:45:11 1994
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Sender: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Mail to Each WG List 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Sun, 3 Jul 1994 12:16:32 -0700 
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.773516711.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> -----------------
> 
> To: big-internet, tuba, sipp, catnip, ietf
> Subject: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements

a few comments about this proposed msg

> There seems to be a stronger, but still minority, view that, for various
> reasons, a variable length address, one that could be smaller or larger
> than 16 bytes, would meet the needs better for the future of the 
> Internet.

as I said in an earlier msg, the question about addr length should not
be asked or answered separately from the overall IPng consideration.

There is a (brobably long) list of open issues regarding the impact of
variable length addr on other parts of IPng (e.g. relation to EID?)

16-fixed byte addr is an extension to current IPv4 architecture, the
game I think we confidently know how to play.
Variable addr is probably NOT, as Deering repeatedly stated (that it'd
be no longer SIPP if you put in var addr)

 
> Much of the discussion on the lists has revolved around the relative
> efficiency of processing fixed and variable length addresses.  We would
> like to assess the consensus just on lengths for the future.  We want to
> make sure that we have understood consensus on meeting the needs
> of the very very large Internet.  Therefore, this message is to
> ask people what present or future rationale they see for one of:
>   16 byte fixed length address
>   longer than 16 byte fixed length address now
>   longer than 16 byte fixed length address next time we change
>   anything
>   8 byte fixed length address.
> 
> We hope to guage, in particular, what, if any, the consensus
> is about the routing power, topological flexibility and manageability
> of the length of the address.
> 

If the purpose here is to collect concensus, why not list variable
length as a bullet too?

> At this point the consensus on the big-internet list seems quite
> clear.  This is a good time to bring forward remaining issues
> about the IPng address length requirements.  Of course, we also
> welcome messages that support our perceived consensus.

I agree with Eric's comment that probably everyone who wants to say
someting on the issue has done so.
But if you want to use this msg as a way to inform/pre-warn the
community about your recommendations, it may be worth doing, so that
whoever want to shout again can do it now (instead of being shocked by
your announcement at Toronto).  But then I feel the wording need be
changed per my above comments.

Lixia

From bound@zk3.dec.com Wed Jul  6 15:10:09 1994
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To: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
Cc: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com,
        ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 20:34:40 +0700."
             <9407060243.AA13586@netmail2.microsoft.com> 
Date: Wed, 06 Jul 94 15:10:09 -0400
X-Mts: smtp


| First performance hits on variable addresses are not a 'crock'.

>it's not a crock, it's a non issue. 50 instructions on the send path is
>trivial given the horsepower of existing and future cpus. really, how
>many instructions is it if you fastpath 16-bytes and do the check.
>bet it's less than 50.

It is less than 50 based on two compilers.  But thats not the performance
hit.  Its the searches in the cache, pcb's, and the ifnet data structures
which are now all variable.  I never stated it was an order of magnitude
performance loss based on instructions even if not in the fast path.

| It  could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.

>the fact that you haven't optimized all of the areas of your
>implementation suggest a bogus argument. we've tuned the shit
>out of ours, we  can't cut out 50 instructions. it's not a wash, its
>more instructions. i don't care though, it's worth it. i recommend
>you clean up what you can, and if you save 50 great, if you save
>500, better, but it has nothing to do with the argument (other than
>to suggest a bogus argument since you didn't clean up your
>performance before this discussion came up. performance
>must not be **that** important).

First SLOW DOWN on your assumptions that 'we have not optiimized our IP
implemntation" in fact we have and can saturate an Ethernet or FDDI for
both TCP and UDP.  Don't make those kind of public comments to a list
its not cool.  I said nothing about my implementation yet.  And my
arguments are not bogus and our performance is fine.  Your way out of line
here and I suggest you use a different tact for discussion.

There are many public domain concepts for TCP/IP that are useful to all of
us to generate code as we generate IETF specs for IP such as VJs work.  I
was refernecing for example the way searches are done and that they could
be done more efficiently for IP in the Open Systems sense.  Of course if
you want to roll your own go for it.  But, just changing the way searches
are done in the public domain of IP would make up for any loss with
variable addresses and it would be a wash.  

| I talked to Scott this weekend and told him I know of several engineers
| and myself who are willing to put out a very direct RFC that states
| exactly why variable addresses 'will' cause a performance loss.

>it won't cause a measurable performance loss on a non-saturated
>cpu system. where will it cause a loss? aggregate performance on
>a server w/ a ton of connections who is not media, or bus bound,
>but is cpu bound. it's not an end system issue, it's a server issue.
>again, i'm willing to take the hit. every administrator i know throws
>tons of $$$ at server metal and would gladly throw more. what they
>don't want to do is to touch the goddamn clients - it's too expensive.
>they touch the server everyday and have expertise there, they
>have idiots at the end systems.

It is an end system issue and I don't agree with your assessment of end
system users or the market (but we know that already).  The performance
issue will take place at every network connection on a client or server.
On a server it will be more noticable.  

| The issue for variable addresses is cost too.  Any cost needs to be
| justified.  No one has justified variable addresses except that it will
| let us evolve even past 30 years which 16bytes in fact will support.

>i don't understand how 16 bytes will allow boeing, who buys
>macdonald douglas next year to merge their addressing
>hierarchies when one of them used all 16 bytes. next year,
>not 30 from now. give me 100% utilization of class a addresses,
>and i'll give you 30 years on ipv4 when considering the number
>of general purpose desktop computers around.

This is nonsense.  No customer will use all 16bytes if used correctly and 
I am not even going to give this argument the courteousy of an answer.  
Now this is bogus.

| IPng will get broken before then for reasons that we don't know that
| have nothing to do with the network layer address IMHO because we will
| have a technology paradigm shift on routers, networking, or operating
| systems.  If this happens all the cost to implement variable addresses
| would have been un-necessary.

>the cost of implementing variable length addressing relative to all of
>the new baggage which will come w/ ipng (rotuing protocols, server-
>less and serverful configuration, dns autoregistration, etc...) is again
>trivial. i'll freely write reference code and slap it in an rfc. this is
>bogus. the real cost is in education of administration, addressing,
>router configuration, etc.. educating the network administrators, or
>anyone that needs to know anything abt the address is where the
>cost is. the implementors are all smart enough to implement
>varlen addresses. most college sophomores are.

Relative is an important word and has variance when used.  I said any
cost needs to be justified.  I agree with you on the edu and admin costs
and add transition to that education.  As far as your comments about the
implementors no one stated they could not do it that I have heard.  I am
not sure what your point was here and I think your comment about college
sophmores is bullshit.  

| All the successful protocols of past SNA, DECnet, IPX, and yes IPv4 have
| all been fixed length address.  One protocol in the market is variable
| length and its not successful for whatever the reason is and I know its
| not because of CLNP, but its not successful, at least today.

>bullshit, no one ever said "thank god my network layer addresses are
>fixed". not implementors, not users, not administrators. it saved a tiny
>bit on the implementation side, a fair amount on the education side
>(e.g., an ip address looks like a.b.c.d), but that's abt it. hell, ask 100
>ipx network administrators how long an ipx address is, 98 will say
>"duh". the reason ipx succeeded was because they didn't know, not
>because they did and they liked that they were fixed. ipv4 is screwed
>because people beyond implementors or core operational geeks
>know what the address looks like. hey, let's focus on fixing that. now
>*there's* a carrot for ipng. it's not like we're promising better performance
>with this thing.

bullshit.  You have it all wrong that those protocols were designed by
accident.  Better performance is one of my goals, but your right no
promises.

| Also mine, Steve Deering, Paul Franics and others have a strong desire
| for Fixed Length addresses unless 16bytes are not enough.  Some even
| still believe 8 bytes are enough.

>i believe that i will have a network which will require 1 byte addresses. i
>don't want the overhead of 15 unecessary bytes on a link that supports
>512 byte datagrams. that reduces my throughput by 3% between two
>end systems which aren't close to cpu bound, but are totally network
>bound. why can't i use smaller addresses on a flat, non-routed
>topology? i think 16 bytes are too many for most situations.

16bytes are an awful lot I agree I look it as the cost of compromise I
guess.

| If some want to change their vote from 16 is OK to ONLY Variable I
| guess its fair.  But if another argument comes about again next Monday
| will I come back from vacation and see its now 23.5 bytes fixed or
| variable with SIPP extended addresses.   We need to make a decision and
| stick with it.

>the fixed-width "consensus" announced at the retreat surprised me, and
>i'm questioning it. i agree that we need a decision and we need to stick
>with it. i see both sides, but i know which implementation covers both
>requirements - variable. unfortunately, it doesn't cover your concern
>abt end-systemn performance.

Performance is not the issue to stop variable addresses its the cost. Not
just for the kernel but the total cost.  There is a cost at the app level
too we have not even analyzed yet.

>do you agree with the following statement:

>"variable length addresses the *needs* of the ipng community with the
>side affect of minor performance penalty"

I would add "and additional costs".  I am not sure about the community but
the statement is axiomatic for sure.  Its really a question of cost I
think more than performance.

>we can debate what "minor" is. i want to be clear that this is your only
>gripe.

I think I answered that above and its not a gripe its a concern.

>listen to eric. he runs a real network that's built on your software.
>under most circumstances, i'd say, don't listen to me, i'll build and
>sell what eric tells me to sell...  i'd say don't listen to tony, he'll do
>the same.  unfortunately, both tony and i have dealt with our
>share of erics, and our share of boeings, and know that his
>position is not unique and will defend it.

I always listen to Eric and we have a lot of our network products in
Boeing.  I don't need to hear this from you trust me.

>we're in this game to sell software, my employer invests in the ipng
>effort in hopes that it will produce an architecture that will meet our
>customers needs and reduce our ultimate costs. i personally don't
>give two hoots abt fixed vs. variable. if my customers tell me 16-fixed
>is fine, i'll shutup. they're not. so, me and tony can fix it ourselves
>independent of the effort, or the directorate can take our feedback.
>this is not a threat, it's a reality. we do what our customers tell us
>to do. we try to base few of our decisions on "what should be
>good for 30 years" when our source of revenue suggests
>differently, with or without proof.

ACK on the employer.  My customers want good IP in our products.  I can do
this with fixed addresses or variable addresses.  But I can do it cheaper
with fixed addresses which means it will cost my customer less money.  And
it will last for 30 years of product generations.

Also above are you alluding to a vendor consortia and who could figure
out an IPng archictecture better than all the bright people together in
the IETF?  I hope no cause that would be real bullshit.  Or is this just
the case of wanting to take your ball and go home.  And your customers
told you I want variable addresses?   

/jim


From bound@zk3.dec.com Wed Jul  6 15:10:09 1994
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To: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
Cc: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com,
        ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Jul 94 20:34:40 +0700."
             <9407060243.AA13586@netmail2.microsoft.com> 
Date: Wed, 06 Jul 94 15:10:09 -0400
X-Mts: smtp


| First performance hits on variable addresses are not a 'crock'.

>it's not a crock, it's a non issue. 50 instructions on the send path is
>trivial given the horsepower of existing and future cpus. really, how
>many instructions is it if you fastpath 16-bytes and do the check.
>bet it's less than 50.

It is less than 50 based on two compilers.  But thats not the performance
hit.  Its the searches in the cache, pcb's, and the ifnet data structures
which are now all variable.  I never stated it was an order of magnitude
performance loss based on instructions even if not in the fast path.

| It  could be a 'wash' if we go and fix other areas of the IP stack.

>the fact that you haven't optimized all of the areas of your
>implementation suggest a bogus argument. we've tuned the shit
>out of ours, we  can't cut out 50 instructions. it's not a wash, its
>more instructions. i don't care though, it's worth it. i recommend
>you clean up what you can, and if you save 50 great, if you save
>500, better, but it has nothing to do with the argument (other than
>to suggest a bogus argument since you didn't clean up your
>performance before this discussion came up. performance
>must not be **that** important).

First SLOW DOWN on your assumptions that 'we have not optiimized our IP
implemntation" in fact we have and can saturate an Ethernet or FDDI for
both TCP and UDP.  Don't make those kind of public comments to a list
its not cool.  I said nothing about my implementation yet.  And my
arguments are not bogus and our performance is fine.  Your way out of line
here and I suggest you use a different tact for discussion.

There are many public domain concepts for TCP/IP that are useful to all of
us to generate code as we generate IETF specs for IP such as VJs work.  I
was refernecing for example the way searches are done and that they could
be done more efficiently for IP in the Open Systems sense.  Of course if
you want to roll your own go for it.  But, just changing the way searches
are done in the public domain of IP would make up for any loss with
variable addresses and it would be a wash.  

| I talked to Scott this weekend and told him I know of several engineers
| and myself who are willing to put out a very direct RFC that states
| exactly why variable addresses 'will' cause a performance loss.

>it won't cause a measurable performance loss on a non-saturated
>cpu system. where will it cause a loss? aggregate performance on
>a server w/ a ton of connections who is not media, or bus bound,
>but is cpu bound. it's not an end system issue, it's a server issue.
>again, i'm willing to take the hit. every administrator i know throws
>tons of $$$ at server metal and would gladly throw more. what they
>don't want to do is to touch the goddamn clients - it's too expensive.
>they touch the server everyday and have expertise there, they
>have idiots at the end systems.

It is an end system issue and I don't agree with your assessment of end
system users or the market (but we know that already).  The performance
issue will take place at every network connection on a client or server.
On a server it will be more noticable.  

| The issue for variable addresses is cost too.  Any cost needs to be
| justified.  No one has justified variable addresses except that it will
| let us evolve even past 30 years which 16bytes in fact will support.

>i don't understand how 16 bytes will allow boeing, who buys
>macdonald douglas next year to merge their addressing
>hierarchies when one of them used all 16 bytes. next year,
>not 30 from now. give me 100% utilization of class a addresses,
>and i'll give you 30 years on ipv4 when considering the number
>of general purpose desktop computers around.

This is nonsense.  No customer will use all 16bytes if used correctly and 
I am not even going to give this argument the courteousy of an answer.  
Now this is bogus.

| IPng will get broken before then for reasons that we don't know that
| have nothing to do with the network layer address IMHO because we will
| have a technology paradigm shift on routers, networking, or operating
| systems.  If this happens all the cost to implement variable addresses
| would have been un-necessary.

>the cost of implementing variable length addressing relative to all of
>the new baggage which will come w/ ipng (rotuing protocols, server-
>less and serverful configuration, dns autoregistration, etc...) is again
>trivial. i'll freely write reference code and slap it in an rfc. this is
>bogus. the real cost is in education of administration, addressing,
>router configuration, etc.. educating the network administrators, or
>anyone that needs to know anything abt the address is where the
>cost is. the implementors are all smart enough to implement
>varlen addresses. most college sophomores are.

Relative is an important word and has variance when used.  I said any
cost needs to be justified.  I agree with you on the edu and admin costs
and add transition to that education.  As far as your comments about the
implementors no one stated they could not do it that I have heard.  I am
not sure what your point was here and I think your comment about college
sophmores is bullshit.  

| All the successful protocols of past SNA, DECnet, IPX, and yes IPv4 have
| all been fixed length address.  One protocol in the market is variable
| length and its not successful for whatever the reason is and I know its
| not because of CLNP, but its not successful, at least today.

>bullshit, no one ever said "thank god my network layer addresses are
>fixed". not implementors, not users, not administrators. it saved a tiny
>bit on the implementation side, a fair amount on the education side
>(e.g., an ip address looks like a.b.c.d), but that's abt it. hell, ask 100
>ipx network administrators how long an ipx address is, 98 will say
>"duh". the reason ipx succeeded was because they didn't know, not
>because they did and they liked that they were fixed. ipv4 is screwed
>because people beyond implementors or core operational geeks
>know what the address looks like. hey, let's focus on fixing that. now
>*there's* a carrot for ipng. it's not like we're promising better performance
>with this thing.

bullshit.  You have it all wrong that those protocols were designed by
accident.  Better performance is one of my goals, but your right no
promises.

| Also mine, Steve Deering, Paul Franics and others have a strong desire
| for Fixed Length addresses unless 16bytes are not enough.  Some even
| still believe 8 bytes are enough.

>i believe that i will have a network which will require 1 byte addresses. i
>don't want the overhead of 15 unecessary bytes on a link that supports
>512 byte datagrams. that reduces my throughput by 3% between two
>end systems which aren't close to cpu bound, but are totally network
>bound. why can't i use smaller addresses on a flat, non-routed
>topology? i think 16 bytes are too many for most situations.

16bytes are an awful lot I agree I look it as the cost of compromise I
guess.

| If some want to change their vote from 16 is OK to ONLY Variable I
| guess its fair.  But if another argument comes about again next Monday
| will I come back from vacation and see its now 23.5 bytes fixed or
| variable with SIPP extended addresses.   We need to make a decision and
| stick with it.

>the fixed-width "consensus" announced at the retreat surprised me, and
>i'm questioning it. i agree that we need a decision and we need to stick
>with it. i see both sides, but i know which implementation covers both
>requirements - variable. unfortunately, it doesn't cover your concern
>abt end-systemn performance.

Performance is not the issue to stop variable addresses its the cost. Not
just for the kernel but the total cost.  There is a cost at the app level
too we have not even analyzed yet.

>do you agree with the following statement:

>"variable length addresses the *needs* of the ipng community with the
>side affect of minor performance penalty"

I would add "and additional costs".  I am not sure about the community but
the statement is axiomatic for sure.  Its really a question of cost I
think more than performance.

>we can debate what "minor" is. i want to be clear that this is your only
>gripe.

I think I answered that above and its not a gripe its a concern.

>listen to eric. he runs a real network that's built on your software.
>under most circumstances, i'd say, don't listen to me, i'll build and
>sell what eric tells me to sell...  i'd say don't listen to tony, he'll do
>the same.  unfortunately, both tony and i have dealt with our
>share of erics, and our share of boeings, and know that his
>position is not unique and will defend it.

I always listen to Eric and we have a lot of our network products in
Boeing.  I don't need to hear this from you trust me.

>we're in this game to sell software, my employer invests in the ipng
>effort in hopes that it will produce an architecture that will meet our
>customers needs and reduce our ultimate costs. i personally don't
>give two hoots abt fixed vs. variable. if my customers tell me 16-fixed
>is fine, i'll shutup. they're not. so, me and tony can fix it ourselves
>independent of the effort, or the directorate can take our feedback.
>this is not a threat, it's a reality. we do what our customers tell us
>to do. we try to base few of our decisions on "what should be
>good for 30 years" when our source of revenue suggests
>differently, with or without proof.

ACK on the employer.  My customers want good IP in our products.  I can do
this with fixed addresses or variable addresses.  But I can do it cheaper
with fixed addresses which means it will cost my customer less money.  And
it will last for 30 years of product generations.

Also above are you alluding to a vendor consortia and who could figure
out an IPng archictecture better than all the bright people together in
the IETF?  I hope no cause that would be real bullshit.  Or is this just
the case of wanting to take your ball and go home.  And your customers
told you I want variable addresses?   

/jim


From bound@zk3.dec.com Wed Jul  6 15:46:00 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 06 Jul 94 08:11:47 +0200."
             <9407060611.AA28951@dxcoms.cern.ch> 
Date: Wed, 06 Jul 94 15:46:00 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Brian,

>Well, I will be running a Eurpopean candidate for this.

Thats fine but I want expertise in there and would not want to sacrifice
it for geography concerns.  But I do think a European would be very good
and you doing it would be good too as you have this expertise.  If I had
any input to this decision of course.

=> This is still not part of the formal list of IPng requirements, but
=> clearly a real world requirement.  But it should not be done at the cost 
=> of making IPng less than it could be technically or architecturally. For
=> IPX it fits well in 16bytes for NSAPs its not as easy and we need an
=> algorithmic mapping for 16bytes that spans different NSAP uses today.  
=> This also could be opening up pandoras box, with the only real answer 
=> encapsulaltion within IPng.

>I can only repeat:
>   Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
>   a specifc goal or up-front option.
...
> => 
> =>         o -  existing working groups not forced to shut down 
> =>                 what we said at start of process

OK I must respeat what is the specific technical requirement on End
Systems and Routers.  I will say what I don't want convergence to be.
That my IP applications and transports have to understand anything about
NSAPs.  This is unacceptable.  We need a clear set of requirements and
what is needed in convergence.  Or else this all sounds strictly political
with no content for direction.  What do NSAP folks want to do with the
Internet.

Do they want to have an CLNP application talk to another CLNP application
on the other end of a regional network?  

I don't get it right now at all and maybe this is why its not in the IPng
requirements.  But I want to and have my own idea of what it should be but
that is very biased as I work for the biggest vendor of a protocol that uses
NSAPs with more CLNP on the street than anyone.  Thats why sometimes I
have to just sit back and laugh at some of the CLNP comments that are
totally wrong.

/jim


From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Wed Jul  6 13:01:39 1994
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To: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>,
        Allison J Mankin <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: Mail to Each WG List
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Lixia, of Xerox PARC,

>16-fixed byte addr is an extension to current IPv4 architecture, the
>game I think we confidently know how to play.
>Variable addr is probably NOT, as Deering repeatedly stated (that it'd
>be no longer SIPP if you put in var addr)

Let me just mention something driven peripherally off something Dave Clark
said last Monday to the effect that there are *semantics* and there is
*encoding*, and maybe its useful to separate the two.

IF there is a fixed maximum address size (32 bits, say),
and
IF a known method for mapping < maximum sized addresses into maximum sized
addresses (by appending zeroes, say),

THEN we are *preserving* the current, well-understood, IPv4 fixed length
address game (the semantics), but allowing different encodings (in headers
only, maybe, or also in DNS, or also in MIBs, etc.).

(If we do this, it might be a bit tricky, and therefore a mistake to even
do it, to try to define how to represent the encoding in all the various
possible places.  In this sense, the infamous Deering might be right...)

This might be useful (though i doubt DDC meant his remark to apply to this
case).

Greg



From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Wed Jul  6 13:02:44 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Brian,

>The trouble with this approach is that if initial IPng hosts are deployed
>only with 16-byte support, moving to larger addresses is in effect moving
>to IPngng. It would be a second transition. So it's theoretically OK,
>but practically meaningless, I fear.

The counter example is TTL.  Most hosts used to ship with TTL == 16.  Now,
TTL == 64 or whatever is there.  The routing system never changed.  TTL ==
16 hosts were motivated to upgrade to get better connectivity, but could
stay at TTL == 16 if that was acceptable.  (This example breaks down, of
course, in that the effort to go from TTL == 16 to 64 is fairly trivial,
one .h file, whereas the effort to go from 16-byte fixed to variable is,
oh, a bit more complicated... :-)

Greg



From bound@zk3.dec.com Wed Jul  6 16:18:12 1994
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To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 06 Jul 94 08:27:26 PDT."             <9407061527.AA17049@atc.boeing.com> 
Date: Wed, 06 Jul 94 16:18:12 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Eric,

>Thank you for your response.  It is somewhat of a comfort to find that you
>at least are not vacillating on your positions.  Would you please do me
>the favor of addressing for this list what you think of the following
>question?:

>    "Do you favor an IPng addressing approach which defines an initial
>     fixed-length 16 byte address deployment within a variable length 
>     addressing schema.  The maximum address size shall be 32 bytes long 
>     with 8 byte address granularities."

>Would this approach preserve the undesirable variable length tenets against
>which you and other host vendors have been arguing or would it appear
>to your software as something resembling fixed length addresses?  

It would not appear to my software as fixed length addresses, because I
would have to build the escape hatch into my kernel and the APIs while I
am building the IPng architecture in my products.  In addition this could
be even more costly than just doing variable length addresses because you
would have time explosions in the software engineering abstraction now for
the design, which would affect all the code paths on a router or a host.

I do think this idea has merit regarding source routes for sure.

/jim


From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Wed Jul  6 13:38:41 1994
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To: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: Concern
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Jim,

>i don't understand how 16 bytes will allow boeing, who buys
>macdonald douglas next year to merge their addressing
>hierarchies when one of them used all 16 bytes. next year,
>not 30 from now. give me 100% utilization of class a addresses,
>and i'll give you 30 years on ipv4 when considering the number
>of general purpose desktop computers around.

Pick a maximum sized (all the variable length people want some such).  Say
it is 32 bytes (seems a favorite).  Let one of {Boeing, MD} use up all 32
bytes.  Let one of them buy the other.  Voi-splot!  I don't think that is a
good argument.

(I think Brian C's argument of preserving a "provider"/"customer" split
*may be* good, if only someone knew what a "provider" was and what a
"customer" was...)

>    if my customers tell me 16-fixed
>is fine, i'll shutup. they're not. so, me and tony can fix it ourselves
>independent of the effort, or the directorate can take our feedback.

Customers are interesting beasts.  Over on the IETF "channel", there was a
message from Craig Partridge and Dave Crocker suggesting (i think) that
customers wanted CMIP over SNMP "way back then".  Way back then,
"customers" wanted CLNP, also.  My point is that we all need to listen to
customers, but evaluating what their statements *really* mean is an art.

Greg



From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Wed Jul  6 13:38:51 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: what Greg was saying...
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

Brian,

>Isn't this what Greg was trying to get at in Boston?
>I.E. why having both 0:0 and 0:1 prefixes is broken?

Yes and no.

Bill Simpson's query is really to the question "should you allow IPng-only
hosts (NG hosts, in my notation) to talk to IPv4-only hosts (V4 hosts)?".

I think that is a valid question (and i've raised it).

However, my point is that *even if* you decide to do that, i'm not
convinced that 0:0 and 0:1 makes any sense.  (I'm not convinced it
*doesn't*, mind you; Bob Gilligan and i are still yacking about that.
However, my intuition, nortoriously flawed, says it probably doesn't make
any sense.)

Greg



From bound@zk3.dec.com Wed Jul  6 21:37:10 1994
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To: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
Cc: bound@zk3.dec.com, ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 06 Jul 94 13:22:36 +0700."
             <9407061932.AA10139@netmail2.microsoft.com> 
Date: Wed, 06 Jul 94 21:37:10 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Jim,

All your statements are valid (I mean it).  The problem is that we are
coming from completely different technical philosophies to solve this
problem, which causes us to be diametrically opposed.  In addition we
are both very technical so no one can say its politics its honest to
goodness differences.  I value difference and I hope the Area Directors
and the Directorate read very closely all your mail on this issue I know
it took a lot of time away from other work.  I also see your point about
DHCP and Dynamic DNS and how they told you to screw off thats a very
good argument in context for variable addresses, because you were right
on that one for sure.

The bottom line is I am sitting with Steve Deering, Paul Francis, and 
Bob Hinden with my technical beliefs for the most part.  I see no point 
of further replies to this thread its time to make a decision. I will 
build products as you no matter what the decision is for IPng.  I am glad 
the discussion has turned to variable vs fixed addresses which is better 
than this group vs that group.  That much is progress IMHO.  I won't say 
who you may be sitting with in similarities thats for you to say.  But I 
found the Big-10 Packet format not to my technical 'taste'.  I assume that 
will be another long technical discussion we will have soon and an important
one.  But also Steve, Paul, and Bobs too will need discussion, which I
hope we get soon.

My final offer of compromise at my end to the Directorate for variable
addresses technically is to support an 8byte fixed length address in the
main header that is globally unique in the Internet and a variable
address source route optional header if the packet has to leave the
private site (private site is dec.com, microsoft.com, etc..).  Yes we
would need to set up and define the 8 byte address space for such a
purpose and no I do not ask that it be called an EID.  See my mail on
Big-I in a moment regarding source routes in main headers, which I do
not think is a good idea.  Source routing should be a second class
citizen.

This is also my individual position not my companies.  As I said I will
build products for IPng in my company no matter what IPng ends up to
be.  Which is what we have said all along.  But no one is yelling at me
for supporting 16bytes unless someone can show its not enough for 30
years on the Internet.

I guess-estimate the cost to move our 3 host kernels to variable
addresses and the re-training to be about $1.5 million.  To me this is
significant.  This would include the API to insulate the applications as
you suggested, which we mostly have figured out anyway from SIPP
extended addresses.  I do admit I am very cost conscious and have always
been as an engineer for the past 20 years.  I will also admit the
mistakes I have made was trying to save costs when I should have been
less frugal.  But on this one I got to stand pat with the 16bytes with
my caveat of what will change my mind.

p.s. WOW you have two class A addresses and I felt bad with 1 (we
have 50,000+ hosts and growing daily, plus I just started managing my
own subnet for our IPng Internet testing, I don't find it bad at all but
then again I just look at the code if I don't get it).                     

Not offended at my end,
/jim



From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Thu Jul  7 08:23:48 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407070623.AA28019@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: Concern
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 08:23:48 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407062038.AA21171@WC.Novell.COM> from "Greg Minshall" at Jul 6, 94 01:38:41 pm
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Greg,
...
> Pick a maximum sized (all the variable length people want some such).  Say
> it is 32 bytes (seems a favorite).  Let one of {Boeing, MD} use up all 32
> bytes.  Let one of them buy the other.  Voi-splot!  I don't think that is a
> good argument.
> 
> (I think Brian C's argument of preserving a "provider"/"customer" split
> *may be* good, if only someone knew what a "provider" was and what a
> "customer" was...)
> 
I think the point is that to be sure that route aggregation remains
possible when companies merge (or divide), you need this split.
If you don't have it, then a merged company has prefix 12345 for
one division, and 76314127 for another division, and since they
are different lengths they are very hard to renumber in order to
aggregate. Similar things would happen if two service providers merge.

It's true that service provision is recursive, so there may not be
a unique definition of the provider/customer split. If you go very far
down that road, you get to recursively defined address formats with
extensibility at both ends, which is probably not where we want to be.

Now here is a another red herring. It seems to me that a pre-CIDR
IPv4 address is stateless (you know everything about it by inspection),
whereas a CIDR address needs external state (the CIDR mask) before
you can interpret it. Have we discussed whether IPng 16-byte addresses,
or IPng variable length addresses, should be stateless? Does it matter?

  Brian

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Thu Jul  7 08:45:30 1994
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Subject: CLNP, one more time
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 08:45:30 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407061946.AA02809@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> from "bound@zk3.dec.com" at Jul 6, 94 03:46:00 pm
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Jim,

Let's pretend that IPng includes my suggestion of NSAPA addressing
as an _optional_ alternative to 16-byte.

It implies that vendors could include a whole hunk of
code starting "if format=NSAPA then..." in hosts and routers,
and DNS servers I suppose. This is a cost and a pain, even if
the code is inefficient and slow compared to the 16-byte case.
But they could leverage off existing OSI code for routing.
Also the API would probably not be defined (IETF doesn't do APIs).

The alternative is that vendors could decide to return an ICMP
message instead, if they get a packet with an NSAPA source address.
This would be fairly cheap and easy to code.

The market would decide, and I know what it would decide.

Why propose it? I'm seeking a way to get IPng accepted universally,
not only by we slobs who go to the IETF. It's PC, CYA, if you like
but we have suffered (your company has suffered) a lot from the
OSI disease and we need to end it somehow.

If we come out and say "The IETF has rejected all pressure for
convergence with OSI" this will play VERY BADLY over here. If we say
"The IETF has incorporated an OSI addressing option in IP" it will
play very well.

We are choosing IPng on engineering grounds. I don't think that
including an option that nobody will use, on PC grounds, is
that bad though.

You will never get a clear requirements statement for CLNP convergence,
because all the people who might be able to write one are in the
IETF camp anyway. My own requirements statement is very simple:
I need to run DECnet over the Internet, without redesigning our private
addressing plan. I believe we can do that inside a 16-byte address,
if DEC does what it has to do. So actually I don't care at all
about CLNP or NSAPAs as such.

  Brian

From bound@zk3.dec.com Thu Jul  7 10:44:43 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: IPng Convergence (was Re: CLNP, one more time)
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 07 Jul 94 08:45:30 +0200."
             <9407070645.AA28689@dxcoms.cern.ch> 
Date: Thu, 07 Jul 94 10:44:43 -0400
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Brian,

I understand your mail very well.  Also that its hard to define the
requirements, but that does not mean we do not have to do that.

Let me end my comments on this thread as I did with Jim Allard on
variable addresses this way.   I am open to technical discussion for
that which is tasteful to the IETF community.

First I agree with you that we need to end the OSI debate and that
convergence could accomplish that and appease the political issues of
the geographic CLNP camps.   I think the Area Directors should stand up
in front of the IETF or one/two of the Directorate members (like me and
you) and tell them at the plenary we recommend doing this for IPng and for 
those reasons and be totally honest about our motives.  Anything less than 
that is unfair to the IETF community like using back door approaches to get 
this in as part as IPng.

Second we also need to do the same for other protocols IPX, DECnet, and
SNA if we do it for CLNP.  But these protocols are more widely
implementd than CLNP by a long shot.

Now for how to do this.  First my opinion is that the most important one
above in the market is IPX.  This fits in 16bytes.  The others either
will maintain their existing infrastructure, encapsulate within IPng (as
they do within IPv4), or just port to IPng.  But the other option is to
develop mappings for the other protocols into 16bytes.  I will not and
cannot support making IPng >16bytes for protoocols to be carried in the
IPng network layer header.  Even if we had variable addresses I could
not support this idea.  Its too much tax on TCP/IP protocol suite and I
do not think we should ask all to pay that tax.  I know we can figure
out the mappings somehow OK.

The other issue is what does this mean to a vendor building IPng.  

Here is what I think it should not mean:

That at the host I now have to keep state and connections for
multiple address formats and code to extrapolate and process variant
packets.   On a router they are just moving the packets on, but on a
host you have to move that packet up to the application.  If this is the
strategy then we are telling the host vendors that we really are
supporting multiple protocols by supporting multiple IPng network layer
packets.  If what I just said is mandatory in IPng per the Directorate
then I have to walk away from the Directorate and make it publicly
known.  This is an order not an option for me I think.   But if its an 
option then I can support that if the requirements are stated clearly and 
the technical ramifications, and then solutions are worked on in the
IETF.  I think this would be a working group all by itself with a lot of
work.

Here is what I think it should mean:

First the above as an option.  This permits us to let the market live
with the answer for a year or so and see how noisy it gets for all the
protocols.  If its noisy enough and greenbacks are shown on the table
(sorry for the U.S. term) then the smell of revenue will cause the
vendors to solve the problem with this option in IPng.  

Now the hard part for all to swallow:

I also believe once you put an NSAP, IPX, or whatever format in an IPng
packet for covergence you now live and depend on the total IPng suite of
protocols whatever those are to be.  That means you may use OSPF instead
of IS-IS or IPng-ICMP instead of ES-IS as examples.  This makes the cost
of handling convergence acceptable and any transition too.  Let us not
forget our main objective is to move IPv4 to IPng and that is our
primary job here.   Do not tell the vendors they have to support
additional infrastructure below the transport and API.  Use the IPng
suite to be developed, not the ones of past.

/jim

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Thu Jul  7 16:55:37 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407071455.AA11933@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: CLNP, one more time (clarification)
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 16:55:37 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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It's been pointed out that my earlier message might
imply that the only reason for NSAPA support in IPng
is PC. This was not my intention. However, I think
Jack Houldsworth expressed it better than I did, in the
message that Scott relayed on April 14, saying in part:

          As discussed in Seattle, the IT community requires a 
          migration route from both IP and CLNP to IPng whatever the 
          decision turns out to be and this should be taken into 
          account in the decision process - at least in transition 
          planning, at best when making the fundamental choice.
          
          If a migration route from CLNP to IPng exists, there is a 
          chance of persuading ISO/IEC that IPng is a sensible common 
          goal for the future network layer for OSI.  There is also a 
          chance that they could put in place migration from Transport 
          Class 4 to TCP.  Clearly, it would be suicidal for ISO to do 
          either of these things if transition is not possible.
          
          Transition from CLNP to IPng could enrich the Internet 
          Protocol Suite by adding OSI applications to the IPS 
          portfolio in due course.  Market forces would determine 
          which OSI applications survived.
          
          Transition capability would convince the European GOSIP 
          organisations, which are currently against including TCP/IP 
          in mandatory procurement, that including TCP/IP is not a 
          threat which will condemn them to permanent dual stacking 
          and they may relent.
          
          With a route forward to IPng, all the CLNP LAN traffic, a 
          lot of which currently  runs over X.25, becomes potential 
          internet traffic.
          
          The ideal solution is TUBA, which has a guaranteed 
          transition route, but perhaps the key factor is the adoption 
          of NSAP addressing.  It is hard to see a clear migration 
          route from CLNP without it.  Is everyone aware that NSAPs 
          are used by both ITU-T and ISO/IEC and cover data, 
          telephone, TELEX etc.
          
	  ...

          Regards
          Jack

 -- Brian

From craig@aland.bbn.com Thu Jul  7 10:58:55 1994
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: another view on IPng
From: Craig Partridge <craig@aland.bbn.com>
Date: Thu, 07 Jul 94 10:58:55 -0700
Sender: craig@aland.bbn.com


Hi folks:
    
    In my spring reading and research course at Stanford I had my students
write survey papers on a networking topic of their choice.

    One of them (Michael Graven) chose to write on IPng.  I found it an
interesting read and think you might too.  Part of the interest is his
technical comments and part is simply his perspective -- Michael's a
user and one who hadn't been following IPng heavily until recently.

    Note that Michael's an AT&T employee on leave to get a graduate degree
and that AT&T said it was OK to circulate this provided it didn't get into
a journal or similarly permanent medium (which I suspect includes RFCs).

    Also, if you violently disagree with this paper, please yell at me
not Michael -- I asked him if he'd be willing to see it posted (since I
thought folks might find it useful).  If there are things you like -- feel
free to drop him a note.

Thanks!

Craig

E-mail: craig@aland.bbn.com or craig@bbn.com

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Subject: IPng paper: nroff version
To: craig@aland.bbn.com
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 1994 09:47:10 -0700 (PDT)
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          Next-generation internetwork protocols:
                requirements and contenders

                     Michael J. Graven
                    mjg@cs.stanford.edu


                          ABSTRACT


Continued exponential growth in the IP Internet has acceler-
ated efforts to develop a successor to IP version  4.   Many
replacement  proposals  have  been advanced; with time, some
have merged with others.  Two of the proposals under  active
development,  the  ``Simple  Internet Protocol Plus'' (SIPP)
and ``TCP  and  UDP  with  Bigger  Addresses''  (TUBA)  have
emerged as leading candidates to replace IP and become ``IP:
The Next Generation'' (IPng).  Issues relating to the intro-
duction of IPng will be introduced, and the two draft proto-
cols will be evaluated in light of those issues.



1.  Introduction

The explosive growth in computer internetworking in the last
several  years  has  precipitated  a  demand  to upgrade the
infrastructure upon which the  tens  of  thousands  of  con-
stituent  networks  depend.   The  ARPANET  gave  way to the
NSFNET, which is giving way to an amalgam  of  regional  and
interregional  carriers  to  better  handle the needs of the
networked community.

Through the  late  1980's  and  early  1990's,  considerable
effort  was  expended  in  upgrading the Internet's hardware
architecture.  The backbone  networks  were  upgraded  first
from  DS0  56k  links to T-1 speed, then to T-3 speed by the
end of 1992.  It's becoming widely  held  that  Asynchronous
Transfer  Mode (ATM) is the wave of the future and that soon
the preferred architectures will be ATM and SONET, operating
at gigabit speeds among millions of hosts.

But  these  advances in data communications hardware haven't
been  matched  by  advances  in  protocols.   IP  version  4
(IPv4)[1] is still in use, largely unchanged since its orig-
inal  definition  in  1980-81.   Unfortunately,  IP   wasn't
designed for the massive scaling seen in recent years.  Cer-
tain deficiencies in the original  design,  tolerable  in  a
small  network,  have  become  intolerable.  The IP Internet
needs a new network protocol  to  carry  it  into  the  next
twenty-five or more years.


2.  Why a new IP?

In  February, 1994 alone, the InterNIC Registration Services


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 2 -



assigned  more  than  14,700  networks  and  more  than  800
domains.[2]  Further, in January 1994 it was estimated there
were 2.2 million hosts on the IP internet, up from 1.1  mil-
lion in October 1992.[3] This explosive growth is accelerat-
ing the demise of IP.

IP suffers most from two  design  limitations:  the  address
class  encoding  and  the address sizes.  Class encoding and
past address block allocation schemes have  caused  backbone
routing  tables  to  grow  dramatically, and router managers
must continuously add memory to keep track of the ballooning
tables.  At the same time, IP's 32-bit address size is prov-
ing to be too small, given the exponentially-increasing pop-
ularity of networking.

What's more, some features of IP have proven to be less use-
ful than originally thought, and other features have  arisen
in the meantime that network programmers wish were supported
in the network layer.

2.1  A routing nightmare

Until the early 1990's, assignment of IP address blocks  was
relatively  freewheeling;  if an organization could show its
need for a Class B address, it was likely to get one.   Con-
sequently,  any two adjacent network numbers could belong to
entities on different sides of the globe.   This  randomness
can  cause  routing tables to grow with O(n), an undesirable
state of affairs for large n.

In 1993, Vint Cerf offered the following perspective:
     The somewhat embarrassing thing is that  the  net-
     work  address  space  is  under  pressure now. The
     original design of 1973 and  1974  contemplated  a
     total  of  256 networks. There was only one LAN at
     PARC, and all the other networks were regional  or
     nationwide  networks.  We didn't think there would
     be more than 256 research networks involved.[4]

The introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)[5]
and  routing  information  protocols  such  as  OSPF[6]  and
BGP-4[7] are an attempt to impose on network numbers a hier-
archical  order  that  mimics  the  hierarchy of connections
among network providers and clients.  Retroactively imposing
such an ordering is viewed as a necessary condition for con-
tinued scaling of the IP Internet in the short term.  In the
long term, however, even if CIDR becomes wildly popular, the
Internet will eventually run out of addresses completely.

2.2  Address depletion

At the current rate of  consumption,  various  authors  have
predicted  that IP's 32-bit address space will run out some-
time between 1995 and ``the next century.''  The  advent  of


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 3 -



intelligent  home  networks,  ubiquitous personal communica-
tors, and myriad other networked devices is increasing  net-
work  address space consumption.  When we consider the adage
that ``data will expand to fill the  available  space,''  it
becomes clear that a larger, extensible addressing scheme is
required.  Estimates place an upper bound on the  number  of
global  networks  at around 1012, plus or minus a few orders
of magnitude.

2.3  New features

IP currently lacks features that have become popular  rally-
ing cries in the last few years.  Among them are

   o support for flows,

   o enhanced security,

   o node self-configuration (``plug-and-play''), and

   o decentralized address administration.
Supporting  these features in a new protocol would speed its
acceptance.



3.  Requirements for a new IP

Discussion of what IP: next  generation  (IPng)  should  and
should  not  do has been continuing -- sometimes heatedly --
since the early 1990's.  In December 1993, Scott Bradner and
Allison  Mankin  issued  a  call for white papers (RFC 1550)
regarding the  transition  to  IPng.[8]  Their  solicitation
elicited  many  proposals  and requirements documents from a
variety of  system  architects,  network  providers,  users,
etcetera.   These  desires  can  be grouped roughly into two
parts: those that have narrow  technical  impact  and  those
that  affect  the  broader  overall design and deployment of
IPng.

3.1  Design and deployment considerations

3.1.1  Significant  advantage:   Boeing's  Eric   Fleischman
notes in a response to RFC 1550 that users will be compelled
to migrate to IPng only if there is a  good  return  on  the
time  invested to make the change.  A new protocol needs one
or more ``must-have'' applications that cannot  run  on  the
old protocols.  He also observes that most corporations view
networks as means to an end.  To a corporate user, the  net-
work  is  unimportant:  it's the applications that run on it
that matter.[9]





Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 4 -



3.1.2  Smooth migration:  Similarly, Edward Britton and John
Tavs  of  IBM  expressed  the  large  user's desire for easy
(preferably transparent) cross-protocol interoperability and
migration  during  a  cutover.   They  also  assert that the
period of  coexistence  will  likely  be  longer  than  most
designers would like or expect.[10]

3.1.3  Policy-friendly:   The  IP protocol suite as designed
by the ARPANET architects had narrow focus: it was  intended
to  serve  an experimental, best-effort datagram network for
remote terminal access and resource sharing.   IP  today  is
being  used  far  more broadly: for commerce, entertainment,
and other uses.  A consequence of its design scope has  been
a  lack  of native support for features like policy routing,
security control, access control, service  reservations  and
guarantees,  and  so  on.   A  replacement protocol needs to
address these shortcomings.

3.1.4  Multiprotocol support:  The IP Internet has had  such
success  serving  as a host for other protocols that Britton
and others have suggested that to succeed, IPng must provide
equivalent  or  better functionality and must also be easily
encapsulatable itself.

3.1.5  External motivations:  Fleischman, in a discussion of
users'  reasons  not  to migrate to IPng, observes that many
sites will not transition to a new protocol unless  required
to by upper management as part of an international standards
or interoperability movement.  The Internet user of 1994  is
very  different  from the user of 1982, the time of the last
protocol cutover.  Today's  network  managers  are  less  in
academia  and  science than business, and business is driven
by applications, not infrastructure.

3.2  Technical considerations

Partridge and Kastenholz[11] outline a comprehensive list of
technical  requirements  with  which  the IETF will evaluate
IPng candidates, from the protocol designer's point of view.
Other   documents,   by   Britton,  Taylor,[12]  Vecchi,[13]
Brazdziunas,[14] and Bellovin[15] consider  narrower,  often
industry-specific, problems that IPng must address.



4.  The contenders

In  the  last few months, two contenders have emerged as the
leading candidates for IPng.  TUBA[16] and  SIPP,[17]  as  a
result of various protocol mergers and acquisitions over the
last two years, are currently the  primary  alternatives  to
IP.

The  following  feature-by-feature analysis of TUBA and SIPP


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 5 -



addresses issues raised in the white papers and  requirement
documents  mentioned  in the previous section.  Arguments in
the requirement documents are heavily summarized; the inter-
ested   reader   is   referred   to   them   and   the  big-
internet@munnari.oz.au mailing list for further  discussion.

4.1  General principles

Kastenholz  and  Partridge   express a desire for a ``lean''
network layer that offers the minimum  capability  necessary
to  function at layer three.  Their reasoning is an applica-
tion of the end-to-end argument:[18] the network layer do as
little  as  possible and let higher and lower layers satisfy
protocol and user demands.  IPng should also  be  a  ``long-
lived''  protocol,  sufficient to satisfy needs for at least
the next twenty years, since  users  and  vendors  won't  be
willing to trade up their networking code often.

SIPP's  name  implies  one of its design goals in this area:
it's designed to be a simple IP.  The nominal SIPP header is
lean:  it's  only  a  few  bytes  larger than the current IP
header, while still encoding  much  larger  addresses.   The
initial  64-bit  address space ought to suffice for the near
term, and extension facilities are defined if enlarging  the
space  further becomes necessary.  SIPP also has as a design
feature the philosophy that the only  system  to  do  option
processing  should  be  the one addressed in the destination
field; intermediate systems shouldn't need to look any  fur-
ther  in  the packet than the first few words.  To this end,
an arbitrary SIPP packet is composed of a  payload  encapsu-
lated  in  n options, where the first option header contains
as its payload the second option header  plus  its  payload,
which is composed of the third option header, and so on.  Of
course, if no options are needed, the simple case is that of
a  normal  source/destination header and its associated pay-
load, no more.

The TUBA proposal  addresses  the  leanness  requirement  by
offering  to  fix the size of certain variable-length fields
in the CLNP header, to  aid  fast  routing  and  processing.
This  method, however, undercuts a primary scaling and life-
time advantage of CLNP: its  variable  address  length.   In
trying to be lean, TUBA seriously cripples itself.

4.2  Scaling

It  is  estimated that the new protocol will eventually ser-
vice between 109 and 1012 networks, or perhaps 1012 to  1015
end  systems.   Obviously,  routing  in  such a large system
requires a method that scales  with  O(<<n).   It  has  been
observed  that the only method proven to work in this situa-
tion is hierarchical routing,  and  that  addressing  should
follow routing.



Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 6 -



TUBA's  approach,  as  stated  by Ford et al.,[19] is to use
IDRP,[20] ES-IS,[21] and IS-IS,[22]  OSI  routing  protocols
that resemble the currently deployed BGP and OSPF IP routing
protocols as used with CIDR.  Since these protocols and  the
routing  architecture  are  already  specified,  they argue,
there has been more time to implement and  debug  them  than
any new routing ideas.

The  simple case of SIPP routing -- global hierarchical uni-
cast -- is also similar to today's  CIDR-assigned  addresses
in   that   it  has  a  contiguous,  maskable,  hierarchical
address.[23] SIPP explicitly  allows  address  extension  by
using  address  sequences, implemented with nested ``routing
option'' headers.  To support these extensions, additions to
OSPF  are  specified.[24]  Nonetheless,  the general case of
SIPP routing -- if a packet isn't addressed to the receiver,
it's forwarded -- requires only a glance at the beginning of
the packet.

4.3  Flexible topology

The current Internet architecture requires organizations  to
request  address  space  from  a central authority.  Several
large corporate users have expressed their desire to  manage
autonomously  their own address space, which resulted in the
specification and publication of RFC 1597,[25] allowing pri-
vate  internets to do as they please address-wise within the
boundaries of their autonomous  system.   Support  for  this
autonomy  is  desired for IPng as well.  Kastenholz and Par-
tridge  express their desire for the network to scale grace-
fully  among  ``wide''  (many  hosts  at a hierarchy level,)
``narrow''  (few,)  ``short''  (few  levels,)  and  ``tall''
(many)  configurations.   They note that the global Internet
may well include routes with more than 256 hops.

Ford and Knopper's white paper[26] on TUBA notes that  using
the  CLNP  model of logical subnets (areas) that aren't tied
to physical links could result in  solutions  to  the  chal-
lenges that developments like ATM, SMDS, mobility, and reli-
ability pose to the traditional IPv4 model.  SIPP's solution
(``routing  domains'') is similar, and the notion of logical
subnets is common to the two.

4.4  Performance

Kastenholz and Partridge  desire that IPng be  at  least  as
efficient  as  IP.   Their  sentiment is doubtless shared by
most users and designers.  Vecchi  notes  that  IP  networks
delivered  over  coaxial  cable may reach OC-3 speeds sooner
rather than later, and the protocol should be able to handle
such bit rates.

SIPP addresses this problem by limiting option processing to
being done at the receiving host only, unless  a  hop-by-hop


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 7 -



options  header is present, presumed a rare occurrence.  The
TUBA literature makes little reference to this subject.

4.5  Multicast addressing

It is desired that IPng be able to handle wide  area  multi-
cast groups with up to 106 participants, and local groups of
up to 216.  To handle  such  loads,  dynamic  routing  is  a
necessity.

Dave  Marlow  addresses  the  multicast issue in an Internet
draft generalized to CLNP, not just TUBA.[27]  His  approach
is similar to the current approach detailed in RFC 1112,[28]
with modifications for  ISO  routing  protocols  and  packet
scoping.

SIPP  multicasting also uses RFC 1112 methods, with the only
difference being the use of  64-bit  addresses  and  address
sequences instead of current 32-bit addresses.

Both  approaches hinge on current work in multicast technol-
ogy; we can probably expect them  to  evolve,  as  wide-area
multicast is still a relatively new arena.

4.6  Transition mechanisms

The  IPng transition mechanism is perhaps the most difficult
of  the  criteria  to  address.   Kastenholz  and  Partridge
desire  that running a mixed IP/IPng network be no more dif-
ficult than running any other multiprotocol network.

Moreover, Brian Carpenter  makes  several  assertions  in  a
white paper on transition,[29] among which are:

   o internetworking of IP hosts must continue transparently
     until the old hosts are upgraded;

   o transparent IP-IPng header  translation  is  inherently
     dangerous and impractical, if not impossible; and

   o dual-stack   (or  dual-stack-emulating)  code  must  be
     intelligent enough to make the ``right'' protocol deci-
     sion.

4.6.1  Coexistence:   In  the same interview quoted earlier,
Vint Cerf described the last network-layer cutover  (NCP  to
TCP/IP, in late 1982):
     We  used a Link Level Protocol on the ARPANET; NCP
     packets used one set of one  channel  numbers  and
     TCP/IP  packets used another set. So it was possi-
     ble to have the ARPANET turn off NCP by  rejecting
     packets  sent  on  those specific channel numbers.
     This was used to  convince  people  that  we  were
     serious  in  moving  from  NCP  to  TCP/IP. In the


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                            - 8 -



     middle of 1982, we turned off the ability  of  the
     network to transmit NCP for one day.
If  pulling  off  such a stunt were possible today, with the
millions of hosts on the global Internet, the  result  would
likely  be unfettered chaos and moderate revolution.  The IP
Internet is no longer ruled by fiat from Washington, D.C. --
it's far too distributed.

Both  transition mechanisms, therefore, assume IP will coex-
ist with IPv4 for some period of time, and both rely on pro-
tocol tunneling to effect initial deployment of IPng.

SIPP's transition mechanism, IPAE,[30] specifies a mechanism
(the compatibility bit) that allows IPng hosts  to  communi-
cate universally with IP hosts until the IPv4 32-bit address
space becomes non-unique.  At that time, SIPP  communication
with  IPv4  hosts  will be possible only within the smallest
enclosing scope of uniqueness.  This  scope  is  termed  the
``IPv4  reachability  scope'' and is analogous to the subnet
mask currently used to determine  network  reachability  and
forwarding.   The  IPAE plan presumes that dual-stack opera-
tion is not desired, so algorithms  for  communicating  with
IPv4  hosts  are  coded in the SIPP stack.  These algorithms
are relatively straightforward but would be useless if  IPv4
hosts  are completely expunged from the Internet sometime in
the future.

TUBA's transition plan,[31] however, presumes  a  dual-stack
solution  for all IPng hosts for the duration of the transi-
tion.  Such a scheme may prove to be a mistake,  since  many
less-powerful  and  difficult-to-configure hosts already run
too many protocol stacks.  Consider a  Novell  client  today
that  also runs IP; it already runs two parallel stacks, and
adding a third could well overtax the machine or its  admin-
istrator.   Although  Piscitello  asserts  (correctly)  that
``multiprotocol internetworking is very  much  the  norm  in
today's  complex  internets,''  the  fact that it's the norm
doesn't make it right, and the dual-stack requirement  could
well delay or block acceptance of new installations.  On the
other hand, since TUBA uses CLNP, an ISO standard  protocol,
acceptance  may not be such a tough sell, since some systems
already use ISO protocols for communication (DECNet Phase V,
for example.)

Both plans have some assumptions in common: extension of the
Domain Name System to return  longer  address  records,  for
example.[32] [33]

4.6.2  External  factors  Britton and others have noted that
users will be extremely reluctant to migrate away from  IPv4
for a number of reasons.  Some of these reasons include:

   o a desire to leverage legacy investment in IP;



Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                            - 9 -



   o some   hosts'  inability  to  support  larger  protocol
     stacks;

   o a desire or need to run single protocol stack machines;

   o that  services  will  continue to be offered on IP even
     when IPng becomes popular; and,

   o upgrading for the good of all humanity is  not  a  com-
     pelling business case.

The  IPng transition mechanism must address these real-world
business concerns, because a technically excellent  protocol
will be useless unless end-users want to convert to it.

SIPP  seems to provide the better return on investment in IP
hosts; new machines during the cutover period can be outfit-
ted with only the SIPP stack, while still being able to com-
municate with IP devices.  New equipment in  the  TUBA  plan
would  have  to  have  both  the  IP  and  TUBA stacks; this
approach is potentially a waste of money, since the IP stack
will  be deprecated soon after its installation.  Also, some
lightweight hosts may not  be  able  or  willing  to  devote
resources  to  running  two  parallel protocol stacks or one
significantly larger one.  The obvious example is an element
of  a  ``toasternet,''  a  device  (like a light switch, for
example) which today isn't networked, but which could be  in
the  future.  Most of these devices will have the networking
burned into ROM and will have limited capability for upgrade
or change; it would again be wasteful to provide them with a
deprecated protocol stack for the interim.

It seems natural that service  providers  will  offer  their
services  on both IPng and IP until the latter is officially
discarded, to retain customers who have not upgraded to  the
new  protocol.   Again, we cannot rely on market pressure to
speed the transition unless the new protocol offers signifi-
cant  advantage  over  the old -- unless we can provide ser-
vices with the new protocol that the old one is incapable of
supporting.

4.7  Robustness and security

The  Internet  adage that an entity should ``be conservative
in what it sends and liberal in what it accepts'' is nowhere
more  appropriate  than in networking.  Historically, proto-
cols have been developed to limit the effects of malfunction
to only those entities which depend on the damaged host.

SIPP specifies a security architecture[34] in two parts: the
Authentication Header[35] provides  optional  integrity  and
authentication for datagrams, and the Encapsulating Security
Payload[36] provides confidentiality of the datagram's  con-
tents   as   well.   Both  methods  may  be  augmented  with


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 10 -



algorithms beyond the defaults of MD5 and  DES-CBC,  respec-
tively.   The use of DES as a default confidentiality method
may be an obstacle to export of working SIPP code  owing  to
current  US munitions export regulations.  In practice, this
has not been a problem; there exist clean implementations of
DES  at several well-known sites outside US borders, but the
inconvenience is non-trivial.

TUBA specifies a generalized network layer security protocol
for  both  IP and TUBA, based on either IETF or ISO security
protocols.[37]

Both security architectures assume some  (unspecified)  out-
of-band  key distribution service running at the application
level.

Partridge, Kastenholz, and Vecchi all express a  desire  for
IPng  to  prevent  traffic  analysis  security attacks.  The
implicit solution: use of security servers that decapsulate,
re-encapsulate,  and forward encrypted packets.  These secu-
rity servers would have to be on secure nets,  though,  lest
their  output  be  monitored  and traffic analysis performed
nonetheless.

Bellovin expresses several additional concerns,[38]  includ-
ing  the  need  to support firewalls, address authentication
for accounting, and source routing protection.  His comments
on  source  routing apply particularly to SIPP, which relies
on explicit routing of  a  sort  (address  sequences)  as  a
design  feature:  SIPP would have to be deployed in parallel
with a significant security architecture to be useful.

4.8  Media independence

IP has been implemented on a wide variety  of  link  speeds,
from  gigabits  to  tens  of  bits  per second.  IPng should
retain this scalability; it appears that compression methods
applied  to  traditional protocols (Van Jacobson header com-
pression, for example) will also apply  to  low-speed  IPng.
Both  proposals  include low-speed compression of some sort,
and there seem to exist no obvious obstacles to their use on
high-speed nets.

4.9  Datagram service

It  is  generally  assumed  that  IPng  will  be  a faithful
replacement for the IP model of  best-effort  connectionless
datagram  delivery.   CLNP and SIPP both support this model.
However, there has recently been some debate on this subject
on the big-internet mailing list.1

____________________

1. Steve  Deering's  message  on May 15, 1994 summarizes the
   argument.

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                           - 11 -



4.10  Automatic configuration

Any network administrator who has had to renumber  a  subnet
will  applaud Kastenholz and Partridge 's requirement for an
automatic node configuration scheme.  Ideally, a user  ought
to  be  able to plug an IPng node into the network, start it
up, and be a fully-functional peer with no further  configu-
ration.

SIPP  and  TUBA again use similar approaches to achieve this
goal.[39] [40] [41] [42] A host can listen for router adver-
tisements  and  constructs a node address from a combination
of the overheard wire traffic and local identifiers,  or  it
can   query   an   address   server,  perhaps  with  a  sug-
gested/preferred  system   ID,   and   uses   the   returned
answer.[43]  These  schemes  share features adopted from the
current Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).[44]

4.11  Accounting

Kastenholz and Partridge  include  accounting  as  a  ``non-
goal,'' stating that accounting should be fitted to the pro-
tocol after the fact.  Another of their requirements --  the
class-of-service  --  includes  cost as a factor for routing
decisions.  Taylor's view (as a cellular provider), however,
is  that  accounting  at  the IPng layer is required, and he
offers the cellular packet data architecture as a model.

Vecchi, a member of the cable television industry, makes the
observation that ``future broadband networks will be commer-
cially motivated,'' perhaps the most  important  observation
about  the accounting question.  The ARPANET and NSFNET have
been experimental and grant-funded; in the last three years,
an  explosion  of commercial services has shown the business
potential of a widely-connected network.   The  business  of
the network is now business, not research.

Both TUBA and SIPP documents claim that work in the IP arena
on current billing requirements will apply to IPng as  well.
The question of flows may raise some bit of complexity, how-
ever.

4.12  Open access to documentation

Kastenholz and Partridge   express  their  desire  that  the
specification  documents  for  the  accepted  IPng be freely
available and owned by the IETF.  Such access is intended to
promote easy compliance with requirements.

4.13  Extensibility

It  is  desired  that  the architecture of IPng not be bound
tightly to packet semantics; the lesson learned with the  IP
class  address  scheme  is  that  bitfields  are  never wide


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                           - 12 -



enough, and systems  usually  scale  beyond  their  original
intent.  Accordingly, IPng should have extensible algorithms
and data structures.

SIPP's headers-within-headers is an elegant solution to  the
options  problem;  options  become  necessary  first  at end
hosts, and with header encapsulation,  intermediate  systems
don't need to know anything about them.

Both   architectures'  security  systems  rely  on  multiple
encryption  algorithms;  given  the  history  of  encryption
schemes  being  broken  as  often and regularly as they have
been, this seems a reasonable approach.

4.14  Service classes

The recent surge  in  popularity  of  isochronous  data  has
incited  debate about flow support in new protocols.  Vecchi
asserts that flow support (with soft and hard guarantees  of
service)  is essential if television providers are to deploy
IPng.  These problems can be abstracted to division of pack-
ets  into  service classes, a departure from the traditional
IP approach that every packet receives  equal  treatment  in
the network.

Support for service classes is currently being considered by
using flows; SIPP adds a flow identifier  at  the  outermost
SIPP  header,  to allow routers to make routing and queueing
decisions on flows at the packet  level.   Ross  Callon  has
specified  elementary  flow support for CLNP[45] in much the
same way.

4.15  Mobility support

Mobile computing is  growing  more  and  more  popular,  and
efforts  to  add  mobility  to IP must be continued in IPng.
Both TUBA and SIPP documents postulate that mobility support
will be easier in those protocols because of the autoconfig-
uration methods and the lack of a subnet  model  as  in  IP.
These assumptions seem reasonable, and Mobile-IP work should
apply equally well to IPng.

4.16  Tunneling

The popularity of IP as an internetwork protocol has led  to
its  acceptance  as a common tunneling standard.  Appletalk,
IPX, and myriad other protocols are carried over the world's
networks  encapsulated  in  IP,  and it is desired that this
support be continued.  Additionally, since IP is so  ubiqui-
tous  today,  IPng  should be encapsulatable itself in other
protocols, both to ease the transition to IPng now  and  the
eventual  transition  away from it to ``IPngng'' sometime in
the future.



Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 13 -



Neither SIPP nor TUBA has a major obstacle to being encapsu-
lated  in  other protocols, and both have defined methods of
carrying other traffic.



5.  Other arguments

However, this is not to say there is general agreement  that
these  considerations  are  the  best evaluators of an IPng.
Several arguments are ongoing in public debate.

5.1  Address space depletion

Dave Crocker, in a message to the big-internet mailing  list
on May 14, 1994, wrote that ``the sky is getting cloudy, but
it's  not  falling.''   He  echoes  the  argument  of  Ford,
Rekhter,  and Braun that, with the use of CIDR and shrewd IP
address allocation, the 32-bit address space should be  suf-
ficient until the next century, even if the Internet contin-
ues to double in size each year as it has in the past.

This argument seems to reduce the immediacy of the  need  to
make  a  decision  regarding  the preferred architecture for
IPng.  However, we must consider that any IPng will have  to
coexist  for a period of time with IPv4 -- a period that may
approach infinity -- and the longer people have  to  transi-
tion, the better.

5.2  Header translation

Carpenter's  paper on transition asserts that dynamic header
translation will create considerable difficulties.  The crux
of his argument is that since IPng will be a superset of IP,
applications will need to know whether they  are  conversing
with  an  IP  or  IPng  host  to  take full advantage of the
options available in  the  next-generation  protocol.   This
extra  complexity  in  each new application, as well as dis-
tributing the information, could be a source of considerable
pain and suffering.

Carpenter's fears make sense, but we must also consider that
somewhere, header translation will have to take place.  In a
mixed  IPng-to-IP  host  conversation,  either the IPng node
will have to perform implicit header translation (by  speak-
ing  IP), or an external translator (probably nearer the IP-
only node) will have to do the translation on the fly.  This
behavior, though distasteful, is essential to provide inter-
operability among IP and IPng hosts for the interim.

5.3  The baby and the bathwater

In a message to big-internet  in  early  May,  Noel  Chiappa
raised   the   question   of   whether   IPng  should  be  a


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 14 -



reimplementation of the connectionless datagram  service  of
IP,  or  whether  we truly need a wholly new architecture to
revamp the network.

This view is obliquely supported by  Vecchi  when  he  notes
that best-effort datagram delivery may not be sufficient for
advanced television networks.  The  flow  support  currently
specified  is  vague  enough  that it doesn't guarantee any-
thing: Deering and others support this omission  by  arguing
that  the  networking  community has insufficient experience
with flows to make potentially  serious  architecture  deci-
sions  at this time.  Better to leave that until later, they
reason, when we have more knowledge of what it is we  really
need.

The  arguments  against a paradigm shift were articulated by
Deering several days later.  He  noted  that  we  understand
datagram networks very well as a result of the work with IP,
and if what we need is a better datagram network, then  IPng
is a chance to do datagram networks right.

5.4  The hard sell

The installed base of IP networks is very large, much larger
than when the last network transition was attempted in 1982.
As  we've  noted several times, the IP Internet has become a
place to do business.  Business, of course, is not motivated
by research, so the traditional arguments for moving to IPng
will fall on largely deaf ears.  Large corporate users  will
want  to  protect  their investment in IP to whatever degree
they possibly can, even if that  means  eschewing  a  better
protocol.

Fleischman  asserts  that  there  are  very  few  reasons to
migrate to a new internetwork protocol, but that two circum-
stances would increase the chance of succeeding:

   o the emergence of ``must-have'' applications -- not net-
     working technologies -- the so-called  ``killer  apps''
     that run only on IPng; or

   o a  command from senior management to migrate as part of
     a standards or internationalization effort.
The second criteria is the most applicable to the  TUBA/SIPP
decision.   The  ISO  proponents  have argued for years that
international standards, flawed though they may be, have  an
edge  over  homegrown standards that arise from experimenta-
tion and bottom-up  engineering.   An  examination  of  that
argument is well beyond the scope of this document.

However,  the observation that management entities like uni-
formity is an important one.  Multinational enterprises  are
well-versed  in  the  trials  of internetworking T-1 and E-1
data links, and a protocol that could reasonably claim to be


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 15 -



compatible  with an established international standard would
probably be preferable, all other things  being  equal.   Of
course, all other things are not exactly equal, but they are
quite close.


6.  Summary

The Internet Protocol, designed in the 1970's, is due for an
overhaul.   Advances  in  networking  hardware have not been
matched by similar advances in layer three software, and the
IP internet is beginning to creak under the load.

A  call  for design specifications has been issued to deter-
mine the features of a new  IP.   Two  proposals,  SIPP  and
TUBA,  appear  to be the leading contenders for the crown of
being named ``IP: the next generation.''   Their  respective
working  groups  have  produced  voluminous output detailing
each protocol's design solutions to the  problems  perceived
in the current design.

Both  proposals  have an almost equal quantity of strong and
weak points, and choosing between them will not be a  clear-
cut  decision.   Indeed, some have argued that we don't need
to decide now at all!  But progress is inexorable,  and  the
inefficiencies and problems with today's IP will only worsen
with the continued expansion of the  worldwide  network.   A
new IP must be chosen, and it should be chosen soon.




























Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 16 -



                         REFERENCES

  1. Postel, Jon, ``Internet Protocol,'' RFC 791, September,
     1981.

  2. Cooper,  Ann  Westine,  ``Internet  Monthly   Report,''
     February, 1994.  Available at gopher://is.internic.net/
     00/infoguide/about-internet/archives/imr/imr9402.txt

  3. Lottor,       Mark.        Data       available      at
     ftp://ftp.merit.edu/statistics/nsfnet/history.hosts.

  4. Aboba, Bernard, The Online User's Encyclopedia,   Addi-
     son-Wesley, 1993.

  5. Fuller,  V.,  et  al., ``Classless Inter-Domain Routing
     (CIDR): an Address Assignment and  Aggregation  Strate-
     gy,'' RFC 1519, September, 1993.

  6. Moy, J, ``OSPF Version 2,'' RFC 1247, July, 1991.

  7. Y.  Rekhter, and Tony Li, ``A Border Gateway Protocol 4
     (BGP-4),'' Internet  Draft  draft-ietf-bgp-bgp4-10.txt,
     May, 1994.

  8. Bradner,  S., and A. Mankin, ``IP: Next Generation (IP-
     ng) White Paper  Solicitation,''  RFC  1550,  December,
     1993.

  9. Fleischman,  Eric,  ``A  Large Corporate User's View of
     IPng,''  Internet   Draft   draft-fleischman-ipng-corp-
     view-00.txt, February, 1994.

 10. Britton,  Edward, and John Tavs, ``IPng Requirements of
     Large  Corporate  Networks,''   Internet  draft  draft-
     britton-ipng-req-corp-netwrk-00.txt, March, 1994.

 11. Kastenholz,  Frank,  and  Craig  Partridge, ``Technical
     Criteria for Choosing IP: The Next Generation (IPng),''
     Internet  draft  draft-kastenholz-ipng-criteria-01.txt,
     March, 1994.

 12. Taylor, Mark S, ``A cellular industry view  of  IPng,''
     Internet   Draft  draft-taylor-ipng-cdpd-viewpt-00.txt,
     April, 1994.

 13. Vecchi, Mario P., ``IPng Requirements: a cable  televi-
     sion   industry  viewpoint,''   Internet  Draft  draft-
     vecchi-ipng-tvcable-viewpt-00.txt, February, 1994.

 14. Brazdziunas, Christina, ``IPng  Support  for  ATM  Ser-
     vices,''     Internet   Draft   draft-brazdziunas-ipng-
     atm-00.txt, March, 1994.


Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 17 -



 15. Bellovin, Steven M., ``Security  Concerns  for  IPng,''
     Internet Draft draft-bellovin-ipng-sec-concerns-00.txt,
     March, 1994.

 16. Callon, Ross, ``TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses  (TU-
     BA),  A  Simple  Proposal  for  Internet Addressing and
     Routing,'' RFC 1347, June, 1992.

 17. Deering, Steve, ``Simple Internet Protocol Plus  (SIPP)
     Specification,''    Internet   Draft   draft-ietf-sipp-
     spec-00.txt, February, 1994.

 18. Saltzer, J.H., D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark,  ``End-to-End
     Arguments in System Design,''  ACM Transactions on Com-
     puter Systems,  Vol.  2,  No.  4,  November  1984,  pp.
     277-288.

 19. Ford,  Peter  S.,  Yakov  Rekhter,  Mark  Knopper,  and
     Richard Colella, ``TUBA: CLNP as IPng,''  Published  in
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     pher://explorer.nsap.research.ptt.nl/00/tuba/docs/other
     /tuba.connexions


 20. ISO/IEC,  ``Protocol for Exchange of Inter-Domain Rout-
     ing Information among Intermediate Systems  to  support
     Forwarding  of  ISO 8473 PDUs,'' International Standard
     10747, 1993.

 21. ISO/IEC, ``End System to  Intermediate  System  Routing
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     tocol for the Provision of the Connectionless-mode Net-
     work Service,'' International Standard 9542, 1987.

 22. ISO/IEC,  ``Intermediate  System to Intermediate System
     Intra-Domain Routing Exchange Protocol for use in  Con-
     junction  with  the  Protocol for Providing the Connec-
     tionless-Mode Network Service  (ISO  8473),''  Interna-
     tional Standard 10589, 1992.

 23. Deering,  S., P. Francis, and R. Govindan, ``Simple In-
     ternet Protocol Plus (SIPP): Routing and  Addressing,''
     Internet    draft   draft-ietf-sip-routing-addr-01.txt,
     February, 1994.

 24. Francis, P., ``OSPF for SIPP,'' Internet  draft  draft-
     ietf-sip-ospf-00.txt, February, 1994.

 25. Rekhter,  Y.,  R.  Moskowitz,  D. Karrenberg, and G. de
     Groot, ``Address Allocation  for  Private  Internets,''
     RFC 1597, March, 1994.





Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 18 -



 26. Ford,  Peter, and Mark Knopper, ``TUBA as IPng: A White
     Paper,''    Internet    draft     draft-ford-ipng-tuba-
     whitepaper-00.txt, March, 1994.

 27. Marlow,  Dave,  ``Host Group Extensions for CLNP Multi-
     casting,''  Internet  draft  draft-ietf-tuba-host-clnp-
     multicas-01.txt, May, 1994.

 28. Deering,  S.,  ``Host extensions for IP multicasting,''
     RFC 1112, August, 1989.

 29. Carpenter, B., ``IPng White  Paper  on  transition  and
     other considerations,'' Internet draft draft-carpenter-
     ipng-whitepaper-00.txt, March, 1994.

 30. Gilligan, Robert E., Erik  Nordmark,  and  Bob  Hinden,
     ``IPAE: The SIPP Interoperability and Transition Mecha-
     nism,''    Internet     draft     draft-ietf-sipp-ipae-
     transition-01.txt, March, 1994.

 31. Piscitello,   David   M.,  ``Transition  Plan  for  TU-
     BA/CLNP,''     Internet     draft      draft-ietf-tuba-
     transition-00.txt, March, 1994.

 32. Manning,  B.,  and  R.  Colella,  ``DNS  NSAP  Resource
     Records,''    Internet     draft     draft-manning-dns-
     nsap-05.txt, May, 1994.

 33. Thomson,  S.,  and C. Huitema, ``DNS Extensions to sup-
     port Simple Internet Protocol Plus  (SIPP),''  Internet
     draft draft-ietf-sipp-dns-01.txt, March, 1994.

 34. Atkinson,  Randall, ``SIPP Security Architecture,'' In-
     ternet draft draft-ietf-sipp-sa-02.txt, April, 1994.

 35. Atkinson, Randall, ``SIPP Authentication Header,''  In-
     ternet draft draft-ietf-sipp-ap-03.txt, April, 1994.

 36. Atkinson,  Randall,  ``SIPP Encapsulating Security Pay-
     load   (ESP),''   Internet    draft    draft-ietf-sipp-
     esp-02.txt, April, 1994.

 37. Glenn,  K.  Robert, ``Integrated Network Layer Security
     Protocol for TUBA,''  Internet  draft  draft-ietf-tuba-
     inlsp-00.txt, May, 1994.

 38. Bellovin, Steve, ``Security Concerns for IPng,'' Inter-
     net draft draft-bellovin-ipng-sec-concerns-00.txt,  De-
     cember, 1993.

 39. Simpson,  W.  A., ``SIPP Neighbor Discovery,'' Internet
     draft draft-ietf-sipp-discover-04.txt, March, 1994.




Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven





                           - 19 -



 40. Thomson, S., ``Simple Internet  Protocol  Plus  (SIPP):
     Automatic  Host  Address  Assignment,''  Internet draft
     draft-ietf-sipp-auto-addr-00.txt, March, 1994.

 41. Katz, Dave, ``Dynamic Assignment of OSI NSAP  Addresses
     in the Internet,'' Internet draft draft-ietf-tuba-addr-
     assign-00.txt, March, 1994.

 42. Colella, et al., ``Guidelines for OSI  SNAP  Allocation
     in the Internet,'' RFC 1629, May, 1994.

 43. Katz,  Dave, ``Suggested System ID Option for the ES-IS
     Protocol,''     Internet     draft     draft-ietf-tuba-
     sysid-00.txt, March, 1994.

 44. Droms, R., ``Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,'' RFC
     1541, October, 1993.

 45. Callon, Ross, ``A Proposal for Adding Flow  Support  to
     CLNP,''  Internet  draft  draft-callon-addflow-support-
     clnp-00.txt, March, 1994.



































Next-generation internetwork protocols                Graven



------- End of Forwarded Message


From stev@mailserv-D.ftp.com Thu Jul  7 16:45:26 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
From: stev@ftp.com
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        ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
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    Brian says:
    
    >         o -  a new IPng working group be formed 
    >                         (chairs not yet final)
    
    SHOUT: YOU MUST FIND AT LEAST ONE NON-US RESIDENT!! YOU MUST!!
    
    (even louder: NOT ME!!!)

(*sigh*) being a WG chair is a considerable amount of work. there are
few non-us residents running WG's because few volunteer. you cant
force people to do these jobs, they do a lousy job if do.
   
    >         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
    >                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
    >                 questions, connecting all the points,
    >                 offering the broadest perspective,
    >                 but not making* architectural decisions,
    >                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.
    
    Call this job "IPng Reviewer". I had to leave before you finished
    this discussion in Chelmsford, but I find the word "architect"
    highly unfortunate. In fact the job description makes it clear
    this is NOT the architect.

please leave the title alone. dave clark will do the "Right thing"(tm).

    >         o -  IPng address allocation procedures be described in
    >                         a document at the earliest possible time
    >                 participation from the IAB and IESG  
    >                 led by IEPG?  
    >                 first distribution of 10% IPng address space 
    >                         to regional authorities be within this year
    >  
    
    Make it 12.5%, it's a lot easier in binary!
    
this is an amazing amount of a limited resource to be giving out, isnt it?
    
    >         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
    >                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
    >                         and CLNP.
    >                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
    >                 along the lines of network topology) 
    
    Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
    a specifc goal or up-front option.
    
this is probably a result of a conversation i had with scott when he
called me to "divide and conquer" the IESG. these two groups had no
names attached to them, but were still suggested as WGs. i noted that:

1) trying to fondle IPX without novell buyin was stupid.

2) trying to "convince" people to do these difficult jobs would be useless.
as i noted above, unwilling chairs make bad WGs.

3) if the job needs to be done, people will come forward to do it.

as a side note, i view the phrase "specific efforts be undertaken" as
implying an "up front option".


    
    Fudge. SIPP and CATNIP have no reasom to continue. Either TUBA should
    shut down, or should be renamed TUNA (TCP and UDP over NSAP
    Addresses) and viewed as a coexistence tool to leverage Internet
    applications over CLNP infrastructure. Most of the basic TUBA work
    matches this approach very well. The less developed parts of TUBA
    (flows, multicast,...) could be moved to "historic" status. If you
    don't want to encourage this, close it down.

this is interesting. i dont see much of a CLNP "infrastructure". but,
i suppose this is an arguement for a time when we dont have something
better to discuss . . . .:)



    I agree there is consensus that this is necessary. Is there consensus that
    it is sufficient? I don't think so, certainly not in the Directorate.
    
      Brian

this echo's a note i saw from bound@dec. i suppose the position paper
shoudl specify where the consensus is viewed as being . . . 








From rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com Thu Jul  7 17:37:34 1994
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Date: Thu, 7 Jul 94 17:37:34 EDT
From: rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com (Ross Callon)
Message-Id: <9407072137.AA03237@pobox.wellfleet>
To: craig@aland.bbn.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re:  another view on IPng



    Also, if you violently disagree with this paper, please yell at me
    not Michael -- I asked him if he'd be willing to see it posted (since I
    thought folks might find it useful).  If there are things you like -- feel
    free to drop him a note.
   
    Thanks!

Craig;

What if we violently disagree with only one part of the 
paper?

I think that in the discussion of transition he completely
missed the very serious problems that can be caused by
translation. Some of us have seen these problems in real
networks, and are very aware of how bad they can be. It is
possible to solve these problems, but only if we are *VERY*
careful about making sure that translation has *NO* semantic
meaning, or we make sure that every semantic change, no 
matter how subtle, has fully understood effects and 
implications. 

I guess my main reaction to the paper was to feel very sad 
that the same very real problem, described over and over 
again by people who have seen the problems occur in real 
networks, does not necessarily cause smart people to actually 
listen.

Ross 


From lixia@parc.xerox.com Thu Jul  7 16:28:45 1994
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From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Wed, 6 Jul 1994 09:27:16 -0700 
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.773623725.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> My SAF/OAF suggestion (16 byte mandatory, NSAPA optional) has the same
> problem, but with some chance that the option would be implemented
> up-front by some vendors.

Brian,
	Your msgs of the last few days push strongly for embedding
NSAPA in IPng.  However I do not recall this has ever been stated as a
requirement previously.


> However, my general sense is that if we do decide for variable length,
> it has to be there from the start. If it is an add-on it will never
> actually get added on.

Really?  I had thought differently.  If it never gets added on, that's
probably because no need to do so; it will be added when, and
perhaps only when, the need rises.

Lixia

From lixia@parc.xerox.com Thu Jul  7 17:30:38 1994
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From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: CLNP, one more time 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Wed, 6 Jul 1994 23:45:30 -0700 
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.773627438.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> You will never get a clear requirements statement for CLNP convergence,
> because all the people who might be able to write one are in the
> IETF camp anyway. My own requirements statement is very simple:
> I need to run DECnet over the Internet, without redesigning our private
> addressing plan. I believe we can do that inside a 16-byte address,
> if DEC does what it has to do. So actually I don't care at all
> about CLNP or NSAPAs as such.
> 
>   Brian

?? really?
If this indeed the case, sorry I had got a wrong impression from your
msgs of last couple of days.

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul  8 08:06:24 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407080606.AA24623@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: Concern
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 08:06:24 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <CMM.0.88.773623725.lixia@parc.xerox.com> from "Lixia Zhang" at Jul 7, 94 04:28:45 pm
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Lixia,
> 
> > My SAF/OAF suggestion (16 byte mandatory, NSAPA optional) has the same
> > problem, but with some chance that the option would be implemented
> > up-front by some vendors.
> 
> Brian,
> 	Your msgs of the last few days push strongly for embedding
> NSAPA in IPng.  However I do not recall this has ever been stated as a
> requirement previously.
> 
I would rather say that it has been stated often over the last 2 years,
but ignored. It's not a message the IETF has wanted to hear. I have been
thinking seriously in the last couple of weeks about how to present
the IPng direction for European audiences, and my renewed comments
about NSAPAs result from this.
> 
> > However, my general sense is that if we do decide for variable length,
> > it has to be there from the start. If it is an add-on it will never
> > actually get added on.
> 
> Really?  I had thought differently.  If it never gets added on, that's
> probably because no need to do so; it will be added when, and
> perhaps only when, the need rises.
> 
Well yes, but it would be such a big change that it would actually
initiate the IPngng discussion and a new transition; it is not
a simple update like changing the TTL value (as in Greg's mail).

  Brian

From iesg-request@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Fri Jul  8 08:51:05 1994
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From: Brian Carpenter CERN-CN <brian@dxcoms.cern.ch>
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Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, iesg@CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 08:51:05 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407072045.AA11245@mailserv-D.ftp.com> from "stev@ftp.com" at Jul 7, 94 04:45:26 pm
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Stev ,

>--------- Text sent by stev@ftp.com follows:
> 
> 
>     Brian says:
>     
>     >         o -  a new IPng working group be formed 
>     >                         (chairs not yet final)
>     
>     SHOUT: YOU MUST FIND AT LEAST ONE NON-US RESIDENT!! YOU MUST!!
>     
>     (even louder: NOT ME!!!)
> 
> (*sigh*) being a WG chair is a considerable amount of work. there are
> few non-us residents running WG's because few volunteer. you cant
> force people to do these jobs, they do a lousy job if do.
>    
Understood. But do you want to spend the next ten years selling less
IPng in Europe, or worse seeing the Internet break? I am extremely
concerned that IPng will be perceived like IP was, as some fiendish
American attempt to get an unfair advantage over European industry.
(Note the word "perceived" there.) This could have very negative
effects indeed (why do you think we wasted so much time and money
on OSI in research/education networks in Europe?). I believe that
we have to work hard to get *real* international participation in the WGs.
Certainly, a co-chair without motivation and spare time is useless.

>     >         o -  an IPng Architect be named (Dave Clark)
>     >                 job description:  asking the exhaustive
>     >                 questions, connecting all the points,
>     >                 offering the broadest perspective,
>     >                 but not making* architectural decisions,
>     >                 that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.
>     
>     Call this job "IPng Reviewer". I had to leave before you finished
>     this discussion in Chelmsford, but I find the word "architect"
>     highly unfortunate. In fact the job description makes it clear
>     this is NOT the architect.
> 
> please leave the title alone. dave clark will do the "Right thing"(tm).
> 
Of course he will, whatever the job title is.

>     >         o -  IPng address allocation procedures be described in
>     >                         a document at the earliest possible time
>     >                 participation from the IAB and IESG  
>     >                 led by IEPG?  
>     >                 first distribution of 10% IPng address space 
>     >                         to regional authorities be within this year
>     >  
>     
>     Make it 12.5%, it's a lot easier in binary!
>     
> this is an amazing amount of a limited resource to be giving out, isnt it?
>     
OK, let's say 6.25% or 3.125% then!

>     >         o -  specific efforts be undertaken to facilitate the creation of 
>     >                 transition plans from other environments, including IPX
>     >                         and CLNP.
>     >                 (where the addresses are globally unique and allocated 
>     >                 along the lines of network topology) 
>     
>     Too vague. I can't sell this in Europe. I *need* NSAPA embedding as
>     a specifc goal or up-front option.
>     
> this is probably a result of a conversation i had with scott when he
> called me to "divide and conquer" the IESG. these two groups had no
> names attached to them, but were still suggested as WGs. i noted that:
> 
> 1) trying to fondle IPX without novell buyin was stupid.
> 
> 2) trying to "convince" people to do these difficult jobs would be useless.
> as i noted above, unwilling chairs make bad WGs.
> 
> 3) if the job needs to be done, people will come forward to do it.
> 
> as a side note, i view the phrase "specific efforts be undertaken" as
> implying an "up front option".
> 
Yes. For me IPX is a practical issue (it will come if it's needed,
and since it is needed, it will come). CLNP is what the French call
a "false problem". My proposal is to add an NSAPA _option_ to IPng,
knowing it would be inefficient, and suspecting that few vendors will
implement it. (Let the market decide.) The reason for doing this "up
front" is saleability of the proposal.

>     Fudge. SIPP and CATNIP have no reasom to continue. Either TUBA should
>     shut down, or should be renamed TUNA (TCP and UDP over NSAP
>     Addresses) and viewed as a coexistence tool to leverage Internet
>     applications over CLNP infrastructure. Most of the basic TUBA work
>     matches this approach very well. The less developed parts of TUBA
>     (flows, multicast,...) could be moved to "historic" status. If you
>     don't want to encourage this, close it down.
> 
> this is interesting. i dont see much of a CLNP "infrastructure". but,
> i suppose this is an arguement for a time when we dont have something
> better to discuss . . . .:)
> 
Oh yeah, it is just so that the TUBA people can do it if they want.
Where's the harm?
> 
>     I agree there is consensus that this is necessary. Is there consensus that
>     it is sufficient? I don't think so, certainly not in the Directorate.
>     
>       Brian
> 
> this echo's a note i saw from bound@dec. i suppose the position paper
> shoudl specify where the consensus is viewed as being . . . 
> 
You saw Scott's posting of the straw poll, you can judge whether it's
a consensus.

  Brian

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul  8 08:51:05 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407080651.AA25825@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: IPng Outline from Scott and Allison

From lixia@parc.xerox.com Fri Jul  8 08:09:29 1994
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Date: 	Fri, 8 Jul 1994 08:09:29 PDT
Sender: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Thu, 7 Jul 1994 23:06:24 -0700 
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.773680169.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> > Brian,
> > 	Your msgs of the last few days push strongly for embedding
> > NSAPA in IPng.  However I do not recall this has ever been stated as a
> > requirement previously.
> > 
> I would rather say that it has been stated often over the last 2 years,
> but ignored. It's not a message the IETF has wanted to hear.

Here's my view: if it should be one of the requirements, then it
should be stated in the requirement doc; if it cannot make there, then
I do not consider it as a requirement.

This whole IPng activity is under IETF umbrella.  If one is
questioning the basic judgment of IETF community, that'd be a
very different issue.


> I have been
> thinking seriously in the last couple of weeks about how to present
> the IPng direction for European audiences, and my renewed comments
> about NSAPAs result from this.

I certainly do not know European audience, so I'd really appreciate
more voices from Europe on this concern (is Jon Crowcroft listening?)


> > > However, my general sense is that if we do decide for variable length,
> > > it has to be there from the start. If it is an add-on it will never
> > > actually get added on.
> > 
> > Really?  I had thought differently.  If it never gets added on, that's
> > probably because no need to do so; it will be added when, and
> > perhaps only when, the need rises.
> > 
> Well yes, but it would be such a big change that it would actually
> initiate the IPngng discussion and a new transition; it is not
> a simple update like changing the TTL value (as in Greg's mail).

I do not think the TTL value is a proper example here either.
But on the other hand, once an address extension option is defined
(presumbly together with transition strategy), could someone explain
why changing it from optional to mandatory would have to initiate an
IPngng discussion?

From bound@zk3.dec.com Fri Jul  8 12:34:12 1994
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To: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
Cc: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, bound@zk3.dec.com
Subject: Re: Concern 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 08 Jul 94 08:09:29 PDT."
             <CMM.0.88.773680169.lixia@parc.xerox.com> 
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 94 12:34:12 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

For what its worth as more input.  I have to present to the European
community and already am getting hate mail cause someone told two of
my European customers Jim Bound said SIPP will replace DECnet.  We are
trying to chase down the source of this rumor and the customer will
help us as this could have been very damaging to Digital and to my
job.  So its getting a bit intense I would say over the pond.  The
customers are fine and I have written personal letters with my field
contacts in Europe and the customer understands whats up now.  But I
sure hope we can locate where that rumor started as its bad enough I
would make a serious issue out of it from whereever it came.   

I think Brians mail is a real issue and we need to have a more
International focus.  But I need to understand how far are we to go
based on what requirement to address the NSAP issue.

Now if the IETF does nothing then I will present my own scenarios and
have already started building them for my customer base.  I would
rather this be done by the IETF for Interoperability issues in a
multivendor networking world.  Right now I am assuming 16bytes.

/jim


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul  8 18:41:38 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407081641.AA12828@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: Concern
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 18:41:38 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <CMM.0.88.773680169.lixia@parc.xerox.com> from "Lixia Zhang" at Jul 8, 94 08:09:29 am
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Lixia,

> Here's my view: if it should be one of the requirements, then it
> should be stated in the requirement doc; if it cannot make there, then
> I do not consider it as a requirement.

I thought we decided to take convergence requirements separately from
the requirements doc?
> 
> This whole IPng activity is under IETF umbrella.  If one is
> questioning the basic judgment of IETF community, that'd be a
> very different issue.
> 
When the IETF reaches consensus, I will accept it; but
that doesn't stop me expressing what I think, does it?
...
> 
> I certainly do not know European audience, so I'd really appreciate
> more voices from Europe on this concern (is Jon Crowcroft listening?)
> 
WADRT Jon, I am thinking about official Europe. They are definitely
not on this list :-)

(WADRT = with all due respect to)
...
> I do not think the TTL value is a proper example here either.
> But on the other hand, once an address extension option is defined
> (presumbly together with transition strategy), could someone explain
> why changing it from optional to mandatory would have to initiate an
> IPngng discussion?
> 
It wouldn't have to, it is just my feeling that it is likely
to re-open the whole discussion. I could be wrong.

    Brian

From mak@aads.net Fri Jul  8 13:36:14 1994
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From: Mark Knopper <mak@aads.net>
Message-Id: <199407081736.NAA19189@aads.net>
Subject: BigTen to SIPP comparison
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 13:36:14 -0400 (EDT)
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Hi. The following outlines the essential differences between the BigTen
and SIPP packet formats. We should use this to understand what tradeoffs
we are making and why. I think we need to be giving more feedback about
our discussions on this issue to the wider community.
	Mark



------

Comparison between the BigTen and SIPP  Packet Formats
Yakov Rekhter, IBM Watson
Peter Ford, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Draft: 6 July, 1994

This is a preliminary attempt to document the differences between the 
BigTen and SIPP packet formats.  We will attempt to document the 
rationale of the design decisions made in the BigTen packet format.  
It will be useful to collect the same rationale information for the 
SIPP design for the sake of analysis of the two protocols. 

It should be noted that BigTen and SIPP have many features in common.  
Both eliminate fragmentation as a primitive header function and both 
eliminate the header checksum found in IPv4.  SIPP and BigTen use 
eight bit fields to encode protocol type and hop count field.  Both 
proposals make use of an optional encapsulation header for security 
features such as authentication.

Note that each design can further borrow from the other, for example 
both designs can use the protocol field to code other options 
following the initial packet header.  Subsequent header processing is 
used by both SIPP and BigTen for extendability.


1. Address Format.

SIPP uses fixed width, 16 byte, addresses.  Any type of address 
(unicast, multicast, cluster, etc.) is coded in 16 bytes.  High order 
bits of the address are used to encode the address type.  Sixteen 
bytes is used to allow for host addresses that are autoconfigured in 
the same manner as IPX addresses, where the low order bytes code an 
end system identifier such an IEEE 802 MAC address.
	
BigTen uses variable length addresses.  BigTen addresses are multiples 
of 8 bytes to facilitate high speed processing and to preserve 64 bit 
alignment of address fields.  The length of each address element is 
coded as part of the first byte.  High order bits of the address are 
used to encode the address type.

BigTen uses variable length addresses to accommodate a variety of 
types of addresses that are to be coded in address elements.  Short 
encodings can be used yielding efficient resource utilization (e.g.  
bandwidth, storage for routing tables, memory access to data 
structures, etc.).  Variable length encoding is cost effective 
over-engineering (e.g.  insurance) that allows coding of long 
addresses where and when necessary.  It is expected that globally 
unique unicast addresses will be coded as 16 bytes.  Cluster addresses 
private unicast addresses, and "local use" unicast addresses (e.g.  
two systems living on the same wire or switch) can be coded in 8 
bytes.  Multicast addresses can be either 8 or 16 bytes.

2. Routing functionality.

As the Internet evolves as a world-wide heterogeneous network with 
multiple service providers, the conventional hop-by-hop routing 
paradigm is not sufficient to address new requirements (see Unified, 
Nimrod).  Both BigTen and SIPP advocate the use of source routing to augment 
hop by hop routing.

SIPP will code source routes in an optional source routing header.  A 
source route will be coded as a sequence of SIPP addresses, where a 
SIPP address will either be a cluster address or an unicast 
address.  

SIPP supports only loose source routing.
 
The BigTen packet format explicitly codes source routes as part of the 
packet header.  The source route is coded as a sequence of address 
elements in the header.  Each element is either a cluster or a unicast 
address.  The header has a field that points to the current active 
source routing element. 

BigTen supports both loose and strict source routing.  Each address 
element carries an indication whether forwarding to the next element 
should be strict (share a common subnetwork) or loose.

The BigTen packet format allows the source to specify packet handling 
in the case the source route can not be satisfied.  The BigTen header 
allows the source to specify whether a router, that is not able to 
forward a packet as specified by the source route, should forward the 
packet based solely on the destination address, or whether the packet 
should be discarded.

The source can mark a BigTen packet as to whether an error message 
should be sent back to the source in the event of source route 
failure.

3. Flow handling.
	
SIPP has a flow-ID field of 24 bits.  The field is always present in a 
SIPP header.  A Flow ID is globally unique by catenating the SIPP 
source address with the contents of the flow ID field.  The actual 
application of flow ids is currently subject to the outcome of the 
integrated services working group.

BigTen has an optional flow-ID; a bit in the packet header specifies 
whether a 32 bit flow-ID is present.  The actual application of flow 
ids is currently subject to the outcome of the integrated services 
working group.

4. Error notification

Both SIPP and BigTen use ICMP style error reporting.

As previously noted, the BigTen packet format permits the source to 
indicate whether error reporting is desired.  If the source indicates 
that no error reporting is necessary, then the entity (e.g.  router or 
end system) that detects an error does not send an error message 
back to the source.
 
5. Total length of a packet.

The maximum packet length for a SIPP packet is 2^16.  This conforms to 
the IPv4 packet length.

The maximum allowed packet length with BigTen is 2^20. 
  
Increasing the maximum allowed packet length is important for 
improving the performance of applications requiring very high speed 
(Gbits to per second).  There are TCP extensions developed to optimize 
TCP performance with high bandwidth delay products.  Empirical data [4] 
shows a non-negligable improvement in TCP throughput as MTU 
changes from 32K to 64K (from 550 Mbits/sec to 631 Mbits/sec).

6. Spare bits in the header.

All of the bits in the SIPP header are in use.  Additional 
functionality will be coded as extension headers.
	
The BigTen specification has 4 spare bits reserved for future use.   
Additional functionality can also  be coded using options.

7.End to End Option Header

BigTen defines an end to end option header that is used to encode 
options that are meaningful in the context of hosts.  Routers will 
ignore this header.  As illustration of this capability consider the following 
example: in the future you might want to pass the address of your own 
TCB to a peer so the peer can send it back to facilitate 
demultiplexing of reverse flow packets.  This information will be 
carried as an option in the end to end option header where the type 
of option indicates that if the option is not "understood" the host 
must ignore it and continue processing the remainder of the packet.
This allows upgrading of the protocol in  a backward compatible 
manner.  This appears to be a good way to satisfy future extension 
of IPng [1].

References:

[1] Kastenholtz, F., Partridge, C., "Technical Criteria for Choosing
IP:The Next Generation (IPng)", Internet Draft,
draft-kastenholz-ipng-criteria-02.txt

[2] Nicholson, A., Golio, J., Borman, D., Young, D., Roiger, W.,
"High Speed Networking at Cray Research", ACM CCR, Vol 21, No 1,
January 1991


From bound@zk3.dec.com Fri Jul  8 14:23:19 1994
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To: mak@aads.net
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: BigTen to SIPP comparison 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 08 Jul 94 13:36:14 EDT."
             <199407081736.NAA19189@aads.net> 
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 94 14:23:19 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Mark,

This document will become null and void once Steve puts out the new
SIPP draft based on 16bytes.  So is this premature.  I don't want to
waste my time doing this twice.  We have already done this internally
so I will be interested if we agree with the technical content.

p.s. Steve will we have a new SIPP doc shortly.........

thanks
/jim

From bound@zk3.dec.com Fri Jul  8 14:24:59 1994
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Big-10 Specs
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 94 14:24:59 -0400
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Scott and Allison,

Where does big-10 sit as a spec?  Where does what Steve will do with
16byte SIPP sit as a spec?  I think we will be asked this question and
we need to asnwer this. I have already been asked and not sure what to
say?

thanks
/jim

From bound@zk3.dec.com Fri Jul  8 14:46:37 1994
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To: bound@zk3.dec.com
Cc: mak@aads.net, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: BigTen to SIPP comparison 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 08 Jul 94 14:23:19 EDT."
             <9407081823.AA08715@xirtlu.zk3.dec.com> 
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 94 14:46:37 -0400
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Mark,

Just in case when I said null and void I meant I only want to do the
work toi compare the Big-10 spec agains one sipp doc.  Not that
>Big-10 would be null and void.

/jim

From bound@zk3.dec.com Fri Jul  8 16:55:46 1994
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To: craig@aland.bbn.com
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: IPng Grad Student paper (Mike Graven)
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 94 16:55:46 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Craig,

I thought the paper was very good and useful. Please let Mike know.
And thanks for sharing that with us.

/jim

From laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US Fri Jul  8 16:18:55 1994
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From: Lois Keiper <lkeiper@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
MMDF-Warning:  Parse error in original version of preceding line at IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Subject: IPng Teleconference, July 11 1994
Cc: laylestock@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Message-ID:  <9407081613.aa09246@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

>UPDATE:

>
>The names marked with an asterisk are those who have confirmed participation
>for the IPng teleconference scheduled for July 11, 1994 at 11:30 - 1:30
>EDT.
*****It is very important that I receive your regret/RSVP so accurate
>arrangements can be made with AT&T.  It is most appreciated.  Thank you.
>
>
>
>
>                       J. Allard               206-936-9031
>                       Steve Bellovin          908-582-5886
>                      -Jim Bound                 REGRETS
>                       Scott Bradner           617-495-3864
>                       Ross Callon             508-436-3936
                       *Brian Carpenter         +41 22 767 4967*
>                       Dave Clark              617-253-6003
                        John Crowcroft          +44 71 380 7296
>                      *Steve Coya              703-620-8990*
>                       John Curran             617-873-4398
>                      *Steve Deering           415-812-4839*
>                      *Dino Farinacci          408-668-4696*
>                      *Eric Fleischman         206-957-5334*
>                       Paul Francis            +81 33 928 0408
                        Frank Kastenholz        508-685-4000
>                       Daniel Karrenberg       +31 20 592 5065
>                       Mark Knopper            313-741-5445
                        Craig Partridge         415-812-4415
>                      *Allison Mankin          will call in*
>                      *Greg Minshall           408-577-7511*(may call in)
                        Rob Ullmann             617-693-1315
>                      *Lixia Zhang             415-812-4415*
>
>
>If you need to be added to the teleconference call in progress, please call
>1-800-232-1234 or for the international participants, 516-424-3151.  The call
>can be referenced by the confirmation number -ER21499 in the orginators name,
>Steve Coya.
>
>Thanks
>
>
>Lois
>
>
>

Lois J. Keiper
IETF Secretariat





From jcurran@nic.near.net Fri Jul  8 23:10:56 1994
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To: Lois Keiper <lkeiper@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us>
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, laylestock@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us
Subject: Re: IPng Teleconference, July 11 1994 
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 08 Jul 1994 16:18:55 -0500.
             <9407081613.aa09246@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US> 
Date: Fri, 08 Jul 1994 23:10:56 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407082312.aa06043@nic.near.net>

--------
] From: Lois Keiper <lkeiper@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us>
] Subject: IPng Teleconference, July 11 1994
] Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 16:18:55 -0500
] >
] >The names marked with an asterisk are those who have confirmed participation
] >for the IPng teleconference scheduled for July 11, 1994 at 11:30 - 1:30
] >EDT.
] *****It is very important that I receive your regret/RSVP so accurate
] >arrangements can be made with AT&T.  It is most appreciated.  Thank you.

Sorry folks; I will not be able to make this conference call.
/John

From yakov@watson.ibm.com Sun Jul 10 11:38:06 1994
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Date: Sun, 10 Jul 94 11:38:06 EDT
To: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: NRENAISSANCE report and IPng

Folks,
I'd like to repost the following directly to the IPng
Directorate. I would be interested to hear the Directorate's
opinion on the relevance of the NRENAISSANCE commitee
report to the IPng design, and if the report is viewed as
relevant, then how the Directorate plans to deal with the
issues brought by the report.
Yakov.

******  The following is a COPY  *****************************
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Date: Sun, 10 Jul 94 11:05:06 EDT
To: big-internet@munnari.oz.au, mankin@cmf.nrl.nay.mil, sob@harvard.edu
Subject: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements

Ref:  Your note of Thu, 7 Jul 1994 14:07:10 -0400

Folks,

The following quote is from "Realizing the Information Future -- the
Internet and Beyond" (NRENAISANNCE Committee Report):

  "The migration to a new address space will be a major upheaval that
   will affect users, network providers, and vendors. Unifying
   the various network communities, the Internet, the cable industry,
   and the telecommunications industry is an additional complex
   undertaking that will not happen unless there is a clear and
   explicit advantage.  An effort to define a single overarching
   architecture is the only context in which this integration can
   be motivated. It will take careful consideration to plan and
   implement a scheme that properly resolves such major concerns
   as an appropriate addressing scheme, interim management actions,
   and migration plans. This implies that overarching architectural
   decisions for the NII, such as addressing, must be made in a context
   with an appropriate long-term vision and architectural overview.

     Wide-ranging discussion is needed on the requirements for
   next-generation integrated addressing, with the goal of
   determining what the scope of this coming address space should
   be. It is critical that the requirements be appropriately specified."

Correct me if I am wrong, but I don't think that *today* we have
"a single overarching architecture".

Correct me if I am wrong, but I don't think that *today* we have
"the requirements for next-generation integrated addressing".

In absence of *both* the architecture *and* the requirements
for next-generation intergrated addressing, the only way to
define the IPng packet format *without* waiting for the architecture
and the requirements is to make a guess. The guess needs to
factor in the uncertainty about the architecture and the
requirements. The guess suggested by Scott and Allison -- fixed
length 16 bytes for all address types (unicast, cluster, multicast)
that carries both EID and locator semantics seems to be too
rigid and too constrained in view of the above.

I think that a better (more flexible and less constrained) guess
is the following:

  (a) Separate unicast EID from unicast locators, with unicast EID of
      fixed length and unicast locators of variable length (perhaps
      multiple of 8).
  (b) Cluster locators of variable length (perhaps multiple of 8).

Yakov.

P.S. Let me suggest that we'll pay a serious attention to the
NRENAISSANCE committee report. The committee membership represents
the top experts in networking (Leonard Kleinrock, Cynthia Braddon,
Dave Clark, William Emery, Dave Farber, A.G. Fraser, Russell Hensley,
Lawrence Landweber, Robert Lucky, Susan Nutter, Radia Perlman,
Susanna Schweizer, Chales Taylor, Thomast West, Robert Kahn).

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Sun Jul 10 19:04:17 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407101704.AA11126@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: NRENAISSANCE report and IPng
To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 1994 19:04:17 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
In-Reply-To: <199407101539.LAA29733@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> from "yakov@watson.ibm.com" at Jul 10, 94 11:38:06 am
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> 
>    " Wide-ranging discussion is needed on the requirements for
>    next-generation integrated addressing, with the goal of
>    determining what the scope of this coming address space should
>    be. It is critical that the requirements be appropriately specified."
> 
I bet that the charge to the committee that designed NSAPA format
was much like this.

   Brian

From bound@zk3.dec.com Mon Jul 11 01:22:39 1994
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To: yakov@watson.ibm.com
Cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: NRENAISSANCE report and IPng 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 10 Jul 94 11:38:06 EDT."
             <199407101539.LAA29733@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil> 
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 94 01:22:39 -0400
X-Mts: smtp

Yakov,

I am sending this from White Mountains on PC from a Cabin then I am out
of touch until July 18th.  I guess you could say I am 'mobile' (like the
song by the Who).

>The following quote is from "Realizing the Information Future -- the
>Internet and Beyond" (NRENAISANNCE Committee Report):

>Correct me if I am wrong, but I don't think that *today* we have
>"a single overarching architecture".

We will with IPng its going down right now.

>I think that a better (more flexible and less constrained) guess
>is the following:
>
>  (a) Separate unicast EID from unicast locators, with unicast EID of
>      fixed length and unicast locators of variable length (perhaps
>      multiple of 8).
>  (b) Cluster locators of variable length (perhaps multiple of 8).
>

I have been preaching (exactly) this since Februrary 94, but we would have 
to take the risk of breaking the IP model for scalability.  See concerns by 
Dave Crocker and Bob Hinden in Big-I archives.  Plus the Big-10 meeting you
were at convinced me we don't know enough about EIDs and Locators right
now to move this way right now.

But this will be my I told you so card I will keep in my hip pocket.

>P.S. Let me suggest that we'll pay a serious attention to the
>NRENAISSANCE committee report. 

Well Craig Partidge sent us mail from one of his grad students that did
an IPng recap and that was good input too.  If you have not guessed I am
not one to be impressed by credentials or names but rather what you are
doing at that moment in time per the task at hand.  So I consider this
very valuable but I also consider valuable the conversations I have had
with network systems managers, Jr Programmers, and some other
individuals who are not even known by the world who work with IP every
day.  I am not saying its not important but a report does not and cannot
alter my thinking after 1 year of hard work and working with the
Directorate and many in the IETF to formulate my ideas and technical
beliefs and finally the consensus I accept to begin the initial building
blocks of IPng )---> 16bytes fixed.

Of course after I hike 46 miles across the White Mountains and then ride
my Harley Davidson through the Maine North Woods and down the New
England Coast to come home and it being OK I only have a few pairs of
underware and don't care if I don't take a bath I guess the above fits
with my MO.   And the above should make sense from where I sit.
Whatever.  Its pretty SIMPLE to me.  Actually we do take showers at
campgrounds when riding around.

take care,
/jim



From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul 11 08:38:11 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407110638.AA20888@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: The discussion on big-i
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 08:38:11 +0200 (MET DST)
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Directorate,

I've been keeping a rough count of the people who have
actually answered Scott & Allison's question. All the responses
I have seen were on big-i, and I have ignored all messages that
discussed the question rather than answering it.

For what it's worth (not much, since only 13 people actually
answered the question), what I noted was:

8 bytes are enough:      2
16 bytes fixed is fine:  6
variable is necessary:   4
need more than 16 bytes: 1

   Brian

From yakov@watson.ibm.com Mon Jul 11 08:42:02 1994
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Date: Mon, 11 Jul 94 08:42:02 EDT
To: bound@zk3.dec.com
cc: ipng@radegond.cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: NRENAISSANCE report and IPng

Ref:  Your note of Mon, 11 Jul 94 01:22:39 -0400


Jim,

>> I think that a better (more flexible and less constrained) guess
>> is the following:
>>
>>    (a) Separate unicast EID from unicast locators, with unicast EID of
>>        fixed length and unicast locators of variable length (perhaps
>>        multiple of 8).
>>    (b) Cluster locators of variable length (perhaps multiple of 8).
>
>I have been preaching (exactly) this since February 94...

Could we agree that this is a *highly* desirable design objective ?

>... but we would have to take the risk of breaking the IP model for
>scalability. See concerns by Dave Crocker and Bob Hinden in Big-I
>archives.

I think that the issue of "breaking the IP model for scalability"
deserves a careful analysis. May I suggest that perhaps a BOF
at the IETF would be an appropriate way to make a progress on this
issue.

>Plus the Big-10 meeting you were at convinced me we don't know enough
>about EIDs and Locators right now to move this way right now.

The other side of your observation is that if we want to move
right now, we better come up with a design that wouldn't "paint us
in a corner" -- it should allow extensibility, especially in the
area of addressing and routing (as these two functions are
fundamental to the network layer).

>I accept to begin the initial building blocks of IPng )--> 16 bytes
>fixed.

While it is ok to define "the initial building blocks" now,
I would suggest that we better make this "initial building block"
extensible *from the beginning*. Or otherwise, we have a good
chance that the "initial building block" would at some point in
the future turn into a stumbling block on the path of the evolution
of the Internet.

Yakov.

From almes@ans.net Mon Jul 11 09:57:50 1994
Forwarded: Mon, 18 Jul 94 02:17:19 -0400
Forwarded: "sob@harvard.edu "
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Date: Mon, 11 Jul 94 9:57:50 EDT
From: Guy Almes <almes@ans.net>
Cc: almes@ans.net
Subject: Re: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements
In-Reply-To: Your message of Thu, 7 Jul 1994 14:07:30 -0400
To: IPng Area Directors <mankin@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.2.773935070.almes@home.ans.net>

Scott and Allison,
  First the short answer and then a (fairly short) rationale.
  I believe an
	8-byte fixed-length address
is the best option, but would also be happy with
	16-byte fixed-length address
as a compromise.

  Rationale: I note from the IPv4 CIDR effort that Internet engineers can
work well to work within a fixed-length space, and that they can creatively
make use of the variable-length prefix notion within a fixed-length total
address size.  There is thus *no global design for field sizes* within CIDR,
and this is all for the good.
  I believe that, with some coordination and discipline we could do the same
within a 8-byte fixed-length address for the indefinite future.
  I observe, however, that when the 16-byte fixed-length idea was floated
widely after the Chicago meeting, many otherwise sane members of the
community came forward with plans for using the larger address, not to
support scaling or longevity issues, but to make working within it more
convenient or for solving other problems that have nothing to do with primary
ROAD issues.  I don't mean to suggest that all proposals had this property,
but the general pattern left me with the uncomfortable feeling that the extra
8 bytes would be spent on avoiding the need for Internet discipline and
coordination, and that in the long run we'd be no further toward meeting our
ROAD objectives.
  I therefore advocate 8-byte fixed-length in principle, with the
understanding that this would require some discipline and coordination.  If,
having tried to work within this framework, the honest belief is that 16
bytes are needed, then I'd *readily* accept the larger address.

  In short, I support working within a large fixed-length address space with
the understanding that discipline and coordination in the spirit of CIDR will
be required for a healthy Internet in the future.  I believe 8 bytes would
suffice, but would go for 16 bytes if the consensus is that that would be
needed *even with discipline and coordination*.
  I fear that variable-length addresses would make it too easy to quickly get
into a world where 'taking the easy path' would tend to make these addresses
quite large.
  I similarly fear that fixed-length addresses that are too large would lead
to the theoretical gains being frittered away too easily.
	-- Guy

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul 13 09:01:30 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407130701.AA20041@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: What to do?
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 1994 09:01:30 +0200 (MET DST)
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Directorate,

It is fairly clear that the variable v. fixed debate will
not reach a conclusion in the Toronto BOF.

I am coming to the view that the best chance of consensus
is Lixia's (if I remember correctly) proposal, i.e.
16 byte fixed recommended, 8-24-32 optional but
not implemented. Whether or not to exercise the option
could be an ongoing WG discussion for the next few decades.

(Of course, an NSAPA format could be a sub-option, so everybody
is happy in some sense.)

   Brian

From jallard@microsoft.com Wed Jul 13 18:06:39 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 94 18:06:39 TZ
Subject: RE: Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994

| ******It is very important that I receive your regret/RSVP so accurate
| arrangements can be made with AT&T.  We are trying to avoid further delays
| and improve communications.  Thank you.

sign me up. hey, what happened to the last name there?

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From smb@research.att.com Wed Jul 13 07:24:40 1994
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Received: by gryphon; Wed Jul 13 07:24:41 EDT 1994
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: What to do? 
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 94 07:24:40 EDT

	 Directorate,

	 It is fairly clear that the variable v. fixed debate will
	 not reach a conclusion in the Toronto BOF.

The only chance is for Paul Francis's suggestion:  that folks try
to find something that just won't work with the other proposal.

	 I am coming to the view that the best chance of consensus
	 is Lixia's (if I remember correctly) proposal, i.e.
	 16 byte fixed recommended, 8-24-32 optional but
	 not implemented. Whether or not to exercise the option
	 could be an ongoing WG discussion for the next few decades.

Although I support variable-length addresses, I don't think this will
fly.  As others have pointed out, the code is too likely to be buggy
or even unimplemented, and we won't know till it's too late.  I
personally find this to be a much stronger argument against variable
length addresses than the performance issue (though given my vote,
which I'm not changing, I don't find it persuasive).

From lixia@parc.xerox.com Wed Jul 13 06:50:29 1994
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Date: 	Wed, 13 Jul 1994 06:50:29 PDT
Sender: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
From: Lixia Zhang <lixia@parc.xerox.com>
To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
Subject: Re: What to do? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of Wed, 13 Jul 1994 00:01:30 -0700 
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Message-ID: <CMM.0.88.774107429.lixia@parc.xerox.com>

> Directorate,
> 
> It is fairly clear that the variable v. fixed debate will
> not reach a conclusion in the Toronto BOF.

You mean, *not everyone* will agree on one solution.
(isn't that what "rough" means in Dave Clark's famous "rouhg
consensus" quote? :-)

> I am coming to the view that the best chance of consensus
> is Lixia's (if I remember correctly) proposal, i.e.
> 16 byte fixed recommended, 8-24-32 optional but
> not implemented. Whether or not to exercise the option
> could be an ongoing WG discussion for the next few decades.

What I suggested is to *study* and add options.
I more and more feel that, if we bother to go variable, the current
8-24-32 proposal does not go far enough, e.g. not extensible to the
left, not possible for *unlimited* growth (as people have falsely
believed, that if they go variable this time, they'd be done once and
forever).

I do not think adequate research has been done on the topic, so
variable size is *not* ready for prime time yet (more fundamental open
issues, not just implementation concern).


From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Wed Jul 13 17:37:59 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407131538.AA02467@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: IPng ADs Wish to Gauge Consensus on Address Length Requirements
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 1994 17:37:59 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <9407131525.AA01103@ginger.lcs.mit.edu> from "Noel Chiappa" at Jul 13, 94 11:25:01 am
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(Brian)
>     Which prejudices me in favour of topologically meaningful, hierarchical
>     locators.  Which will tend to be longer than the mathematical minimum.
> 
(Noel)
> Exactly... but do you believe that these are inherently variable length things,
> which we are trying to represent in a fixed-length field?
> 
I was trying to avoid that particular part of the debate. But yes,
you are correct, if it matters. Which it doesn't, if the fixed
length is long enough.

(Steve D)
> Nobody is arguing for anything other than topologically meaningful,
> hierarchical locators.  If you think that my arguments are based on
> *not* having topologically meaningful, hierarchical locators, you
> need to do a reset.
>
NO, I think the argument is about the minimum length to painlessly
achieve them.

  Brian

From scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US Wed Jul 13 17:38:28 1994
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
cc: lkeiper@CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Subject: Telechats
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 94 17:38:28 -0400
From: Steve Coya <scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
Message-ID:  <9407131741.aa12633@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

Folks,

Lois will be sending out the announcement for Monday's telechat in a
few minutes. PLEASE let her know if you will or will not be
participating, and whether or not you will be calling on or waiting for
the call.

If you're waiting for the call, please try to answer personally (as
opposed to delegating to the answering machine). However, it is far
more important to let us know if you will or won't be participating
and, if you will, if you'll be calling in.

Thanks.


Steve

From rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com Wed Jul 13 18:57:09 1994
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From: rcallon@pobox.wellfleet.com (Ross Callon)
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Subject: Re:  Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994



	>>                       Ross Callon             regrets

I will be out of town, at the ATM Forum meeting in California.

Ross

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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 1994 18:11:25 -0500
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
From: Lois Aylestock <laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
Subject: Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994
Cc: laylestock@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Message-ID:  <9407131806.aa12903@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>


>
>>ANNOUNCEMENT
>
>>
>>The names marked with an asterisk are those who have confirmed participation
>>for the IPng teleconference scheduled for July 18, 1994 at 11:30 - 1:30
>>EDT.

******It is very important that I receive your regret/RSVP so accurate
arrangements can be made with AT&T.  We are trying to avoid further delays
and improve communications.  Thank you.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>                       J. Allard               206-936-9031
>>                       Steve Bellovin          908-582-5886
>>                       Jim Bound               603-881-0400
>>                       Scott Bradner           617-495-3864
>>                       Ross Callon             508-436-3936
>                        Brian Carpenter         +41 22 767 4967
>>                       Dave Clark              617-253-6003
>                       *Steve Coya              703-620-8990*
>>                       John Curran             617-873-4398
>>                       Steve Deering           415-812-4839
>>                       Dino Farinacci          408-226-6870
>>                       Eric Fleischman         206-957-5334
>>                       Paul Francis            +81 33 928 0408
>                        Mark Knopper            313-741-5445
>                        Allison Mankin          202-404-7030
>>                       Greg Minshall           408-577-7511
>                        Rob Ullmann             617-693-1315
>>                       Lixia Zhang             415-812-4415
>>
>>
>>If you need to be added to the teleconference call in progress, please call
>>1-800-232-1234 or for the international participants, 516-424-3151.  The call
>>can be referenced by the confirmation number -ER16042 in the orginators name,
>>Steve Coya.
>>
>>Thanks
>>
>>
>>Lois
>>
>>
>>
>
>Lois J. Keiper
>IETF Secretariat
>
>



From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Thu Jul 14 14:26:02 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407141226.AA01891@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: NSAPAs, inside and outside
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 1994 14:26:02 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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We don't do design in the Directorate, but I'm not
brave enough to send this to big-i.

Anybody able to review this?

    Brian

1. NSAPAs inside a 16-byte IPng address

 The first byte is an IANA-assigned code meaning "this IPng address
 embeds a 15-byte NSAPA". The alignment is a mess, but no worse
 than in a 20-byte NSAPA.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |NSAPA code TBD |     AFI       |    IDI (ICD or DCC)           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             Prefix (3 octets)                 | Area (octet 0)|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 | Area (octet 1)|    ID (octets 0 through 2)                    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|       ID (octets 3 through 5)                 |   NSEL        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

 The AFI will normally be 39 (DCC, digital country code)  or 47
 (ICD, international code designator). The longest prefixes in use
 today, to my knowledge, are 4 octets in NORDUNET (the Nordic academic
 network), so they would have to squeeze down to 3 octets.
 Are there any cases where a 3 octet prefix is unthinkable?

2. 16-byte IPng addresses inside a 20-octet NSAPA

 The first three octets are an IDP meaning "this NSAPA embeds a
 16 byte IPng address" and the last octet is a dummy selector.
 Sorry about the alignment, but it seems very risky to overload
 the selector octet.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |  AFI = 47     |   ICD = ISoc (TBD)            | IPng (byte 0) |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             IPng (bytes 1-4)                                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 |             IPng (bytes 5-8)                                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|             IPng (bytes 9-12)                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 16-19|       IPng (bytes 13-15)                      |  NSEL = dummy |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


---

From jallard@microsoft.com Thu Jul 14 16:49:04 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 16:49:04 -0400 
Subject: FW: summary of Big-Internet messages

|Thanks very much to Bill Simpson who sent us this summary of the traffic
|on the big-i list since we made our request.

this seems heavily biased since peter ford, david piscitello,
and myself were very public in our opinion with regard to v.l.
and we're not mentioned in the survey. i think it's
irresponsible to post something like this w/o confirmation of
its accuracy from a source or two. i didn't bother to keep the
postings, but i certainly know of the three i mention. which
would change the perceived balance dramatically.

i'm not sure what the motivation behind this summary was,
but i question it's accuracy. gee, i wonder what camp
bill is in?

fixed 16- "concensus" is easy to find if that's what you're
looking for. i'm not trying to whine, but using bill simpson
as the judge and jury, especially given the blatently
unprofessional nature of his postings in the past is
bogus.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"


From jallard@microsoft.com Thu Jul 14 17:04:33 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 17:04:33 -0400 
Subject: FW: summary of Big-Internet messages

|Thanks very much to Bill Simpson who sent us this summary of the traffic
|on the big-i list since we made our request.  We thought that it would
|be of interest and Bill agreed to let us send it out.

for the record, i find this "survey" meaningless. there were
at least  3 postings which (ironically) contradicted bill's
personal position which were not reflected here. we cannot
draw conclusions based on this perceived "consensus". i think
all of you know how i feel and saw my personal posts to big-i.
you will note i am not mentioned in the vl debate. imho this
should have been validated by at least one believer in each
of the camps before it was posted for accuracy if we were
to draw any conclusions.

of course if this is how we are going to make decisions, i'll
start urging those which agree with me to post "me too" mail
just so that their vote is counted.

if we really wanted to be democratic, and bill simpson is
so willing to help out, he could write a little app that
people could telnet to and cast their vote based on email
address. 1 vote per big-internet member or registered
ietf attendee. hell, we could let people vote at checkin
in toronto if we really wanted to know. (of course
it would be a zoo at the registration lines w/ peter
giving out tuba posters and deering w/ his sipp
buttons :)

if we got >50% response, i'd believe the numbers. given
the number of people involved in the ietf, 12 people
don't represent the majority in my book. we should be
a little more scientific here, many people simply
don't post their opinions. given the unprofessional
and inflammatory nature of the responses, it is
fairly obvious why this is.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Thu Jul 14 17:57:38 1994
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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 17:57:38 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Message-Id: <9407150057.AA18423@atc.boeing.com>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: My response to Bill Simpson's Poll

Dear Scott and the IPng Directorate,

Even if Bill's polling is accurate and most people do indeed support 8 byte
fixed addresses, his poll didn't summarize the extent of the feelings and
evidence involved. 

That is, I wish to affirm that *I* am personally unable to support an 8 byte 
fixed addressing schema as defined by pre-compromise SIPP for IPng. 
As I said at the Big-10 and reiterated in my subsequent write-up's 
during the past few months, the "pre-compromise" version of SIPP is 
demonstrably broken and will not work as defined.  In my mind, it is 
NOT a viable IPng alternative for that reason.  I am unable to support
such an IPng because to do so would be to support something that I *KNOW*
to be broken.  It simply will not work as defined.  I state this as my 
strong personal conclusion and I also state this as Boeing's official 
spokesman to the IETF.

While I recognize that there are many users with many perspectives and 
that Boeing's opinion is of perhaps little significance in the overall
scheme of things, it is perhaps not hybris to state that such an 8 byte fixed 
address decision for IPng would cause IPng to be dead on arrival. Certainly, 
corporations who felt comfortable with OSI will not be likely to accept 
such an IPng.  After all, the ability to weather unforeseen growth and
the flexibility of CLNP's address space to support our private enterprise
networks is a fundamental reason why CLNP was so popular with the corporate 
mindset -- and, of course, it's international acceptance.  

I believe that once vendors realize the strong feelings of certain 
segments of the Fortune 1000 on this matter, it will be doubtful if 
these vendors would subsequently devote too many resources on developing 
products to support this technology.  Thus, such an IPng may never actually 
"arrive" at all.  After all, a working IPng would be a "hard sell" to 
begin with.  But a broken one?  Let's not waste our time.

Sincerely yours,

--Eric Fleischman

From ericf@atc.boeing.com Thu Jul 14 17:58:47 1994
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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 17:58:47 -0700
From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: My written BIG-10 position


Network Working Group                                        Eric Fleischman 
Request for Comments:  draft                        Boeing Computer Services
IPng Directorate Evaluation Opinion  	May 7, 1994 (modified July 12, 1994)

                       An IPng Evaluation

Table of contents
1.0  Bottom Line
2.0  My IPng "Hot Buttons"
3.0  Reasons for my Conclusion
3.1  CATNIP
3.2  TUBA
3.3  SIPP
4.0  Why I think SIPP's 8 byte Addresses Are Too Small
5.0  Anatomy of a Personal Bias -- or How I Got Here


1.0  Bottom Line.

I believe that TUBA is the only possible alternative available today
to be selected as the IPng if one is to base the selection upon the current
"specifications" of the IPng alternatives.  I state this because I believe
that SIPP is demonstrably "broken as currently defined" and CATNIP lacks 
the necessary maturity/support to be a viable alternative.

2.0 My IPng "Hot Buttons"

I have only a few personal "hot buttons" concerning IPng which need to 
be explicitly noted "up front" for the reader to understand my built-in
biases and presuppositions:
1)  IPng must work -- and work very well.  
2)  IPng must be simple, easy-to-use, scale-able, expandable and endure 
    several decades.
3)  IPng must have a large address space.  I can not believe 8 bytes are
    adequate for the world-wide Internet in 2010.  I prefer 16 bytes if we 
    must have a "one size fits all" approach.  I greatly prefer variable
    length addressing.
4)  IPng must have enhanced functionality over IPv4 so that users will want 
    to deploy it instead of IPv4 -- either that or it must have workable
    (non-broken) IPAE-like element so that users won't know that they have 
    deployed it.
5)  IPng must be able to serve as a convergence protocol upon which all
    datagram technologies may eventually converge.  It should be "one protocol
    to bind them all."
6)  IPng represents substantial (i.e., unbelievably high) potentially 
    non-value added expense for large end users.  There had better
    be an awfully good reason for us to deploy IPng -- and it had better
    endure for several decades if there is any hope for us to justify such
    a deployment via cost/benefit analysis.  For this reason, IPng is a "hard 
    sell" and our vendors had better plan on supporting IPv4 for some time to 
    come -- unless IPng is bundled with "killer applications" or something 
    very surprising happens to the market.

3.0  Reasons for My Conclusion

As one goes down the list of IPng criteria requirements, all three 
alternatives really appear "pretty much of a wash".  I found that my grading 
of the various options vis-a-vis the requirements was more a function of my 
own world view rather than a function of the requirements and alternatives
themselves (i.e., the requirements-to-alternatives mapping was really 
not definitive and demonstrable except on personal-world view 
interpretations) -- except when it came to my still controversial business 
requirements.  This exercise again reaffirmed to me that each of the 
proposals have very different underlying assumptions and world-views which 
makes comparing them somewhat like comparing apples and oranges.  Thus, I 
found that it was very difficult to make any decision what-so-ever and that 
any decision was not based -- in the general case -- upon the type of 
evidence which I would have preferred.  The following is a partial summary 
of how I ultimately concluded that TUBA was the best alternative.

Fleischman, Expires December 1, 1994                          [Page 1]

draft-ipng-directorate-fleischman-review-00.txt             May 1994

I concluded that it was not possible to assert that any one protocol
definitely could support "hot new technologies" better than any other
-- though, I expect that SIPP -- and perhaps CATNIP -- could probably do 
so cleaner than TUBA.  But even that is contentious.  And is the difference
enough to matter? Probably not.  That is, Paul Francis told me in Amsterdam 
that he thought that PIP would only improve on IPv4's performance by 20% -- 
I doubt if that is an adequate performance boost to "sell" the technology.  
Thus, concerning the single most important facet affecting the IPng decision
(i.e., technologies compelling users to want to deploy the protocol) it was 
pretty much of a wash -- unless I have overlooked something somewhere.

I believe that TUBA and CATNIP are the obvious convergence targets because
they leverage off of protocols which are deployed and towards which many
deployment plans exist.  However, my trouble understanding CATNIP and the 
fact that CATNIP itself is not yet deployed makes me prefer to restate the 
previous sentence in terms of TUBA alone.  

My own personal sense of urgency concerning making the IPng decision comes 
from my belief that toasternet is going to appear soon.  In fact, I believe 
that both CDPD and EPRI are toasternet vanguards.  I am interested in the 
fact that both technologies chose OSI allegedly because they thought that 
CLNP was the only existing network layer technology which could scale to
meet their needs.  [Note:  in EPRI's case I suspect a strong bias towards 
OSI was also a significant reason.  Maybe this is also true with CDPD 
since it is coming from phone companies?  I don't know, but I am 
suspicious.]  This implies that other toasternets selected/deployed before 
IPng becomes deployable may similarly conclude that CLNP was the best 
option.  This possibility implies that the TUBA alternative would provide 
for them the most minimal migration possible to connect to the new 
Internet infrastructure.  Thus, TUBA seems to be the best choice for 
supporting the two "toasternet" applications which have appeared to date 
and may similarly naturally resonate with the other toasternets which may 
soon appear.

Now to partially evaluate CATNIP, TUBA, and SIPP in order.

        ------------------
3.1	CATNIP.
I am concerned that I was not able to really understand how CATNIP 
will actually work.  [This may be an indictment against my technical
competence but I believe it shows that CATNIP is "rather" complex -- 
and I am a believer that complexity in protocols is not a positive 
attribute.]  I believe that CATNIP has the "best vision" (according 
to my biases) in that it was explicitly seeking to join three 
important communities (IPv4, NetWare, CLNP).  However, it does not have 
enough popular support to permit it to be selected as the IPng.  "What type 
of reason is this?!?", you may ask.  My answer: the Internet is run by 
rough consensus and working code and there are too few CATNIP advocates to 
form a basis for rough consensus -- and I know of no working code.  In any 
case, the CATNIP working group sessions were always sparsely attended.  Only 
a handful of people ever actually participated in the development of the 
CATNIP specifications.  This doesn't mean that the spec isn't the greatest 
thing since sliced bread but it does mean that the CATNIP vision has not 
caught the fancy of more than a few of us.  And while I recall that Rob
Ullmann (under the auspices of Process Technology) was developing TP-IX

Fleischman, Expires December 1, 1994                          [Page 2]

draft-ipng-directorate-fleischman-review-00.txt             May 1994

code, I am not aware of any "running code" for CATNIP.  Even worse, TP-IX was 
re-defined to CATNIP roughly a half a year ago meaning that the specification
is not is mature as I would like for an IPng selection.  All this leads me to
say that it is my belief that CATNIP is inadequately mature with inadequate
"proof of concept" (i.e., running code) to be selected as the IPng.

Also, Paul Francis' comment below (if indeed accurate) points out that 
CATNIP can not perform everything claimed for it.  This makes me wonder 
how else the reality would differ from the "marketing":
>                                     However, a CATNIP box *cannot*
>translate between IP and C-NSAP (where C-NSAP is an NSAP address in CATNIP
>form).  This is because the NSAP address cannot (easily) be expressed in
>only 32 bits, and therefore the IP host cannot "address" the C-NSAP host.

        ------------------
3.2	TUBA.
TUBA [and SIPP], on the other hand, has an impressive array of "running 
code" on a wide variety of platforms.  TUBA is the most "mature" IPng option.
It is by far the easiest option to "deploy" in the sense that the TUBA-network
layer software (CLNP) is already supported by almost every router vendor and 
by many of the network service providers today.  Of course, there is still a
lot of host software work to be done by the host the vendors (and by us users)
but there is no more to do in that domain than for any other alternative.  

Most importantly from my point-of-view: *I* have personal confidence that 
the TUBA option will work because I have practical experience using the OSI 
network layer upon which it is based.  Thus, I believe that it has the 
lowest risk factor of all of the options since it based upon technology which 
has already "been made deployable" in production environments.  That is, when
technology is defined the vendors subsequently have to do a great amount
of work to make it product-ready.  This often takes years.  Once it is
product-ready then we large users must work out numerous the bugs and hidden
"features" with our vendors in a time-consuming but necessary joint effort
to "make it deployable" in our production environments.  Our experience in 
Boeing is that it usually takes two years for us to make a stable product 
"become deployable" -- though some products never achieve this status.  In 
any case, this overhead has already been endured by us --and many others-- 
for CLNP.

On the other hand, I have NOT appreciated the attitude of the TUBA working
group of late.  Up through the Amsterdam IETF they were a dynamic group
accomplishing an impressively large amount of work.  Their demo in 
Amsterdam was extremely satisfying.  However, since then they have done 
virtually nothing.  They have essentially "quit".  They either did not
-- or belatedly -- addressed the IPng requirements.  Their standard answer 
to the "new technology" requirement is "we'll design it once we know how to 
do so".  Mind you, I believe that IS a VALID answer (i.e., don't design 
half-cocked) but I expect at least examples of what they might do based upon 
our current belief-structure.  That is, even though we may not know how 
best to implement flows, but we do *believe* certain things about flows
AS A COMMUNITY and these things should be addressed at least as possible
options such as was done by PIP, SIP, CATNIP, and SIPP -- in fact, by every 
other group.  Even more telling, at the Seattle IETF I concluded that the
core members of the TUBA group had largely "burned out" and that the TUBA 
working group as a whole had ceased to function as a viable working group.
Certainly, their meetings were long, unproductive, contentious, and without
hope (at least *I* lost hope) that they would ever come to consensus on
anything.

Fleischman, Expires December 1, 1994                          [Page 3]

draft-ipng-directorate-fleischman-review-00.txt             May 1994

Now back to technology: I believe that many of the basic CLNP ideas are 
excellent and that it is solid and mature technology.  However, I find the 
following faults with CLNP:
1) I firmly believe in extensible addressing however the OSI NSAP structure
   of ISO 8348 Addendum 2 -- and the subsequent modification removing the
   preferred decimal encoding (Addendum 4?) -- has gone much too far.
   There is such a thing as "too much of a good thing" becoming a bad thing:
   Seven distinct basic format types (X.121, ISO DCC. F.69, E.163, E.164, ISO 
   6523-ICD, and Local) are defined with permitted variations in each of
   these themes.  This extreme variability is counterproductive.  I do not 
   want to think of my end systems and my routers having to support such 
   needless overhead.  Fortunately, very few (if any) of the truly absurd 
   possible permutations have actually been deployed or assigned. 
   However, should TUBA become IPng then the IETF must restrict 
   the permitted NSAP structures to a small subset of what is currently 
   permitted by ISO if "sanity" and "aggregation" is to be achieved. 
2) The N-Selector has been a perennial problem for CLNP.  Radia Perlman's
   book has several pages devoted to this issue.  It has been a gnawing
   source of confusion to us CLNP users as well.  I object to the mentality 
   which it represents that the network address should identify the transport 
   protocol used.  Not!  Rather, I believe we should eliminate the N-Sel 
   altogether and redefine the "Network Layer Protocol Identifier" [which 
   currently either identifies the header as being ISO 8473 (i.e., CLNP) or 
   "inactive" -- a waste of 8 bits!] as being the protocol identifier 
   for the Transport Layer in a fashion parallel to "normal" protocols--or 
   some similar alteration.  Of course, this implies that TUBA is not starting
   out exactly as CLNP which harms my "Installed base" arguments and causes 
   many problems.  For this reason this bullet is untenable and must be
   rejected out of hand.  At best, this possibility needs to be studied to 
   be sure that the gain is worth the pain.  However, this bullet shows my 
   belief that if TUBA becomes the IPng, then the IPng will gradually evolve 
   away from today's CLNP as part of the normal IETF process.  [I hope and 
   trust that any evolution will solely be done for justifiable reasons.]
3) If TUBA becomes the IPng then the IETF must own TUBA.  The TUBA working
   group does not have concurrence on this important point today which is a 
   large part of their current malaise.  However, this ownership is mandatory.
   This implies that the IETF may modify TUBA even if ISO does not agree 
   to the changes.  Thus, we may eventually have two versions of TUBA:  CLNP 
   and IPng.   This is bad for convergence but the protocol simply must be 
   free to expand to support advanced technologies.  If it can't support
   advanced technologies then it will calcify and die.
4) If TUBA becomes the IPng then the TUBA header must be defined to support
   mobility, security, and flows with a system at least as good as that 
   defined by SIPP.  Proposed approaches to do so will need to be agreed upon
   soon (this year).
5) As was the case with IPv4 and capitalized upon by SIP and SIPP, certain
   parts of the CLNP header are "archaic" and we don't know what to
   do with them.  One must perhaps keep the size and orientation of the fixed
   part of the header (i.e., Clause 7.2 of ISO 8473) in tact (if we are
   to truly choose the TUBA option) but thought should be given towards 
   redeeming the unused aspects.  Again, the pain must be worth the
   gain and ultimately justifiable.

Fleischman, Expires December 1, 1994                          [Page 4]

draft-ipng-directorate-fleischman-review-00.txt             May 1994

Having given thought to these points over two days, I believe that
bullets 2 and 5 should be stricken from the text: TUBA must start out
exactly as CLNP -- or, rather, as a subset of CLNP.  However, I am leaving
the text in to emphasize the importance that the protocol must "live" and 
evolve to support new technologies and to emphatically state that the IETF 
must have the power and ability to modify IPng when needed.

In stark contrast to the comparatively "ugly" header of CLNP, SIPP is
an aesthetically beautiful protocol well tailored to compactly satisfy
today's known network requirements.  Similarly, Tony Li's TURNIP was
an attempt to do for CLNP what SIPP did for IPv4.  Because I believe that
IPv4's addressing is broken, while CLNP's is not, my belief is that 
CLNP is a much better foundation for SIPP-izing a header than is IPv4.
For this reason, I am very favorably disposed to TURNIP.  I understand
the "out with the old, in with the best" philosophy of SIPP and TURNIP
and find that it is not without its appeal -- (though it is generally
lacking in business sense).  After all, it is not often we have the 
opportunity to redefine the network layer so why carry old baggage?  
[Well, there ARE valid reasons.] However, I prefer that IF we 
go this route that we would do so based on as firm a starting foundation 
as possible.  To me, this implies CLNP and not IPv4. However, I believe
that TURNIP is not a viable IPng option because it has no working group, 
no working code, is inadequately defined, and does not have a stable 
specification.  

        ------------------
3.3	SIPP.
The SIPP working group is currently the most vibrant of the three working 
groups producing libraries of documentation, very creative possible technical
enhancements, and many instances of "working code".  In fact, there are
tremendously many good things which one can and should say about SIPP.  
However, my reading of the current SIPP specifications leads me to conclude 
that SIPP is broken and thus demonstrably inadequate to be considered 
as an IPng candidate as it is currently written. For this reason, the many 
outstanding qualities of SIPP are really immaterial for this discussion 
simply because the IPng must be able to function to benefit from those 
good qualities.  

Before I begin my defense of this conclusion, I want to assert that Paul
Francis and I have begun a dialog on this topic.  He has assured me that my 
conclusions are inaccurate.  (I hope he is correct.)  However, since I can 
only judge SIPP by its specifications, I will stand by these observations 
until they are proven wrong.  

Which brings up another point:  at what point does one know what SIPP 
actually is since it -- or at least its specifications -- seems to be 
constantly mutating and altering itself?   The SIPP of today seems to be
very different from the SIPP of January.  Certainly, what the "SIPP inner 
core" talk about is frequently not contained within SIPP documents.  This 
lack of solidity in itself is a very serious matter and shows lack of 
maturity which also (in my mind) implies higher risk. 

In any case, Paul wrote:
>Date: Fri, 6 May 94 09:47:25 JST
>From: francis@cactus.slab.ntt.jp (Paul Francis)
>

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>SIPP addresses are every bit as flexible as NSAPs.  There is technically
>no reason that you can't have just what you ask for above.
>
>I believe the mistake that SIPP has made vis a vis addressing is that we
>have been too limited in what we have written down as possible formats.
>The limited-to-64-bits format in the SIPP address assignment spec does not
>suit your purpose, as it does not give you an internal layer of hierarchy
>above the subnet layer.  
>
>The "local-use" address can work for your purposes, but we SIPP folks have
>perhaps (apparently?) not clearly stated how to use a local-use address as the
>lower part of an extended address.    I think what is needed is a "this is
>how your address will look" document, so that one doesn't have to read the
>routing and addressing spec to understand their own address, agreed?

I have read all of the many SIPP routing and addressing specifications (that
I know of, at least).  From this reading I concluded the following:

I find the following faults with SIPP's addressing which makes me conclude
that SIPP addressing (as defined) is "broken":
1)  It seems that a basic assumption of SIPP was that the existing IPv4
    addressing was adequate in all respects except scale.  However, 
    my perspective is that IPv4 addressing itself is fundamentally 
    flawed in that it lacks adequate hierarchy to serve the purposes of
    large end users.  I simply don't want an IPng which doesn't dramatically
    improve on the many addressing failings of IPv4.  
2)  SIPP's "extended addressing" is demonstrably broken:  intermediate source 
    routes using extended addressing are unable to be "turned around" as 
    would happen in a normal reply with such an address in the path.  
    Another "broken" issue (though not so obvious) is that SIPP addresses 
    larger than 64 bits are indistinguishable from source routes by the SIPP 
    specification.  This means that such extended addresses are really "pseudo-
    source routes".  This leaves the addresses open to all types of
    confusion and definitely indicate a "blurred" vision of what an address
    actually is.  In any case, SIPP's addresses are not really expandable 
    despite their claims to the contrary.  Extensibility of addressing
    is a firm IPng requirement and a necessary component of the "convergence"
    requirement.
3)  The Self-Defining addresses of SIPP will NOT scale for Boeing's internal 
    network (i.e., they solely have a subnetwork-orientation).
4)  8 byte addresses are to small to meet the world-wide Internet's addressing
    needs.  This third point is addressed in a separate section of the
    document below.

In addition, at the final session of the SIPP working group in Seattle IETF
it was demonstrated that IPAE was broken.  The problem is that IPAE does 
not keep enough state information [i.e., C bit is not enough, IPAE needs 
at least another bit to identify SIPP-only hosts] so that ICMP messages 
can actually be delivered under certain conditions.  I have not seen a 
solution to date to mend IPAE's broken-ness. More importantly, unless IPAE 
is fixed it must be rejected.  Thus there is a very real possibility in 
my mind of a IPAE-less SIPP.  Since IPAE was one of the big selling points 
of SIPP, this severely detracts from the total appeal of the proposal.  Yet 
if something so fundamental in SIPP is demonstrably broken at this late 
stage of the specification, what does that say about the lurking dangers 
of a more esoteric nature which are waiting to bite future SIPP 
deployments?  This is a serious concern indeed.

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Another aspect which worries me about SIPP is that source routing scares
me for security reasons.  The opportunities to "spoof" seem so abundant
with that capability.  I appreciated Paul Francis' dialog on this very
point.  However, I did not note whether a solution was postulated beyond
relying on the authentication capabilities which Ran Atkinson and others have
added to SIPP.  But is this enough?  I really don't know. Hackers are so 
very clever these days.  I am worried.

In my opinion, when PIP joined IPAE/SIP to become SIPP the result was a 
political masterpiece but the resulting proposal has proven to be anything 
but simple.  In hindsight, I have come to view the PIP parts of SIPP as
major weaknesses to the proposal since the source routing parts of SIPP 
do not appear to me to be as powerful as they were in PIP (they certainly 
are much less "clean" in their SIPP incarnation) and thus I suspect that 
they may not be used (which would be unfortunate).  

Finally, Tracy Mallory posted the following issue which reminds me of the
complexities and risks associated with adopting a protocol which has not
yet proven itself in "real-world" deployments:
>Note that a late item on the requirements list is that IPng ought not
>to make things harder for firewalls.  The SIPP approach requires that
>the entire header be scanned to perform protocol dependent filtering.
>Whether this is "good" or "bad" needs further thought, but for
>example, it makes the filtering of inbound TELNET or FTP open requests a
>little harder than today.

What am I saying?  I am saying that even if one can conclusively
demonstrate that each of these "problems" can quickly be resolved, the 
fact still remains that SIPP is not as mature as TUBA and the risks of
adopting it are therefore higher. The future of the Internet is directly
dependent upon the stability of its network layer.  It is better to have
a somewhat inefficient network layer than a broken one.  Also, how can we 
really know that any new technology will work as advertised -- or even work 
at all (in scale in production environments) until it has been field tested 
"in a big way".   This isn't a show stopper but it is a real concern to
those who must make technology-related business decisions.

                --------------                  
4.0  Why I think SIPP's 8 byte Addresses Are Too Small

The following tenets concerning my view of Boeing's addressing needs
cumulatively lead me to conclude that SIPP's 8 byte address space is 
inadequate for the world-wide Internet's needs.

I believe that we require:
1)  An ability to have five levels of internal addressing hierarchy within 
    our vast international private network IN ADDITION TO whatever levels of 
    addressing hierarchy are needed by the world-wide Internet infrastructure.

2)  An ability to potentially address more than 1,000,000 internal IPng 
    devices in the medium term.  [Note, only a subset of these devices will
    probably be computers as we know them today.  Already our doors, elevators,

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    and security huts are IP addressed today. We also have several thousand
    wireless devices which are network attached today, including scads of
    trucks and other mobile vehicles such as forklifts.  It is possible that 
    a sizable percentage of our 120,000+ work force may eventually have PDA 
    devices.] 

3)  A desire to use serverless autoaddressing, perhaps via a mechanism 
    which is built off of IEEE addresses.  [Certainly, I currently associate
    the use of IEEE addresses with serverless autoconfiguration.  Serverless
    autoaddressing is desirable as a means to reduce the number of 
    address servers which we have to deploy to support current TCP/IP 
    autoaddressing schemes.]  Note:  this uses 6 bytes of the address.

3a) The requirement that devices addressed by serverless autoaddressing be 
    either global or local AT OUR DISCRETION [as opposed to the current 
    SIPP approach where IEEE-based addresses must be local only].  That 
    is, these addresses must be fully functional addresses completely on 
    a par with addresses assigned by any other means.

4)  The requirement that all of our addressing be simple, consistent, and easy
    to understand.  If it isn't, we'll screw it up.

5)  The hope that if masking continues to be used for addressing, that it
    will be substantially easier to deal with than IPv4's masking.  [It sure
    would be great if masking could go away altogether.]

6)  The desire to not have to continue to be addressing "bit heads" where we 
    spend far too much $$$ to squeeze out more addresses from our tiny address
    spaces.  Addresses should be what is cheap rather than the human labor 
    overhead of the current IPv4 system. In today's system human labor is 
    "cheaper" than addresses -- unless one uses "local addresses".  

7)  Our requirement that IPng may potentially serve as a convergence protocol 
    for IPX/SPX and CLNP as well as for IPv4.

8)  The belief that 64 bits can not scale to service the long-term needs of
    the world-wide Internet due to the administrative inadequacies of 
    that size space servicing so many providers, customers and levels of 
    routing hierarchy, among other reasons.

9)  The belief that 8 byte SIPP addresses are not really expandable 
    to handle unforeseen future scalability and toasternet issues.  That is, 
    today's SIPP "extended addresses" are indistinguishable from source 
    routes within the SIPP specification.  This lack of distinction
    between source routes and extended addresses (two very different concepts)
    leaves the addresses open to many types of confusion -- including the 
    inability of an intermediate source route using extended addressing 
    to be "turned around" as mentioned above.

I imagine there are some other points which I could also mention which, 
when added cumulatively together, leads to the conclusion that SIPP's 
8 byte addresses are inadequate to meet the Internet's needs.

In any case, the issues affecting the need for addressing [and routing] 
hierarchy are complex for large multi-national corporations with extensive 

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world-wide business dealings.  The directions of an addressing architecture 
are in many ways a reflection of ones underlying assumptions.  One 
assumption of the following is that the corporation will have a single 
address space.  This, of course, is not the only alternative.  Indeed, 
alternatives exist at many levels but each have architectural implications.  
In any case, I believe that the following assumptions with the following 
characteristics must be permissible within IPng addressing architecture.
For this reason I stated that it is my assumption that an IPng addressing 
requirement is that the following structure can be supported.

The following text seeks to address why I believe that Boeing will probably
need to have five levels of addressing hierarchy.  It is my belief/hope that 
some of these layers can be integrated into a single layer in 
an effort to try to reduce the layers of hierarchy and the resulting 
addressing sparseness as much as possible.  Thus, I suggested 5 layers of 
hierarchy when the actual number of potential layers is greater.  Of course, 
things may be combined in different ways, but 5 layers seemed to me to 
be a reasonable number as a starting point for discussion.  Potential layers:

1) Continent:  Boeing currently uses the services of two aeronautical
    communications service providers (ARINC, SITA) as well as the services
    of several Value Added Networks (VANs) for much of our international
    communications. However, we have also established an extensive 
    international private communications network of our own to numerous 
    international sites.  Our need for international communications are 
    extensive.  For example, we must be able to address virtually every 
    airport at which any of our planes can land -- with the possible 
    exception of some of the dirt strips in the jungles which may be 
    infrequently serviced via portable satellite communications.  We 
    communicate with virtually every airline in the world and (potentially, 
    I believe) the governments as well. We have literally hundreds of 
    corporations which are our suppliers and business partners -- again 
    widely distributed throughout the world. The many sites linked by 
    Boeing's private international network use Boeing addresses.  I am 
    not aware of plans to migrate this private network to Internet-like 
    services due to a variety of factors, including security.  Thus, I 
    anticipate the probable need to maintain these many private 
    international links within our address space.

2) Major Region within a continent.  See above paragraph for size and scope.  

3) Cities within a region.  For example, in the Puget Sound region in which
   I work we have maybe like 40 cities in this small region which have 
   substantial Boeing sites and who knows how many cities with other sites of 
   lesser stature. If you want to make "regions" non-geographically
   based (e.g., call our Portland, Oregon or Spokane, Washington or Moses
   Lake, Washington sites as part of Puget Sound) then the number is greater. 

4) Campuses within a city.  We can potentially have several sprawling
   campuses within a city and an indeterminate number of lesser sites and
   stand-alone buildings as well.  

5) Buildings within a Campus.  Some of our campuses are immense containing
   perhaps hundreds of buildings.  

6) Networks and subnetworks within a building.  Boeing has some immense 
   buildings.  In fact, the largest building in the world by volume is a 

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   Boeing building in Everett.  Some of these buildings are mind-boggling 
   big.  One which comes to mind appears to me to stretch a few kilometers 
   in length.  It is simply unbelievable (to my small mind, at least).

   Note that I assume that the distinction between networks and subnetworks 
   will go away.  If not, then make this two potential layers.  In any case, 
   some of these buildings can consume a Class B and then go back for seconds.

7) Individual Hosts and devices within a subnetwork.

                --------------                  
5.0  Anatomy of a Personal Bias -- or How I Got Here

I joined the IETF community two years ago as Boeing's only official 
representative to this community.  Boeing is almost exclusively funding
my IETF participation in order to assist the IPng selection process
in the hopes that whatever IPng is ultimately selected will be maximally 
beneficial to large end users. 

My mindset when I first joined the fray was that all protocols except TUBA 
define "Yet Another Protocol" (YAP) and thus were orthogonal to our corporate 
protocol convergence goals.  TUBA also represents little or no changes to 
the router vendors and service providers and thus is the only alternative 
which can be speedily deployed within the core Internet infrastructure on 
a world-wide basis -- and correspondingly represents the minimum amount of 
work for the community as a whole (i.e., 50% of our community can already 
support TUBA leaving only work for the end-system vendors and we end users). 
Therefore, TUBA was clearly the best solution.  QED.

However, the SIP people helped me see that the OSI community may perhaps
to converge to whatever IPng turns our to be -- partially due to aspects
of Marshall Rose's "OSI is a Road Kill" reasoning and partially due to 
that community sincerely wanting convergence and an end the protocol wars.  
Thus, a non-TUBA solution is not necessarily an anti-convergence solution.  
Functionality and the ability to support new technologies were also very
important and relevant factors as well. Also, the IPAE people sold me on the 
concept that if we end users didn't know that we had deployed IPng then 
that is the ideal IPng.  I fully agree:  If we users deploy IPng thinking 
we had deployed IPv4 then that is indeed the best of all IPngs.  Therefore, 
because of IPAE I became interested in SIP.  

Then PIP got me all excited with promised new functionality and enhanced
performance.  I decided that enhanced performance/functionality was more
important than convergence and ease of migration since our users have real 
needs which demand these new functionalities with heightened performance.  
However, Paul Francis burst my bubble at Amsterdam by telling me that PIP 
would deliver only 20% enhanced performance over IPv4 (albeit "much cleaner 
done") and that is by no means an adequate performance boost to justify 
switching protocols (in my mind, at least).  Thus, I became disillusioned 
with PIP thinking that we didn't understand flows and the advanced PIP 
features well enough yet to use them to build viable protocols and products 
before IPng would be deployed.  Thus, I concluded that the primary selling 
point of PIP was not dramatic enough to be able to sell it to us end users.

I greatly appreciated the vision of both TP-IX and, especially, CATNIP.
However, comments which I (and others) made during the working group 

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meetings seemed to not be appreciated in some/many cases.  Since some 
of my suggestions were thus "rejected", I formed the opinion that my 
input was not desired.  I suspect that others may have formed similar 
opinions because only a few people contributed to it technically.  In any 
case, I was left with the general feeling that despite its great ideas, 
it was pretty much of a one-man show.

Also at the Amsterdam IETF I got excited about TUBA again because of their 
demo and the dynamism of the working group.  I also didn't realize that Europe
had deployed CLNP on any scale at all and being in Europe helped me to view
CLNP with greater appreciation.  Thus, convergence again became a deciding 
point for me -- though IPAE still did look promising.

Shortly thereafter I figured out that the best IPng for us end users is no
IPng at all:  we could support the Internet's demands by putting application
layer gateways on our firewalls and thus continue to support IPv4 "forever"
--thus avoiding the pain and the cost of deploying IPng at all.  Unless,
of course, it had real functionality benefits which would entice our end 
users to demand that it become deployed.  Also, since we users didn't HAVE 
to deploy IPng, we could hold out for a "convergence" solution should we 
ever choose to deploy IPng to ensure that IPng wouldn't be Yet Another 
Protocol (YAP).

Then some of the TUBA people did what seemed-like-at-the-time a "sour 
grapes" stunt saying that SIP and primarily IPAE were broken and couldn't 
possibly work.  I greatly respect these "nay-sayers" and actively tried 
to get them to articulate their points in an intelligible fashion.  However, 
I just couldn't understand their reasoning.  The effort did leave me with 
the overall feeling that nothing was working well enough to excite users.  
Thus, I supported Noel Chiappa's viewpoint that there were no viable IPng 
candidates and I began to wish that NIMROD would miraculously appear and 
save us from the "half-solutions".

Then I encountered my first toasternet application (CDPD) and was surprised
that they chose CLNP and OSI for their internal infrastructure allegedly 
because of a lack of a viable IPng.  Thus, I finally realized that perfect 
or not, we need to decide on an IPng ASAP.

It was obvious by then that SIPP was the most dynamic working group and that 
they were (in my opinion) doing the most creative and innovative work and 
thus would be the best working group for the community as a whole.  Because 
of the continually strong opposition against IPAE by the some of the above
mentioned "nay sayers" and the willingness of many of the non-SIPP people 
to compromise upon an IPAE-less SIPP, I became willing to sacrifice IPAE 
for political reasons [despite the fact that I and users in general would 
GREATLY value it] in order to form a community-wide consensus to answer 
the looming toasternet menace.  That is, I *thought* that I was willing to 
do so until IPAE was actually demonstrated to be technically broken towards 
the end of the Seattle IETF.  When that happened I became genuinely scared 
and began to doubt the quality of the entire SIPP approach (wondering how 
many other aspects of their core approach were also really broken) -- but 
I saw no alternative to SIPP at that time since I had concluded that the 
TUBA and CATNIP working groups were effectively "dead".  


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Then I read Peter Ford's White Paper on TUBA and was reminded of all of
the scholarship that had gone into CLNP and OSI routing.  Despite the 
deadness of the TUBA working group, I had to admit that the TUBA proposal 
was a very good proposal.  In fact, I found Peter's paper to be mighty 
convincing.  

Then during the past two weeks (while preparing to write this paper) I began 
to think about IPng addressing more seriously than ever before.  From this 
exercise I concluded that the SIPP approach to addressing is broken.  This
was the straw which broke the camel's back:  I don't care how dynamic the
SIPP working group is and how dead the TUBA working group is.  TUBA works.
SIPP doesn't.  TUBA is mature.  SIPP isn't.  TUBA is low risk.  SIPP has
*significantly* greater risk.  End of story.

While I am doubtlessly more "gray-scale" (as opposed to seeing everything
in "black and white" terms) than the norm, my vacillation on this important
matter merely shows that all of the IPng approaches have merit and that 
each approach has significant and important strengths and weaknesses.
However, broken alternatives can NOT be the IPng.





































Fleischman, Expires December 1, 1994                          [Page 12]

From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Thu Jul 14 23:27:53 1994
Return-Path: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu
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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 23:27:53 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407150327.AA08947@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: SNA in IPng


As a result of a discussion about coding SNA addresses in IPng I've done
some checking and have tracked down what SNA addresses look like:

they are coded as alphanumeric EBCDIC characters
        (A-Z, 0-9, not starting with number)

one 1-8 chacter NetID name & one 1-8 chacter NAUname

normally they use 'human-readable' combinations

structure as defined by IBM:

NetID -
        characters 1-2 country code, e.g. US, UK
        characters 3-6 organization code, e.g. IBMS
                (1.7 million per country)
        characters 7-8 networks
                (up to 1296 per organization)

NAUname - locally determined 

I guess you could call this information for background.

Scott

From smb@research.att.com Thu Jul 14 23:48:01 1994
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From: smb@research.att.com
Message-Id: <199407150349.XAA07305@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Received: by gryphon; Thu Jul 14 23:48:02 EDT 1994
To: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: SNA in IPng 
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 94 23:48:01 EDT

	 
	 As a result of a discussion about coding SNA addresses in IPng I've do
	ne
	 some checking and have tracked down what SNA addresses look like:

	 they are coded as alphanumeric EBCDIC characters
	         (A-Z, 0-9, not starting with number)

	 one 1-8 chacter NetID name & one 1-8 chacter NAUname

	 normally they use 'human-readable' combinations

	 structure as defined by IBM:

	 NetID -
	         characters 1-2 country code, e.g. US, UK
	         characters 3-6 organization code, e.g. IBMS
	                 (1.7 million per country)
	         characters 7-8 networks
	                 (up to 1296 per organization)

	 NAUname - locally determined 

	 I guess you could call this information for background.

	 Scott

Knowing IBM, the set of letters probably includes $#@.  Anyway,
that means 1521 possible country and network codes, and 2313441
organization codes.  Even with a conservative packing, that's 7
bytes, which means that the whole shebang does fit in our presumed
16 byte space.

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Fri Jul 15 08:22:02 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407150622.AA18800@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Re: FW: summary of Big-Internet messages 
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 1994 08:22:02 +0200 (MET DST)
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Directorate,

I find Bill's assessment very different from a count I was
keeping on a couple of scraps of paper; but he seems to have
time to wade through reams of mail and find binary interpretations
of imprecise waffle and IRTF theology.

The people who actually answered the question as posed were quite
definitely in a 2/3 majority for 16 bytes to end the discussion.

J., how about

   "On the Internet, nobody cares how long your address is"?


  -- Brian


From smb@research.att.com Fri Jul 15 09:29:45 1994
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From: smb@research.att.com
Message-Id: <199407151334.JAA09682@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Received: by bigbird.zoo.att.com; Fri Jul 15 09:29:47 EDT 1994
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: SIPP versus firewalls
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 94 09:29:45 EDT

I'm starting to get a bit uneasy about how to build firewalls, and
in particular how to build packet filters, with IPng.  A fair number
of headers can be interposed between the SIPP header and the TCP
header; while the actual performance hit may not be too bad, the
semantics of evaluating the headers isn't clear.

Here's the list of the ones I've heard mentioned so far; I've probably
missed a few:

	Source routing
	Fragmentation
	Authentication
	Encryption

If encryption is present, the notion of checking port numbers probably
doesn't apply.  But the other three can all occur in a single packet.
No doubt new ones will be invented at some point in the future.  What
should a firewall filter do?

One possibility is to loop through all headers, until one is found
whose protocol id matches some filter rule (i.e., PROTO=TCP,PORT=25)
or some such.  But that demands that the firewall know of all possible
option headers -- which might be necessary in any case, since if you
don't know what an option is, you don't know if it's being used to
violate your security policy -- or that they all share a common format
including a header length.

Another idea is to have a transport header offset pointer in the SIPP
header; this is adjusted as necessary, or zeroed by things like the
encryption layer.

Or maybe firewalls should rely on the flowid, and use the flow setup
packets to enable it.  (But that would require that all packets carry
firewall-level authentication headers.)

Anyway -- I haven't thought this through thoroughly, and this list
(as opposed to the SIPP working group) may not be the place to address
it.  But it does merit some thought.

		--Steve Bellovin

From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Fri Jul 15 13:52:35 1994
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: FWD: baby omnibus

>To: big-internet@munnari.oz.au
>Subject: baby omnibus
>Date: Fri, 15 Jul 1994 22:07:57 +1000
>From: Bob Smart <smart@mel.dit.csiro.au>
>
>Some of the good ideas from the IPng process:
>
>From SIP and IPAE: encapsulation for fast option processing.
>
>From AEIOU: address extension on the right not the left.
>
>From Christian Huitema: A distinct security layer between the network layer
>and the transport layer. I was amazed that this got mentioned and forgotten.
>There has been a lot of talk about security implications of the way the
>network layer conveys information about the other end to the transport
>layer. Sometimes it doesn't matter and sometimes we need cryptographic
>security. A layer in there seemed like the right way to protect the network
>and transport layers from having to deal with this area which doesn't
>logically belong to either.
>
>From various places including PIP: separate transport end-point identifier
>from network locators. And now that I realize that transport end-point
>identification belongs in the security layer everything "feels" neater.
>I don't mean that transport identification is necessarily in the security
>layer part of the packet: the simplest security layer type will deduce
>the transport identification from the network address as we do now.
>
>



From Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM Fri Jul 15 14:44:34 1994
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To: smb@research.att.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
From: Greg Minshall <Greg_Minshall@Novell.COM>
Subject: Re: SIPP versus firewalls

Steve,

>One possibility is to loop through all headers, until one is found
>whose protocol id matches some filter rule (i.e., PROTO=TCP,PORT=25)
>or some such.  But that demands that the firewall know of all possible
>option headers -- which might be necessary in any case, since if you
>don't know what an option is, you don't know if it's being used to
>violate your security policy -- or that they all share a common format
>including a header length.

I think you *NEED* to do this.

>Another idea is to have a transport header offset pointer in the SIPP
>header; this is adjusted as necessary, or zeroed by things like the
>encryption layer.

What if it comes in with a forged offset pointer, but the target *host*
doesn't check it (since the target host needs to unwind all the headers
anyway)?

What if it has a *bad* option, one you don't *want* in your site?

I think the firewall needs to grok all the headers (and, thus, toss ones it
doesn't grok).

Greg



From jallard@microsoft.com Sat Jul 16 16:02:41 1994
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Sat, 16 Jul 94 16:02:41 TZ
Subject: RE: heads up

| Well some one likes talking to the press.  Both Allison & I got calls
| from Network World reporters late last week.  Someone had told them that
| we were 'picking SIPP' as IPng.  We tried to get them to hold on the
| offer of full cooperation next week so they could publish the same
| day as the announcement but they would not.  We were (we think) able
| to move things away from a 'SIPP won' picture to one that is closer
| to what we would like to say.

what *do* we want to say?  you know the press will be all over the
place on this once the monday announcement is made.

my limited understanding of the proposed recommendation (what we
discussed in toronto) is very sipp-heavy (no guys, i didn't talk
to n.w.). i see very little coming from any of the alternate proposals,
and i'm pretty close to the src. it's understandable that the press
would distort the message a bit to make things easy-to-read.

i don't mean to stir here, but given what was said at sun, i don't
know what other conclusion you expect the press to draw. i got a
call from computerworld, who, since i wouldn't say anything, is
sending a reporter to monday's event. i would not be surprised that
despite any and all efforts on monday to debunk the "sipp won"
message, that computerworld prints "sipp won".

in dealing with the press, i've learned that you have to
select the 2-5 words that you want them to take verbatim,
and that the rest of the article is up for grabs. if you repeat
the phrase at least 6 times every 10 minutes, there's a 50%
chance they'll print it w/o distortion. that said, i'd recommend
the title of the first slide read something like:

"IPng: A new Future Through Collaboration and Compromise"

if you are really concerned abt the sipp-centricity of the
articles, we really should pick the one or two soundbytes
that we want people to walk away from, memorize them, and
chant them in the halls of the ietf.

_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From <@www.bbn.com:jcurran@nic.near.net> Sat Jul 16 09:11:07 1994
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To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: NSAPAs, inside and outside 
In-reply-to: Your message of Thu, 14 Jul 1994 14:26:02 +0200.
             <9407141226.AA01891@dxcoms.cern.ch> 
Date: Sat, 16 Jul 1994 09:11:07 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407160912.aa09362@nic.near.net>

--------
] From: Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN <brian@dxcoms.cern.ch>
] Subject: NSAPAs, inside and outside
] Date: Thu, 14 Jul 1994 14:26:02 +0200 (MET DST)
]
] 1. NSAPAs inside a 16-byte IPng address
] 
]  The first byte is an IANA-assigned code meaning "this IPng address
]  embeds a 15-byte NSAPA". The alignment is a mess, but no worse
]  than in a 20-byte NSAPA.
] 
]        0                   1                   2                   3
]        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
]       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]  0-3  |NSAPA code TBD |     AFI       |    IDI (ICD or DCC)           |
]       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]  4-7  |             Prefix (3 octets)                 | Area (octet 0)|
]       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]  8-11 | Area (octet 1)|    ID (octets 0 through 2)                    |
]       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]  12-15|       ID (octets 3 through 5)                 |   NSEL        |
]       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
] 
]  The AFI will normally be 39 (DCC, digital country code)  or 47
]  (ICD, international code designator). The longest prefixes in use
]  today, to my knowledge, are 4 octets in NORDUNET (the Nordic academic
]  network), so they would have to squeeze down to 3 octets.
]  Are there any cases where a 3 octet prefix is unthinkable?

Would it be better to:
 
   1)  Use a smaller prefix for the NSAPA indicator.  (e.g. 4 bits)
   2)  Encode a subset of AFI's into the remainder of the first octet.
	(e.g.  first 8 for known-in-use AFI's, 8 for handling new ones)
   3)  Slide the IDI up one octet
   4)  Allow 4 octet prefixes

While this would constrain the compatible AFI address space, it would prevent
having to compress existing prefixes and would provide more "usable" space 
long-term (prefix space = useful, AFI space = functionally-challenged.)

Another nit: if the perceived use of these recast addresses are to allow
reuse of existing assignments for IPng, then the NSEL is superfluous, no?
The only reason I can see for including the NSEL would be if there was an
intent to revise CLNP to use this address format.  Without variable length
addressing in IPng, this appears to me to be a very, very unlikely event.

/John

From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Sat Jul 16 10:19:23 1994
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Date: Sat, 16 Jul 94 10:19:23 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407161419.AA07610@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: jcurran@nic.near.net
Subject: Re: NSAPAs, inside and outside
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

> 1)  Use a smaller prefix for the NSAPA indicator.  (e.g. 4 bits) 

don't this reduce the %age of the IPng address space for non-nsapa 
assignment?

Scott

From <@www.bbn.com:jcurran@nic.near.net> Sat Jul 16 11:31:31 1994
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To: Scott Bradner <sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: NSAPAs, inside and outside 
In-reply-to: Your message of Sat, 16 Jul 1994 10:19:23 -0400.
             <9407161419.AA07610@hsdndev.harvard.edu> 
Date: Sat, 16 Jul 1994 11:31:31 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407161132.aa15408@nic.near.net>

--------
	From: Scott Bradner <sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
	Subject: Re: NSAPAs, inside and outside
	Date: Sat, 16 Jul 94 10:19:23 -0400

	> 1)  Use a smaller prefix for the NSAPA indicator.  (e.g. 4 bits) 
	
	don't this reduce the %age of the IPng address space for non-nsapa 
	assignment?

Certainly.  

Instead of taking 1/256 of the possible address space, you lose 1/16.
If we get to within 1/16 of the IPng address space, we've failed anyway.

/John

From deering@parc.xerox.com Sun Jul 17 22:31:42 1994
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To: Lois Aylestock <laylesto@ietf.cnri.reston.va.us>
Cc: lkeiper@cnri.reston.va.us, scoya@cnri.reston.va.us, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994 
In-reply-to: laylesto's message of Wed, 13 Jul 94 16:11:25 -0800.
             <9407131806.aa12903@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US> 
Date: 	Sun, 17 Jul 1994 22:31:42 PDT
Sender: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
From: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
Message-Id: <94Jul17.223152pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>

CNRI folks:  I just got a call from Ross Callon, and he said he will
be able to participate in tomorrow's IPng teleconference.  Please have
the AT&T operator call him at his hotel in Los Angeles, (714) 553-0100,
room 806, at the start time of 8:30 am Pacific.

[By the way, are Lois Keiper and Lois Aylestock one and the same?]

Steve


From deering@parc.xerox.com Mon Jul 18 01:13:15 1994
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To: sipp@sunroff.eng.sun.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil,
        big-internet@munnari.oz.au
Cc: deering@parc.xerox.com
Subject: SIPP-16 draft
Date: 	Mon, 18 Jul 1994 01:13:15 PDT
Sender: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
From: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
Message-Id: <94Jul18.011317pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>

I have submitted a new version of the SIPP spec, with 16-byte addresses,
as an Internet Draft.  If you want to grab a copy before it shows up in
the official directories, you can get it from:

	ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/sipp/draft-ietf-sipp-spec-01.txt

Besides the change of address size, a number of other changes were made,
arising from the implementors' meeting in Seattle and subsequent events.
Be sure to read through Appendix B to find out everything that changed
since the last draft.

Steve


From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Mon Jul 18 07:44:17 1994
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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 07:44:17 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407181144.AA26181@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: rough Toronto outline


Something must have gone wrong with Allison's mail system.  She was working
on a more complete version of this outline last night and was going to
send it out when she was done.  Right about now she should be on the train
between DC & NYC where she is going to an ANSI meeting today.  She (& Paul)
will be joining us on the telechat from a room at ANSI.

Sorry to send out this rather rough outline but its better than nothing (I 
hope :-) )

Scott

(In case you wondered, this is a troff source file)
----

.im ../head.man
.fe '''\fH\s+4 IPng-%\fP\s-4'
@.ds Sc NS
.ps 24
.vs 26
'rs







.ce
IP next generation (IPng)







.ps 20
.ce
Scott Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
.ce
Allison Mankin <mankin@itd.nrl.navy.mil> 

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
History

.ps 20
\(bu August 1993
	temporary IETF area formed to consolidate IPng activity

\(bu ADs from other areas
	on temporary assignment in addition to regular duties

\(bu existing IPng working groups moved into area

\(bu charge from the IETS chair to area
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Charge from IESG chair

.ps 20
\(bu establish directorate

\(bu keep process public

\(bu understand available timeframe
	recommend policy changes if warranted

\(bu make a recommendation regarding the scope of IPng
	'just' fix addresses or more

\(bu develop clear and concise set of technical requirements

\(bu develop a recommendation on which, if any, of 
	current proposals should be next IP
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Directorate

.ps 20
J. Allard - Microsoft			<jallard@microsoft.com>
Steve Bellovin  - AT&T		<smb@research.att.com>
Jim Bound  - Digital			<bound@zk3.dec.com>
Ross Callon  - Wellfleet		<rcallon@wellfleet.com>
Brian Carpenter  - CERN	<brian.carpenter@cern.ch>
Dave Clark  - MIT			<ddc@lcs.mit.edu >
John Curran  - NEARnet	<curran@nic.near.net>
Steve Deering  - Xerox		<deering@parc.xerox.com>
Dino Farinacci  - Cisco		<dino@cisco.com>
Paul Francis - NTT			<francis@cactus.ntt.jp>
Eric Fleischmann  - Boeing	<ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Mark Knopper - Ameratech	<mak@aads.com>
Greg Minshall  - Novell		<minshall@wc.novell.com>
Rob Ullmann - Lotus		<ariel@world.std.com>
Lixia Zhang  - Xerox		 	<lixia@parc.xerox.com>
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Public Process

.ps 20
\(bu big-internet mailing list used
	(big-internet-request@munnari.oz.au)

\(bu internal directorate mailing list archive made public

\(bu public reports

\(bu open directorate meetings

\(bu archive site
	hsdndev.harvard.edu
		anonymous ftp & gopher
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Available Timeframe

.ps 20
\(bu Address Lifetime Expectations (ALE) working group
	Frank Solensky, FTP Software <solensky@ftp.com>
	Tony Li, Cisco Systems <tli@cisco.com>
	<ipv4-ale-request@ftp.com>

\(bu made prediction at Seattle IETF meeting
	2008 \(+-3

\(bu assumes no paradigm shifts

\(bu ADs endorse current address assigment policies

\(bu  ADs do not currently recommend address reclamation efforts
	may be warranted if large address request(s) received
	and if sub-Class A nets can be assigned
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Scope of IPng

.ps 20
\(bu we have adequate time in IPv4 address space

\(bu can do more than 'just' fix addresses

\(bu use requirements process to determine scope
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Technical Requirements 

.ps 20
\(bu IPng requirements working group (ngreq)
	Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software <kasten@ftp.com>
	Jon Crowcroft, UCL <J.Crowcroft@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
	uses big-internet mailing list

\(bu draft requirements document
	based on Kastenholz/Partridge draft
	(draft-kastenholz-ipng-criteria-02.txt)
	criteria, discussion & time frame

\(bu RFC1550 white papers
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
White Papers

.ps 20
.vs 24
draft-adamson-ipng-radio-req-00.txt
draft-bellovin-ipng-addr-per-host-00.txt
draft-bellovin-ipng-sec-concerns-00.txt
draft-bound-ipng-bsdhost-implement-00.txt
draft-brazdziunas-ipng-atm-00.txt
draft-britton-ipng-req-corp-netwrk-00.txt
draft-brownlee-ipng-acct-req-00.txt
draft-carpenter-ipng-whitepaper-00.txt
draft-clark-ipng-multipro-interop-00.txt
draft-curran-ipng-viability-00.txt
draft-estrin-ipng-unified-routing-00.txt
draft-fleischman-ipng-corp-view-00.txt
draft-ghiselli-ipng-whitepaper-req-00.txt
draft-green-ipng-navy-hpn-00.txt
draft-heagerty-ipng-input-00.txt
draft-simpson-ipng-mobility-00.txt
draft-skelton-ipng-epri-00.txt
draft-symington-ipng-model-00.txt
draft-taylor-ipng-cdpd-viewpt-00.txt
draft-vecchi-ipng-tvcable-viewpt-00.txt

.ps 20
\(bu to become Informational RFCs
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Proposal Whitepapers

.ps 20
\(bu tuba
	draft-ford-ipng-tuba-whitepaper-00.txt

\(bu sipp
	draft-ietf-sipp-whitepaper-00.txt

\(bu catnip
	draft-mcgovern-ipng-catnip-wpaper-00.txt
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Criterias

.ps 20
.vs 24
\(bu 10\u9\d networks, 10\u12\d end-systems
\(bu topologically flexible
\(bu high performance
\(bu robust
\(bu media independent
\(bu datagram protocol
\(bu autoconfiguration
\(bu secure operation
\(bu globally unique names
\(bu support multicasting
\(bu extensible
\(bu service classes
\(bu support mobile hosts
\(bu tunneling
\(bu straightforward transition plan
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Nostradamus mode

.ps 20
\(bu predicting the future is hard

\(bu from "A Proposal for a Next Generation Internet Protocol"
	Ross Callon - December, 1987

	detailed requirements seen for 1997

	Internet doubling every year (720 assigned nets in '87)

	listed requirements:
		change should last for at least 10-15 years
		very high speed nets (microsecond forwarding time)
		plan for at least 100,000 nets, 10,000 ASs
		administrative diversity - addressing complexity
		effective general congestion control
		efficient source routing

	side note:
		"The expected arrival of ISDN will have a major
		impact on data communications in the 1990's
		and beyond."
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Assumptions

.ps 20
we see consensus on the following points

\(bu we need to make a specific recommendation now

\(bu basic requirements agreed to

\(bu proceed with single IPng effort
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Reviews of IPng Proposals

.ps 20
xxx
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Recommendations

.ps 20
\(bu go forward with single IPng working group

\(bu all base documents to be ready for proposed standard 
	consideration by December

\(bu minimual required IPng functionality must include
	autoconfiguration & security
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Working Group

.ps 20
\(bu a new IPng working group be formed
	chairs: Deering, xxx, yyy
                short-term milestones for the proposed standards for IPng
                      IPng BOF meeting twice in Toronto

\(bu base IPng draft documents
	SIPP-16
	SST
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Working Group, charter outline

.ps 20
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Existing IPng Proposal Working Groups

.ps 20
\(bu at start of process we said that we would not force
	shutdown of existing working groups when IPng recomendation made

\(bu current IPng proposal working groups returned to Internet area

\(bu can continue to work, but work will not be on IPng
	or expected to have specific influence on IPng

\(bu can disband if chairs so choose
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Addresses

.ps 20
\(bu 16 byte Internet address 

\(bu address formats determined by IPng working group

\(bu assignment coordinated by the IANA
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng Addresses, contd

.ps 20
\(bu propose mapping algorythms from and to other environments

\(bu where addresses are globally unique and assigned along network topology

\(bu IPX, NSAPA, etc

\(bu work with other organizations for development of such mappings

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Autoconfiguration

.ps 20
\(bu autoconfiguration a required feature of IPng

\(bu an IPng autoconfiguration working group be formed
	chairs - Sue Thompson & Dave Katz

\(bu base document
	draft from Sue Thompson & Dave Katz

\(bu serverless & serverfull modes must be supported
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Autoconfiguration WG charter

.ps 20
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Transition

.ps 20
\(bu two IPng transition efforts

\(bu short term
	refine IPng-specific documents for proposed standard

\(bu long term
	transition, coexistance & testing
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Transition, short term

.ps 20
\(bu new short lived working group - NGTRANS

\(bu base document - final SST overview from IPng WG

\(bu create series of standards track documents
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
NGTRANS charter

.ps 20
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Transition, long term

.ps 20
\(bu Transition and Coexistence Including Testing (tacit) WG
	Atul Bansal, Digital <bansal@lkg.dec.com>
	Geoff Huston, AARNet <G.Huston@aarnet.edu.au>

\(bu transition to IPng from multiple protocols

\(bu understand economics of transition

\(bu multiple protocol coexistence

\(bu understanding testing requirements is vital
	Internet now viewed as a utility

\(bu ongoing effort

\(bu not just IPv4 -> IPng
	???? -> IPng
	IPng -> IPgang

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
TACIT charter

.ps 20
facets of issue
\(bu transition from the currently deployed protocol to a new protocol
\(bu heterogeneity and decentralization will need to be accommodated
\(bu long period of coexistence between a protocol and the existing protocol
\(bu the Internet must now be considered a utility
	rigorous testing needed as part of predeployment phase

goals
\(bu learn from other transition and deployment efforts
\(bu detail problems areas in transition and coexistence
\(bu recommendation of specific testing procedures
\(bu recommendation of coexistence operations procedures with IPv4
\(bu recommendations for the smoothing of decentralized transition planning
\(bu facillatate transition pland from other network technologies
	e.g. IPX, CLNP

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
IPng coordinator (inquisitor?)

.ps 20
\(bu appoint an IPng directorate member to be specifically 
	responsibe for ensuring that a consistant view of IPng
	is maintained across the working groups

\(bu job description
	ask the exhaustive questions
	connecting all the points,
	offering the broadest perspective,
	but not making architectural decisions
                that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Security

.ps 20
        o -  specific efforts be undertaken to establish an IPng security
                        framework as the standard practice
                authentication header is very important
               default case encryption is very important
.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
EIDs

.ps 20
\(bu much discussion, little resolution
	too much at a research status

\(bu do not think EID work will affect IPng header format

\(bu sanctioned EID BOF in Toronto

\(bu any follow on WG likley not in IPng area
	transport possible

.bp
.ps 24
.vs 26
Other Needed Work

.ps 20
\(bu changing the size of the internetwork layer address 
	effects many IETF standards

\(bu new working groups must be formed in many areas to 
	TCP




From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul 18 14:10:51 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407181210.AA25994@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Revised NSAPA mapping
To: tuba@lanl.gov, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 14:10:51 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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[Acknowledgements for useful comments: Scott Bradner, John Curran,
Bob Hinden, Yakov Rekhter. And for the main improvement: Cyndi Jung.]

BTW, I haven't bothered to write down a mapping for NSAPAs inside
the BigTen 24-byte address format, but it is clearly trivial.

  Brian

1. NSAPAs inside a 16-byte IPng address


 The main goal of this embedding is to allow pre-existing  NSAPA
 allocations, profiled for CLNP, to be re-used for IPng routing. It does
 not offer a mapping for arbitrary NSAPAs.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |1 1 0 0 0 0|x x| AFcode| IDI (last 3 digits)   |Prefix(octet 0)|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             Prefix (octets 1 through 3)       | Area (octet 0)|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 | Area (octet 1)|    ID (octets 0 through 2)                    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|       ID (octets 3 through 5)                 |   NSEL        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



 The AFcode is 1111 (hexadecimal F) to represent AFI code 39 (DCC, digital
 country code). Otherwise, AFI code 47 (ICD, international code
 designator) is implicit and AFcode is the first digit of the ICD.

 The longest CLNP prefixes in use today appear to be 4 octets, in
 NORDUNET (the Nordic academic network). Thus the semantics of existing
 20-octet NSAPAs are fully mapped. DECnet/OSI address semantics are also
 fully mapped.

 The NSEL octet is retained. It is of no use for TCP and UDP traffic,
 but would be of use if a future revision of CLNP used the same format.
 The alignment is similar to that for 20-octet NSAPAs.


2. 16-byte IPng addresses inside a 20-octet NSAPA

 The main goal of this embedding is to allow CLNP packets that encapsulate
 IPng packets to be routed in a CLNP network using the IPng address
 architecture. An arbitrary number of bytes of the IPng address can be
 used as a CLNP routing prefix.

 The first three octets are an IDP meaning "this NSAPA embeds a
 16 byte IPng address" and the last octet is a dummy selector.
 Sorry about the alignment, but it seems very risky to overload
 the selector octet.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |  AFI = 47     |   ICD = ISoc (TBD)            | IPng (byte 0) |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             IPng (bytes 1-4)                                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 |             IPng (bytes 5-8)                                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|             IPng (bytes 9-12)                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 16-19|       IPng (bytes 13-15)                      |  NSEL = dummy |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


---




From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul 18 14:25:03 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407181225.AA26625@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: pure ASCII version
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 14:25:03 +0200 (MET DST)
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This is easier to read for the troffless masses
					       Brian

IP next generation (IPng)

Scott Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
Allison Mankin <mankin@itd.nrl.navy.mil> 

History

August 1993
   temporary IETF area formed to consolidate IPng activity

ADs from other areas
   on temporary assignment in addition to regular duties

existing IPng working groups moved into area

charge from the IETS chair to area

Charge from IESG chair

establish directorate

keep process public

understand available timeframe
   recommend policy changes if warranted

make a recommendation regarding the scope of IPng
   'just' fix addresses or more

develop clear and concise set of technical requirements

develop a recommendation on which, if any, of
   current proposals should be next IP

Directorate

J. Allard - Microsoft			<jallard@microsoft.com>
Steve Bellovin  - AT&T		<smb@research.att.com>
Jim Bound  - Digital			<bound@zk3.dec.com>
Ross Callon  - Wellfleet		<rcallon@wellfleet.com>
Brian Carpenter  - CERN	<brian.carpenter@cern.ch>
Dave Clark  - MIT			<ddc@lcs.mit.edu >
John Curran  - NEARnet	<curran@nic.near.net>
Steve Deering  - Xerox		<deering@parc.xerox.com>
Dino Farinacci  - Cisco		<dino@cisco.com>
Paul Francis - NTT			<francis@cactus.ntt.jp>
Eric Fleischmann  - Boeing	<ericf@atc.boeing.com>
Mark Knopper - Ameratech	<mak@aads.com>
Greg Minshall  - Novell		<minshall@wc.novell.com>
Rob Ullmann - Lotus		<ariel@world.std.com>
Lixia Zhang  - Xerox		 	<lixia@parc.xerox.com>

Public Process

big-internet mailing list used
   (big-internet-request@munnari.oz.au)

internal directorate mailing list archive made public

public reports

open directorate meetings

archive site
   hsdndev.harvard.edu
	   anonymous ftp & gopher

Available Timeframe

Address Lifetime Expectations (ALE) working group
   Frank Solensky, FTP Software <solensky@ftp.com>
   Tony Li, Cisco Systems <tli@cisco.com>
   <ipv4-ale-request@ftp.com>

made prediction at Seattle IETF meeting
   2008 \(+-3

assumes no paradigm shifts

ADs endorse current address assigment policies

 ADs do not currently recommend address reclamation efforts
   may be warranted if large address request(s) received
   and if sub-Class A nets can be assigned

Scope of IPng

we have adequate time in IPv4 address space

can do more than 'just' fix addresses

use requirements process to determine scope

IPng Technical Requirements 

IPng requirements working group (ngreq)
   Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software <kasten@ftp.com>
   Jon Crowcroft, UCL <J.Crowcroft@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
   uses big-internet mailing list

draft requirements document
   based on Kastenholz/Partridge draft
   (draft-kastenholz-ipng-criteria-02.txt)
   criteria, discussion & time frame

RFC1550 white papers

White Papers

draft-adamson-ipng-radio-req-00.txt
draft-bellovin-ipng-addr-per-host-00.txt
draft-bellovin-ipng-sec-concerns-00.txt
draft-bound-ipng-bsdhost-implement-00.txt
draft-brazdziunas-ipng-atm-00.txt
draft-britton-ipng-req-corp-netwrk-00.txt
draft-brownlee-ipng-acct-req-00.txt
draft-carpenter-ipng-whitepaper-00.txt
draft-clark-ipng-multipro-interop-00.txt
draft-curran-ipng-viability-00.txt
draft-estrin-ipng-unified-routing-00.txt
draft-fleischman-ipng-corp-view-00.txt
draft-ghiselli-ipng-whitepaper-req-00.txt
draft-green-ipng-navy-hpn-00.txt
draft-heagerty-ipng-input-00.txt
draft-simpson-ipng-mobility-00.txt
draft-skelton-ipng-epri-00.txt
draft-symington-ipng-model-00.txt
draft-taylor-ipng-cdpd-viewpt-00.txt
draft-vecchi-ipng-tvcable-viewpt-00.txt

 to become Informational RFCs

Proposal Whitepapers

 tuba
    draft-ford-ipng-tuba-whitepaper-00.txt

 sipp
    draft-ietf-sipp-whitepaper-00.txt

 catnip
    draft-mcgovern-ipng-catnip-wpaper-00.txt

IPng Criterias

 10E9 networks, 10E12 end-systems
 topologically flexible
 high performance
 robust
 media independent
 datagram protocol
 autoconfiguration
 secure operation
 globally unique names
 support multicasting
 extensible
 service classes
 support mobile hosts
 tunneling
 straightforward transition plan

Nostradamus mode

 predicting the future is hard

 from "A Proposal for a Next Generation Internet Protocol"
    Ross Callon - December, 1987

    detailed requirements seen for 1997

    Internet doubling every year (720 assigned nets in '87)

    listed requirements:
	    change should last for at least 10-15 years
	    very high speed nets (microsecond forwarding time)
	    plan for at least 100,000 nets, 10,000 ASs
	    administrative diversity - addressing complexity
	    effective general congestion control
	    efficient source routing

    side note:
	    "The expected arrival of ISDN will have a major
	    impact on data communications in the 1990's
		and beyond."

Assumptions

we see consensus on the following points

 we need to make a specific recommendation now

 basic requirements agreed to

 proceed with single IPng effort

Reviews of IPng Proposals

xxx

Recommendations

 go forward with single IPng working group

 all base documents to be ready for proposed standard
    consideration by December

 minimual required IPng functionality must include
    autoconfiguration & security

IPng Working Group

 a new IPng working group be formed
    chairs: Deering, xxx, yyy
	    short-term milestones for the proposed standards for IPng
		  IPng BOF meeting twice in Toronto

 base IPng draft documents
    SIPP-16
    SST

IPng Working Group, charter outline

Existing IPng Proposal Working Groups

 at start of process we said that we would not force
    shutdown of existing working groups when IPng recomendation made

 current IPng proposal working groups returned to Internet area

 can continue to work, but work will not be on IPng
    or expected to have specific influence on IPng

 can disband if chairs so choose

IPng Addresses

 16 byte Internet address

 address formats determined by IPng working group

 assignment coordinated by the IANA

IPng Addresses, contd

 propose mapping algorythms from and to other environments

 where addresses are globally unique and assigned along network topology

 IPX, NSAPA, etc

 work with other organizations for development of such mappings

Autoconfiguration

 autoconfiguration a required feature of IPng

 an IPng autoconfiguration working group be formed
    chairs - Sue Thompson & Dave Katz

 base document
    draft from Sue Thompson & Dave Katz

 serverless & serverfull modes must be supported

Autoconfiguration WG charter

Transition

 two IPng transition efforts

 short term
    refine IPng-specific documents for proposed standard

 long term
    transition, coexistance & testing

Transition, short term

 new short lived working group - NGTRANS

 base document - final SST overview from IPng WG

 create series of standards track documents

NGTRANS charter

Transition, long term

 Transition and Coexistence Including Testing (tacit) WG
    Atul Bansal, Digital <bansal@lkg.dec.com>
    Geoff Huston, AARNet <G.Huston@aarnet.edu.au>

 transition to IPng from multiple protocols

 understand economics of transition

 multiple protocol coexistence

 understanding testing requirements is vital
    Internet now viewed as a utility

 ongoing effort

 not just IPv4 -> IPng
    ???? -> IPng
    IPng -> IPgang


TACIT charter

facets of issue
 transition from the currently deployed protocol to a new protocol
 heterogeneity and decentralization will need to be accommodated
 long period of coexistence between a protocol and the existing protocol
 the Internet must now be considered a utility
    rigorous testing needed as part of predeployment phase

goals
 learn from other transition and deployment efforts
 detail problems areas in transition and coexistence
 recommendation of specific testing procedures
 recommendation of coexistence operations procedures with IPv4
 recommendations for the smoothing of decentralized transition planning
 facillatate transition pland from other network technologies
    e.g. IPX, CLNP

IPng coordinator (inquisitor?)

 appoint an IPng directorate member to be specifically
    responsibe for ensuring that a consistant view of IPng
    is maintained across the working groups

 job description
    ask the exhaustive questions
    connecting all the points,
    offering the broadest perspective,
    but not making architectural decisions
	    that is the work of the wgs and the ietf.


Security

        o -  specific efforts be undertaken to establish an IPng security
                        framework as the standard practice
                authentication header is very important
               default case encryption is very important
EIDs

 much discussion, little resolution
    too much at a research status

 do not think EID work will affect IPng header format

 sanctioned EID BOF in Toronto

 any follow on WG likley not in IPng area
    transport possible


Other Needed Work

 changing the size of the internetwork layer address
    effects many IETF standards

 new working groups must be formed in many areas to
    TCP




From scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US Mon Jul 18 10:18:16 1994
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          18 Jul 94 10:18 EDT
To: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
cc: Lois Aylestock <laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sun, 17 Jul 94 22:31:42 PDT."
	     <94Jul17.223152pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 10:18:16 -0400
From: Steve Coya <scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
Message-ID:  <9407181018.aa03754@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

>> [By the way, are Lois Keiper and Lois Aylestock one and the same?]

Yup. Lois Keiper became Lois Aylestock on May 27th.

From laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US Mon Jul 18 10:44:57 1994
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          18 Jul 94 10:39 EDT
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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 10:44:57 -0500
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
From: Lois Aylestock <laylesto@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
MMDF-Warning:  Parse error in original version of preceding line at IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Subject: Ipng Teleconference July Monday 18, 1994
Cc: laylestock@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
Message-ID:  <9407181039.aa04314@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

>
FINAL:
>
>>
>>The names marked with an asterisk are those who have confirmed participation
>>for the IPng teleconference scheduled for July 18, 1994 at 11:30 - 1:30
>>EDT.

>>Thank you for your prompt responses!!!!
>>
>>
>>                      ?J. Allard               206-936-9031?
>>                      *Steve Bellovin          908-582-5886*
>>                      -Jim Bound                 REGRETS
>>                      *Scott Bradner           617-661-3295*
>>                      *Ross Callon             714-553-0100* (room 806)
>                       *Brian Carpenter         +41 22 767 4967*
>>                      *Dave Clark              617-253-6003*
>                       *Steve Coya              703-620-8990*
>>                      *John Curran             will call in after 12pm*
>>                      *Steve Deering           415-812-4839*
>>                      *Dino Farinacci          408-226-6870*
>>                      *Eric Fleischman         206-957-5334*
>>                      ?Paul Francis            +81 33 928 0408?
>                       ?Mark Knopper            313-741-5445?
>                       *Allison Mankin          212-642-4954*
>>                      *Greg Minshall           408-577-7511*
>                       ?Rob Ullmann             617-693-1315?
>>                      *Lixia Zhang             415-812-4415*
>>                      *Paul Mockapetris        212-642-4954* (special guest)
>>
>>If you need to be added to the teleconference call in progress, please call
>>1-800-232-1234 or for the international participants, 516-424-3151.  The call
>>can be referenced by the confirmation number -ER16042 in the orginators name,
>>Steve Coya.
>>
>>Thanks
>>
>>
>>Lois
>>
>>
>>
>
>Lois J. Keiper
>IETF Secretariat
>
>





From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Mon Jul 18 18:32:07 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407181632.AA05481@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: 15 months progress in understanding?
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 18:32:07 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Look at the date... look at the progress in clarification since then...

  Brian

>--------- Text sent by brian follows:
> From brian Thu Apr 15 14:02:08 1993
> Subject: Re: Ullmann's IPv7 (was Re: (ex) re: EIDs...)
> To: Bob.Hinden@eng.sun.com (Bob Hinden)
> Date: Thu, 15 Apr 1993 14:02:08 +0200 (MET DST)
> In-Reply-To: <9304150514.AA00514@bigriver.Eng.Sun.COM> from "Bob Hinden" at Apr 14, 93 10:14:23 pm
> X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL20]
> MIME-Version: 1.0
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> Content-Length: 415       
> 
> Bob,
> 
> I won't waste list resources on this but I like the logical structure
> of your sentence:
> > 
> > A problem I have with <x>s is that as a general concept they are simple
> > to understand, but doesn't seem to be any agreement as to what they are.
> > 
> where of course many things besides EID could be substituted for <x>.
> I've kept out of the EID debate for exactly the reason you express
> in this sentence!
> 
>    Brian
> 


From deering@parc.xerox.com Mon Jul 18 11:08:05 1994
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Subject: SST draft
Date: 	Mon, 18 Jul 1994 11:08:05 PDT
Sender: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
From: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
Message-Id: <94Jul18.110817pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>

In case any directorate members are not on the sipp list...

------- Forwarded Message

Date:	Sun, 17 Jul 1994 07:06:43 -0700
>From: gilligan@jurassic.Eng.Sun.COM (Bob Gilligan)
To:	sipp@sunroof.eng.sun.com
Subject: (sipp) SST overview paper

As promised, I have written up an overview paper explaining the Simple
SIPP Transition (SST) proposal.  I'll send this in to the internet
drafts editor today so that it can be entered into the archives before
the Toronto meeting.  Send comments, questions or suggestions to me or
the list.  We can discuss SST more at the SIPP working group meeting
in Toronto.

Bob.










Internet Engineering Task Force               Robert E. Gilligan
INTERNET-DRAFT                                Sun Microsystems, Inc.

                                              July 17, 1994


                 Simple SIPP Transition (SST) Overview
                 <draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt>

Abstract

In order to address problems of scaling and address space, the Simple
Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP) has been proposed as the new version of
the Internet Protocol (IP).  If SIPP is to be widely adopted in the
global Internet, the transition from the current IP must be simple and
easy for users as well as network operators.  In order for this to
occur, hosts and routers implementing the new protocol must interoperate
with the large installed base of systems which continue to use the
existing IP.  In addition, the transition process must not disrupt the
operation of the Internet.  This paper provides an overview of a set of
mechanisms, operational practices, and transition plans that can be used
for transitioning the Internet from IPv4 to SIPP.  These techniques are
collectively termed the Simple SIPP Transition (SST).

While specifically designed to transition the IPv4 Internet to SIPP, the
methods used in SST could be adapted to transition other internet layer
protocols such as IPX or CLNP to SIPP.


Status of this Memo

Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups.  Note that other groups
may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts.

Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months.
This Internet Draft expires on January 17, 1995.  Internet Drafts may be
updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite
them other than as a "working draft" or "work in progress."

Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet Draft
directory to learn the current status of this or any other Internet
Draft.

Distribution of this memo is unlimited.





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History and Acknowledgements

SST is the result of the efforts of the SIPP, SIP, PIP, and IPAE
working groups over a period of more than two years.  SST is based on
the IPAE proposal [IPAE].  IPAE was based on ideas originally
developed by Dave Crocker and Bob Hinden.  Erik Nordmark, Ron Jacoby,
Steve Deering, Bob Hinden and Dave Crocker made significant
contributions to the design of IPAE.

SST can be viewed as a simplification of IPAE.  A number of people
provided feedback on IPAE and suggested changes which lead to SST.
SST incorporates many of these changes, including:

   -    Complete elimination of table-based IPv4/SIPP address mapping,
        as suggested by John Curran.

   -    Elimination of the C-bit, and replacing it with a simplified
        form of "IPv4 compatible SIPP address", using the 32-bit "C
        prefix" suggested by Bill Simpson.

   -    More use of the "dual stack" technique in both hosts and
        routers, as suggested by Ross Callon.

   -    A consistent and intuitive nomenclature, as suggested by Jim
        Bound.

A number of people have provided feedback and suggestions on earlier
drafts of this paper, including ...























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1. Introduction

The Simple SIPP Transition (SST) is a set of mechanisms and practices to
transition the Internet from IP version 4 (IPv4) to the Simple Internet
Protocol Plus (SIPP).

SST is made up of a number of elements:

  -     A SIPP addressing structure that embeds IPv4 addresses in SIPP
        addresses, and encodes other information used by the transition
        mechanisms within SIPP addresses.

  -     Transition mechanisms such as SIPP-in-IPv4 encapsulation and
        SIPP/IPv4 header translation, which are implemented in hosts,
        routers, and special header translating routers.  These
        mechanisms allow SIPP nodes to interoperate with IPv4 nodes, and
        allow SIPP nodes to utilize IPv4 routing infrastructures.

  -     Operational practices for assigning IPv4 and SIPP addresses.

  -     Operational practices for upgrading hosts and routers and
        deploying new hosts and routers.

  -     Operational practices for deploying DNS servers that support
        the SIPP address record type.

  -     Plans for transitioning individual Internet sites to SIPP.

  -     Plans for transitioning the global Internet to SIPP.

SST provides a number of features, including:

  -     Incremental upgrade.  Existing installed IPv4 hosts and routers
        may be upgraded to SIPP at any time without being dependent on
        any other hosts or routers being upgraded.

  -     Incremental deployment.  New SIPP hosts and routers can be
        installed at any time without any prerequisites.

  -     Easy Addressing.  When existing installed IPv4 hosts or routers
        are upgraded to SIPP, they may continue to use their existing
        address.  They do not need to be assigned new addresses.

  -     Low start-up costs.  Little or no preparation work is needed in
        order to upgrade existing IPv4 systems to SIPP, or to deploy new
        SIPP systems.

1.1. Additional Documents



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This paper provides an overview of SST.  It gives an introduction to the
concepts used in the transition, and describes the mechanisms that are
employed.  This is not a specification document.  The requirements on
the hosts, routers and header translating routers are detailed in two
companion documents:

  -     SIPP Transition Mechanisms for Hosts and Routers [SST-HR]

        This is a detailed specification of the transition mechanisms
        that hosts and routers implement.  This is a specification
        document, written with the standard MUST/SHOULD/MAY wording.

  -     SIPP Transition Mechanisms for Header Translating Routers [SST-TR]

        This a detailed specification of the special mechanisms that
        translating routers must implement.  This is a specification
        document, written with the standard MUST/SHOULD/MAY wording.

No transition proposal can be complete without a detailed plan for how
the transition will be carried out operationally.  For SST, this
information is detailed in a companion document:

  -     SIPP Transition Plan [SST-TP]

        This is an informational paper detailing the specific
        operational steps that must be taken to transition the Internet
        to using SIPP globally.  This paper includes time lines for the
        transition, and identifies specific milestones.


1.2. Intended Audience

Individuals such as end users and system administrators who are
interested in the concepts of SST can read this paper by itself.

People implementing host and router software which will incorporate the
transition mechanisms should read this paper in conjunction with the
specification documents.

People who will be involved in the transitioning the operational
Internet should read this paper along with the SIPP Transition Plan.

All readers should be familiar with SIPP and IPv4.  The SIPP
specification [SIPP] should be read before reading this document.

1.3. Notation

This paper is written assuming a 128-bit SIPP address size.  We use



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the following notation to write SIPP addresses:

        xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd

Where "x" represents a hex digit, and "d" represents a decimal digit.
Each group of hex digits separated by ":" represents 16 bits of the
address.  Leading zero digits in each group are suppressed.  Each group
of decimal digits separated by "." represents 8 bits of the address.
Leading zero digits are suppressed here also.  It is expected that the
notation for 128-bit SIPP addresses will eventually be standardized and
defined in the SIPP specification document.

1.4. Adaptability to Other Internet Layer Protocols

If SIPP is successful as a successor to IPv4, then organizations
operating networks of other internet layer protocols, such as CLNP or
IPX, may wish to transition them also to SIPP.  The techniques in SST
can be adapted to transition virtually any existing internet layer
infrastructure to SIPP so long as the following assumptions hold:

   -    Addresses in the other internet layer protocol can be mapped
        into the SIPP address space efficiently.

  -     The semantics of the other internet layer protocol are similar
        enough for header translation to work.

If these assumptions do not hold, or if the population of nodes
running the other protocol is small, a "pure dual stack" transition
approach may be more appropriate.

The first assumption appears to be true for CLNP and IPX.  SIPP
address space has been assigned for CLNP NSAP and IPX addresses in the
SIPP Routing and Addressing specification document [SIPP-ROAD].  And
both CLNP and IPX are semantically close enough to SIPP to believe
that header translation may be possible.
















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2. Definitions

A number of new terms are introduced in this paper.

IPv4-only node:

        A host or router that speaks only IPv4.  An IPv4-only node does
        not understand SIPP.  The existing installed base of IPv4 hosts
        and routers today are all IPv4-only nodes.

SIPP/IPv4 node:

        A host or router that speaks both IPv4 and SIPP.  SIPP/IPv4
        nodes must implement transition mechanisms (e.g. tunneling) in
        addition to the basic SIPP and IPv4 protocols.

SIPP-only node:

        A host or router that speaks only SIPP and implements a few
        simple transition mechanisms.  A SIPP-only node does not
        understand IPv4.

SIPP/IPv4 header translating router:

        A SIPP/IPv4 router that performs SIPP/IPv4 header translation.

IPv4-compatible SIPP address:

        A SIPP address that holds an IPv4 address embedded in the
        low-order 32-bits.  IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses bear the
        prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0 or 0:0:0:0:0:1.  IPv4-compatible SIPP
        addresses with the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0 identify IPv4-only nodes.
        IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses with the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1 are
        assigned to SIPP/IPv4 or SIPP-only nodes.

IPv4-incompatible SIPP address:

        A SIPP address that does not necessarily hold an IPv4-address
        embedded in the low-order 32-bits.  IPv4-incompatible SIPP
        addresses bear the prefixes 0:0:0:0:0:2 through
        ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff.  IPv4-incompatible SIPP addresses
        are assigned to SIPP/IPv4 or SIPP-only nodes.

SIPP/IPv4 area:

        A region of infrastructure interconnected by IPv4-only or
        SIPP/IPv4 routers.




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SIPP-only area:

        A region of infrastructure interconnected by SIPP-only routers.

SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling (encapsulation):

        The technique of encapsulating SIPP packets within IPv4 so that
        it can be carried across the IPv4 topology of a SIPP/IPv4 area.

SIPP/IPv4 header translation:

        The technique of translating SIPP packets into IPv4, and IPv4
        packets into SIPP, so that IPv4-only and SIPP-only hosts can
        interoperate.





































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3. Transition Model

The design of SST is based on two fundamental assumptions about how the
transition will take place.  The first is that the Internet will
transition to SIPP in an evolutionary fashion over an extended period of
time.  The second is that the sites that make up the Internet will
transition at different rates and on different time schedules.

It is expected that, for most Internet sites, the transition will occur
in two phases.  First, they will evolve from their initial state, in
which all hosts and routers support only IPv4, to a state where most
hosts and routers support both SIPP and IPv4.  In the second phase,
Internet sites would evolve to a state where all of the hosts and
routers support only SIPP, and none directly support IPv4.  The second
phase is optional.  Sites may elect to stop when the first phase is
complete.

The transition from an "IPv4-only" infrastructure to a "dual SIPP and
IPv4" infrastructure will take place at different speeds in different
Internet sites.  Some organizations will transition rapidly, while
others will delay transition for quite some time.  This transition phase
can begin immediately, but may be carried out over an extended period of
time.

The eventual transition of some areas of the Internet to a "SIPP-only"
infrastructure is unlikely to begin immediately.  It will more likely
begin only after the first phase of transition is completed, or at least
well under way.  Even after some areas begin a transition to SIPP-only,
other areas of the Internet may choose to remain IPv4-only or SIPP/IPv4
indefinitely.  In order to accommodate this, SST provides a way for
hosts that only support SIPP to continue to interoperate with hosts that
only support IPv4.

Most organizations that do decide to transition to a SIPP-only
infrastructure will likely do so only after first transitioning to a
dual SIPP/IPv4 infrastructure.  However, this is not strictly required.
Sites may transition directly from IPv4-only to SIPP-only if they wish.
And organizations building entirely new infrastructures may elect to
make them SIPP-only.

The general timeline of transition for the Internet can be viewed as:

        IPv4 only  ----->  Dual SIPP/IPv4  -----> SIPP only

               (first phase)           (second phase)


        Today            --- Time --->            Future



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SST is designed to optimize what is expected to be the common case for
most sites: a two-phase transition.  SST makes the first phase --
transition to dual SIPP/IPv4 -- quite easy, requiring virtually no
interdependencies.  The second phase -- transition to a SIPP-only
infrastructure -- requires somewhat more effort.  Some planning is
needed, and translating routers must be deployed, before any SIPP-only
infrastructure can be built.  Nevertheless, once a site has transitioned
to SIPP/IPv4, its subsequent transition to SIPP-only is straightforward.











































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4. System Components

SST assumes that three different types of hosts and routers will exist:

  -     "IPv4-only nodes" are routers and hosts that only support IPv4;
        They do not support SIPP.  At the beginning of the transition,
        all hosts and routers in the Internet are IPv4-only.

  -     "SIPP/IPv4 nodes" are hosts and routers that support both SIPP
        and IPv4, as well as some additional transition mechanisms such
        as SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling.  SIPP/IPv4 nodes can directly
        interoperate with both SIPP and IPv4 nodes, although to
        interoperate with IPv4-only nodes, they must be configured with
        an "IPv4-compatible" SIPP address.  The first transition phase
        in a site involves converting most or all hosts and routers in
        that site from IPv4-only to SIPP/IPv4.

  -     "SIPP-only nodes" are hosts and routers that support only
        SIPP.  SIPP-only nodes implement a few simple features (such
        as a compatible TCP pseudo-header checksum algorithm) that
        allow them to interoperate with IPv4 nodes, but they do not
        provide an IPv4 protocol implementation.  Like SIPP/IPv4
        nodes, SIPP-only nodes must be configured with
        "IPv4-compatible" SIPP addresses in order to interoperate with
        IPv4 nodes.  The second phase of transition in a site involves
        converting all of the hosts and routers in that site to
        SIPP-only.

        Note: The simple IPv4-compatibility features implement are
        optional.  They need not be implemented in SIPP-only nodes
        that never will interoperate with IPv4 nodes.  However,
        SIPP-only nodes that do not interoperate with IPv4 are outside
        the scope of this paper.

One additional type of node is used in the transition:

  -     "SIPP/IPv4 header translating routers" are SIPP/IPv4 routers
        that translate IPv4 packets into SIPP, and SIPP packets into
        IPv4.  Translating routers are needed in order for SIPP-only
        nodes that are configured with IPv4-compatible addresses to
        interoperate with IPv4-only nodes.

It is expected that as part of their normal evolution, most products
that implement the Internet Protocols will eventually become
"SIPP/IPv4".  Vendors may deliver this product change as part of a
normal software release.  Users will install such upgrades as part of
their normal operational procedures.  Thus hosts and routers may
transition from IPv4-only to SIPP/IPv4 as part of a normal system



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upgrade.  Since SIPP/IPv4 hosts and routers keep their complete IPv4
implementation, any IPv4-only host or router can be upgraded to
SIPP/IPv4 without affecting its IPv4 functionallity in any way.  Thus
most IPv4-only nodes can be upgraded to SIPP/IPv4 at any time.  .bp 5.
Addressing

The SIPP addressing structure which SST uses encodes the following
information into SIPP addresses:

  -     An IPv4 address.  Some SIPP addresses hold an IPv4 address in
        the low-order 32-bits.

  -     Whether an IPv4 address is embedded.  The high-order 96-bits of
        the address encode whether the low-order 32-bits hold an IPv4
        address.

  -     Whether the node is IPv4-only.  The high-order 96-bits of the
        address encode whether the address identifies an IPv4-only node
        or a SIPP node.

SST employs two special 96-bit SIPP address prefixes: 0:0:0:0:0:0 and
0:0:0:0:0:1.  All SIPP addresses with these two prefixes hold an IPv4
address in the low-order 32 bits.  These addresses are termed
"IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses."

The first prefix, 0:0:0:0:0:0, is used to identify IPv4-only nodes.  The
addresses of all IPv4-only nodes are mapped into the SIPP address space
under the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0.  In other words, a SIPP address of the
form:

        0:0:0:0:0:0:<IPv4-address>

identifies an IPv4-only host or router that has been assigned the IPv4
address <IPv4-address>.  Addresses with the 0:0:0:0:0:0 prefix show up
in packets, but not in the DNS.  SIPP "ASEQ" address records are NOT
listed in the DNS for IPv4-only nodes.  IPv4-only nodes continue to have
only IPv4 "A" records listed in the DNS.

The prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1 is used to assign addresses to SIPP nodes
(SIPP/IPv4 or SIPP-only) that wish to interoperate with IPv4 nodes.  Any
SIPP node that wishes to interoperate with IPv4 nodes must be assigned
an address of the form:

        0:0:0:0:0:1:<IPv4-address>

If a SIPP node does not have at least one address with the prefix
0:0:0:0:0:1 it can not interoperate with IPv4 hosts.




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When an address with the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1 is assigned to a SIPP node,
the low-order 32-bits (the <IPv4-address> portion) must be a valid,
globally unique, IPv4 address assigned according to the IPv4 numbering
plan used on the subnet to which that node is attached.  Two address
records must be listed in the DNS.  The full 128-bit SIPP address must
be listed in the DNS with an ASEQ record.  In addition, the low-order
32-bits of the address must be listed in the DNS with an A record.
Listing A records in the DNS allows IPv4-only nodes to contact SIPP
nodes that have IPv4-compatible addresses.

The remainder of the SIPP address space -- those addresses with 96-bit
prefixes from 0:0:0:0:0:2 through ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff -- are
used to assign addresses to SIPP nodes that DO NOT wish to interoperate
with IPv4 nodes.  These are termed "IPv4-incompatible" SIPP addresses
because they are not be used for interoperating with IPv4 nodes.
IPv4-incompatible addresses may hold an embedded IPv4 address, however,
the transition mechanisms do not require or use that information.

The entire space of IPv4-incompatible SIPP addresses is available for
use in a global SIPP addressing plan that is not burdened with
transition requirements.  For example, an addressing plan for
auto-configured addresses could be developed which is completely
independent of the transition mechanisms.

When IPv4-incompatible SIPP addresses are assigned to SIPP nodes, only
"ASEQ" records are listed in the DNS.  "A" records are not needed -- or
even possible -- because IPv4-incompatible SIPP addresses can not be
used for interoperating with IPv4 nodes.

SIPP Addressing Summary:

                                        Embedded                DNS Record
                                        IPv4     Type of        Type
        High-order 96-bit prefix        Addr     Node           Required
        ------------------------        -------  ----------     -------
        0:0:0:0:0:0                     Yes      IPv4-only      A only

        0:0:0:0:0:1                     Yes      SIPP/IPv4 or   A and
                                                 SIPP-only      ASEQ

        0:0:0:0:0:2 through
        ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff   No       SIPP/IPv4 or   ASEQ only
                                                 SIPP-only








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The ability of IPv4-only, SIPP/IPv4 and SIPP-only nodes to interoperate
is as follows:

                ---------------------------
                SIPP-only node             \
                w/ IPv4-incompatible        \
                Address                      \
                ------------------------      \
                SIPP-only node          \      \
                w/ IPv4-compatible       \      \
                Address                   \      \
                ---------------------      \      \
                SIPP/IPv4 node       \      \      \
                w/ IPv4-incompatible  \      \      \
                Address                \      \      |
                ------------------      \      \     |
                SIPP/IPv4 node    \      \      |    |
                w/ IPv4-compatible \      \     |    |
                Address             \      |    |    |
                ---------------      \     |    |    |
                IPv4-only node \      |    |    |    |
                ------------\   \     |    |    |    |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+
        IPv4-only node       | D | D  | N  | T  | N  |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+
        SIPP/IPv4 node       |   |    |    |    |    |
        w/ IPv4-compatible   | D | D  | D  | D  | D  |
        Address              |   |    |    |    |    |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+
        SIPP/IPv4 node       |   |    |    |    |    |
        w/ IPv4-incompatible | N | D  | D  | D  | D  |
        Address              |   |    |    |    |    |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+
        SIPP-only node       |   |    |    |    |    |
        w/ IPv4-compatible   | T | D  | D  | D  | D  |
        Address              |   |    |    |    |    |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+
        SIPP-only node       |   |    |    |    |    |
        w/ IPv4-incompatible | N | D  | D  | D  | D  |
        Address              |   |    |    |    |    |
        ---------------------+---+----+----+----+----+

                D = Direct Interoperability
                T = Interoperability with aid of a translating router
                N = Non Interoperable






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6. Tunneling and Translation

6.1. Topologies

The routing model used in SST is designed to deal with the routing
topologies that are likely to develop in the Internet as the transition
progresses:

  -     "SIPP/IPv4 areas" are topologies that are connected either by
        IPv4-only routers or SIPP/IPv4 routers.  SIPP/IPv4 areas route
        IPv4 completely to ALL subnets within the area.  In addition,
        they may route SIPP, although this is not required.  If SIPP
        routing is provided in a SIPP/IPv4 area, it may not be to every
        subnet within the area. Topologies that consist exclusively of
        IPv4-only routers are considered SIPP/IPv4 areas.

        There are some restrictions on what types of hosts can operate
        in SIPP/IPv4 areas.  They may hold IPv4-only or SIPP/IPv4 hosts.
        However SIPP-only hosts can not be deployed in SIPP/IPv4 areas
        because SIPP routers are not present on every subnet.

  -     "SIPP-only areas" are topologies that are connected by SIPP-only
        routers, or SIPP/IPv4 routers with IPv4 routing disabled.  SIPP
        is routed completely within SIPP-only areas, and IPv4 is not
        routed at all.  Thus SIPP-only areas can directly carry ONLY
        SIPP packets.

        There are some restrictions on what hosts can operate in
        SIPP-only ares.  SIPP/IPv4 or SIPP-only can be deployed, but
        IPv4-only hosts may not be deployed in SIPP-only areas because
        IPv4 routers are not present.

Note that SST is not designed to deal with a single area that is
composed of a mixture of IPv4-only and SIPP-only routers.  It is not
generally possible to mix SIPP-only and IPv4 only routers.  The two can
not exchange packets because they do not share a common protocol.

However, area sizes may be quite flexible: a single node may be treated
as an area, as may the entire Internet.

SIPP/IPv4 and SIPP-only areas may be interconnected subject to a few
restrictions:

  -     SIPP/IPv4 areas can be inter-connected with other SIPP/IPv4
        areas by IPv4-only or SIPP/IPv4 routers, forming larger
        SIPP/IPv4 areas.  For example:

                SIPP/IPv4 area ---- SIPP/IPv4 router ---- SIPP/IPv4 area



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        or

                SIPP/IPv4 area ---- IPv4 router ---- SIPP/IPv4 area

   -    SIPP-only areas may be interconnected with other SIPP-only
        areas by SIPP-only routers, or SIPP/IPv4 routers with IPv4
        disabled, forming larger SIPP-only areas.  For example:

                SIPP-only area ---- SIPP-only router ---- SIPP-only area

        or

                SIPP-only area ---- SIPP/IPv4 router ---- SIPP-only area
                                    (IPv4 disabled)

   -    SIPP/IPv4 areas may ONLY be interconnected with SIPP-only areas
        by a translating router.  SIPP/IPv4 and SIPP-only areas MAY NOT
        be interconnected by standard IPv4-only, SIPP/IPv4 or SIPP-only
        routers. For example:

                SIPP/IPv4 area ---- Translating router ---- SIPP-only area

6.2. SIPP-in-IPv4 Tunneling

SIPP packets can be carried across segments of the IPv4 topology of
SIPP/IPv4 areas by using the SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling technique.  A
SIPP/IPv4 node that has IPv4 reachability to another SIPP/IPv4 node may
send SIPP packets to that node by encapsulating them within IPv4
headers.  In order for this technique to work, both nodes must be
assigned IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses.  This is necessary because the
low-order 32-bits of those addresses are used as source and destination
addresses of the encapsulating IPv4 header.

For example, say two SIPP/IPv4 nodes N1 and N2 are attached to a common
SIPP/IPv4 area:

        SIPP/IPv4 ------- SIPP/IPv4 area ------- SIPP/IPv4
        Node N1                                  Node N2
        (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.1.2)                (0:0:0:0:0:1:192.9.5.3)

If N1 wishes to send a SIPP packet to N2, it could encapsulate that
packet within an IPv4 packet as follows:

        +---------------------+
        |                     |
        | src = 129.144.1.2   | IPv4 Header
        | dst = 192.9.5.3     |
        |                     |



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        +---------------------+
        |                     |
        .                     . SIPP Header
        .                     .
        .                     .

When N2 receives this packet, it decapsulates it (remove the IPv4
header), and then process the SIPP header as it would any received SIPP
packet.

Note that the source address of the encapsulating IPv4 packet is the
low-order 32-bits of N1's IPv4-compatible SIPP address, and the
destination address is the low-order 32-bits of N2's IPv4-compatible
SIPP address.

The SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling technique can be used between two SIPP/IPv4
hosts.  In that case, the tunneling is "end-to-end".  Tunneling can also
be used between two SIPP/IPv4 routers, between a SIPP/IPv4 router and a
SIPP/IPv4 host, or between a SIPP/IPv4 host and a SIPP/IPv4 router.  In
these three cases, the tunneling is over only a segment of the complete
end-to-end path.  In all cases, however, the source address of the IPv4
header is the low-order 32-bits of the SIPP address of the node that
performs the encapsulation, and the destination address of the IPv4
header is low-order 32-bits of the SIPP address of the node that the
encapsulating node expects to decapsulate the packet.

Constructing the encapsulating IPv4 header is straightforward when a
SIPP/IPv4 host or router is tunneling a SIPP packet directly to the
destination host: The "tunnel endpoint" address (destination address of
the encapsulating IPv4 packet) is simply the low-order 32-bits of the
SIPP packet's destination address.  Since the "tunnel endpoint" address
is carried in the SIPP packet being tunneled, tunneling to end-hosts can
be viewed as "stateless" or "automatic".

When tunneling to an intermediary router, the tunnel endpoint address is
the low-order 32-bits of the router's SIPP address.  Since this
information is not carried in the packet, tunneling to intermediary
routers requires configuration on the host or router doing the
tunneling.  This configuration information could come in the form of
routing table information on a host, or neighbor configuration
information on a router.

Hosts and routers in SST make extensive use of "automatic" tunneling to
hosts, but only tunnel to intermediary routers when configured to do so.

Except for the case of translating routers (see next section), the
intermediary routers on the path between the encapsulating node and the
decapsulating node do not look at the SIPP header of the packet.  They



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route the packet entirely based on its IPv4 header.  This is the case
even if the routers along the path are SIPP/IPv4 routers.

In summary, SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling can be done between the following
pairs of SIPP/IPv4 nodes:


        Encapsulating   Decapsulating
        Node            Node            Tunnel Endpoint IPv4 Address
        -----------     ----            ----------------------------
        Source Host     Dest Host       Low-order 32-bits of dest addr

        Source Host     Router          Low-order 32-bits of router addr

        Router          Router          Low-order 32-bits of router addr

        Router          Dest Host       Low-order 32-bits of dest addr


6.3. Header Translation.

Header translating routers bridge the IPv4 infrastructure of SIPP/IPv4
areas into the SIPP infrastructure of SIPP-only areas.  There are two
kinds of traffic that need to be so bridged: IPv4 packets sent to or
from IPv4-only nodes, and SIPP packets encapsulated within IPv4 headers
sent between SIPP nodes.

Translating routers must provide all of the features required of
SIPP/IPv4 routers since they must route both SIPP and IPv4 packets.  In
addition to their routing responsibilities, they must perform three
specific functions:

   -    Translate IPv4 headers into SIPP.  The IPv4 packets that must
        be translated are those that are generated by IPv4-only nodes,
        and addressed to SIPP nodes located within SIPP-only areas.
        For example:

        (IPv4 packet)   -->  (Translate to SIPP)  --> (SIPP Packet)

        SIPP/IPv4 area ----- Translating router ----- SIPP-only area
             |                                             |
             |                                             |
        IPv4-only node                                SIPP-only node


   -    Translate SIPP headers into IPv4.  The SIPP packets that must
        be translated are those that are generated by SIPP nodes
        located within SIPP-only areas, and addressed to IPv4-only



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        node.  For example:

        (IPv4 packet)   <-- (Translate to IPv4)  <--  (SIPP Packet)

        SIPP/IPv4 area ----- Translating router ----- SIPP-only area
             |                                             |
             |                                             |
        IPv4-only node                                SIPP-only node


   -    Decapsulate SIPP-in-IPv4 packets.  Translating routers must
        decapsulate all SIPP-in-IPv4 packets, even those that are not
        addressed to them.  For example:


        (SIPP packet
         encapsulated
         in IPv4)       -->     (Decapsulate)   -->    (SIPP Packet)

        SIPP/IPv4 area ----- Translating routers ----- SIPP-only area
             |                                              |
             |                                              |
        SIPP/IPv4 node                                 SIPP-only node


6.4. Routing Decisions

When sending packets, SIPP/IPv4 nodes must decide whether to use
SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling.  Generally speaking, a SIPP/IPv4 node may
encapsulate when the following are true:

   -    It is configured with an IPv4-compatible SIPP address (i.e.
        its own SIPP address has the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1).

   -    The destination or the next hop router is a SIPP node
        represented by an IPv4-compatible SIPP address (i.e. has the
        prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1).

   -    It is attached to a SIPP/IPv4 area.

   -    The destination or the next hop router is attached to the same
        SIPP/IPv4 area.  (Since SIPP/IPv4 areas must provide complete
        IPv4 routing, this implies IPv4 reachability between the two
        nodes.)

The first two items can be determined simply by inspecting the source
and destination SIPP addresses.




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The third item -- whether the node is attached to a SIPP/IPv4 area -- is
not so trivial.  However, since SIPP-only areas hold no IPv4 routers
(even SIPP/IPv4 routers operating in SIPP-only areas are required to
have IPv4 routing disabled) and SIPP/IPv4 areas require IPv4 routing to
all subnets, a SIPP/IPv4 node may safely assume that it is attached to a
SIPP/IPv4 area if it has at least one neighbor IPv4 router.

The fourth item -- whether the destination is attached to the same
SIPP/IPv4 area -- can not be directly determined.  However, because of
the decapsulation algorithm that all translating routers perform, a
SIPP/IPv4 node may safely assume that ALL destinations are within the
same SIPP/IPv4 area.  If this assumption is false, and the destination
actually is located within a SIPP-only area, the translating router at
the border of that area will decapsulate the packet and forward it based
on its SIPP destination address.

In many instances, especially as SIPP/IPv4 routers are being deployed in
a site, a node will have the ability to tunnel to a destination, and
also have a route via an on-subnet SIPP router to that destination. In
some cases, a node may even have a route to a destination via an
off-subnet SIPP router that could be reached by tunneling.  In general,
SIPP/IPv4 nodes should prefer routes via on-subnet SIPP routers.  If a
route via an on-subnet router is not available, they should prefer a
route via an off-subnet router.  Only if no routes via SIPP routers are
available should a SIPP/IPv4 node tunnel directly to the destination.
While this routing policy should be the default, administrators should
have the ability to override it.

Route preference summary:

        Preference      Route
        ----------      -----
        First           Via on-subnet SIPP router
        Second          Via off-subnet SIPP router (tunnel to router)
        Third           Tunnel to destination

This preference ordering provides a number of advantages:

   -    Less overhead because non-encapsulated SIPP packets are smaller
        than SIPP-in-IPv4 packets.

   -    Traffic can take advantage of SIPP routing features such as
        special handling by flow ID.

   -    Ensures that SIPP routing topology will be used as it is
        deployed.





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7. Node Requirements

This section gives an overview of the mechanisms that each of the three
system components -- SIPP/IPv4 nodes, SIPP-only nodes, and translating
routers -- must implement.

7.1. SIPP/IPv4 Nodes

SIPP/IPv4 nodes provide complete implementations of both IPv4 and SIPP.
They must adhere to all SIPP and IPv4 specifications pertinent to their
role as a host or router.

Since SIPP/IPv4 nodes implement both protocols, they can directly
interoperate with both SIPP and IPv4 nodes located on the same attached
subnet.

SIPP/IPv4 nodes must implement the SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling mechanism, and
must be able to determine which destinations can be reached by
encapsulation as outlined in the previous section.

They must implement the IPv4-compatible TCP, UDP, and ICMP pseudo-header
checksum algorithm that is specified in [SIPP].

SIPP/IPv4 routers must have the ability to participate in both SIPP and
IPv4 routing systems.  System administrators must have the ability to
disable IPv4 routing on SIPP/IPv4 routers, because those routers
operating in SIPP-only areas must not route IPv4.

Generally, when SIPP/IPv4 nodes send packets to IPv4-only nodes, they
send those packets in the IPv4 format.  However, if an IPv4 destination
is not located on an attached subnet, and there are no IPv4 routers on
the attached subnet, it must send a SIPP format packet.  This packet
will be translated back to IPv4 form by a translating router before it
is delivered to the destination IPv4 node.

When sending SIPP format packets to IPv4 destinations, it composes the
destination address by prepending the 0:0:0:0:0:0 prefix to the
destination's IPv4 address.

A SIPP/IPv4 node must be configured with an IPv4-compatible SIPP address
with the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1 in order to interoperate with IPv4 nodes.
When sending IPv4 packets to IPv4 nodes, a SIPP/IPv4 node uses the
low-order 32-bits of its own IPv4-compatible SIPP address as the source
address.  When sending SIPP format packets, they must use their full
IPv4-compatible SIPP address as the source.

SIPP/IPv4 nodes should have the ability to be configured with multiple
SIPP addresses per interface.  In particular, a SIPP/IPv4 node should



draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 20]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


have the ability to configure each interface with an IPv4-compatible as
well as an IPv4-incompatible SIPP addresses.

If a SIPP/IPv4 node is configured with no IPv4-compatible SIPP
addresses, it must treat all attempts to send packets to IPv4
destinations as "unreachable".  This is necessary because the node can
provide no valid IPv4 source address in the packets it would send.


7.2. SIPP-only nodes

SIPP-only nodes provide a complete SIPP implementation, but no IPv4
implementation.  They can directly interoperate with other SIPP nodes,
but can not interoperate with IPv4-only nodes only with the assistance
of a translating router.  SIPP-only nodes must implement a few simple
mechanisms in order make interoperability with IPv4 nodes possible.

Like SIPP/IPv4 nodes, they must implement the IPv4-compatible TCP, UDP,
and ICMP pseudo-header checksum algorithm that is specified in [SIPP].

Also like SIPP/IPv4 nodes, SIPP-only nodes must have the ability to send
SIPP format packets to IPv4-only nodes.  However, since SIPP-only nodes
never send IPv4 format packets, the algorithm to do this can be simpler.
When requested to send a packet to an IPv4 destination, a SIPP-only node
can simply pre-pend the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0 to that address, and send a
SIPP format packet to the resulting SIPP address.

SIPP-only nodes must also have the ability to handle "A" records in the
DNS.  Since IPv4-only nodes will only have A records listed in the DNS,
SIPP-only nodes must be able to utilize these records when they are
found in a DNS lookup.  Since there is a one-to-one mapping from the
IPv4 addresses of IPv4-only hosts to their corresponding SIPP address,
SIPP-only hosts can easily transform the IPv4 address of an IPv4-only
host into its SIPP address by pre-pending the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0.

The mapping of IPv4 addresses into SIPP addresses need not affect the
SIPP or transport layer code in a SIPP-only host.  It can usually be
isolated in the DNS resolver or address parsing libraries.

SIPP-only routers participate in only the SIPP routing systems.

Like SIPP/IPv4 nodes, SIPP-only must be configured with IPv4-compatible
SIPP addresses in order to interoperate with IPv4 nodes.  And SIPP-only
nodes should have the ability to configure multiple SIPP addresses per
interface.


7.3. Header Translating Routers



draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 21]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


Header translating routers are SIPP/IPv4 routers which implement the
translation mechanisms discussed in section 5.

Translating routers must be configured to know which packets must be
translated, and which can be simply forwarded without translation.  This
can be done by configuring the translating router to know which SIPP
addresses are located within the SIPP-only area that it serves.
Translating routers use this configuration information, along with the
destination SIPP or IPv4 addresses of packets they receive to determine
which packets to translate.  They must:

  -     Translate SIPP packets addressed to IPv4-only nodes outside the
        SIPP-only area to IPv4

  -     Translate IPv4 packets addressed to nodes within the SIPP-only
        area to SIPP.

  -     Translate IPv4 packets addressed to nodes outside the SIPP-only
        area to SIPP if the resulting packets may transit the SIPP-only
        area.

When translating SIPP packets to IPv4, translating routers use the
low-order 32-bits of the source and destination SIPP addresses to
generate the addresses for the IPv4 packet.

When translating IPv4 packets to SIPP, translating routers pre-pend the
prefix 0:0:0:0:0:0 to the IPv4 source address to generate the source
address for the SIPP packet.  They prepend either the prefix 0:0:0:0:0:1
or 0:0:0:0:0:0 to generate the destination address.  They use the
0:0:0:0:0:1 prefix if the destination is located within, and the prefix
0:0:0:0:0:0 if the destination is located outside, the SIPP-only area
that the translating router serves.



















draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 22]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


8. Upgrade Dependencies

Perhaps the most important issue for those who must carry out the
transition from IPv4 to SIPP is that of upgrade dependencies: Which
transition steps must be performed before other steps can be taken?  SST
is designed so that the prerequisites to installation of SIPP/IPv4 nodes
are minimal, while the steps that must be taken before SIPP-only nodes
may be deployed are more involved.  Essentially the only operation that
must be performed before deploying SIPP/IPv4 nodes is that the DNS
servers must be upgraded to support the SIPP ASEQ record type.

The upgrade dependencies are summarized in the table below:

        |      Transition Step          |       Depends On             |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | DNS upgrade to support        | None                         |
        |  ASEQ records (1)             |                              |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | Upgrade IPv4 host or router   | DNS upgrade to support       |
        |  to SIPP/IPv4                 |  ASEQ records (2)            |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | Deploy new SIPP/IPv4 host or  | DNS upgrade to support       |
        |  router                       |  ASEQ records (2)            |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | Change SIPP/IPv4 area to      | Install Translating router   |
        |  SIPP-only                    |  at border                   |
        |                               | Upgrade all routers within   |
        |                               |  area to SIPP/IPv4           |
        |                               | Disable IPv4 routing inside  |
        |                               |  area.                       |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | Upgrade SIPP/IPv4 host or     | Change area from SIPP/IPv4   |
        |  router to SIPP-only          |  to SIPP-only                |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+
        | Deploy new SIPP-only          | Change area from SIPP/IPv4   |
        |  host or router               |  to SIPP-only                |
        +-------------------------------+------------------------------+

        Notes:
                (1) Strictly speaking, a DNS server being upgraded to
                    support the SIPP ASEQ address record type does not
                    itself need to be upgraded to SIPP.  An IPv4-only
                    DNS server may support ASEQ record types.

                (2) The DNS upgrade is only required if node being
                    upgraded or installed is going to be listed in the
                    DNS.  "Unlisted" nodes do not have this dependency.




draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 23]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


9. Examples

Two SIPP/IPv4 hosts may use SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling to communicate via
an IPv4 infrastructure:

        SIPP/IPv4 Host H1
        (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.1.2)
          |
        --+--------------------------+-- (subnet A)
                                     |
                                (0:0:0:0:0:0:129.144.1.3)
                                IPv4-only Router R1
                                (0:0:0:0:0:0:129.144.2.3)
                                     |
            -------+-----------------+----- (subnet B)
                   |
                 (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4)
                 SIPP/IPv4 Host H2

When H1 sends a packet to H2, the packets that will be transmitted on
subnets A and B are:

                Packet  Dest Addr in            Dest Addr in    Datalink
        Subnet  Type    SIPP Header             IPv4 Header     Next hop
        ------  -----   ----------------------- ------------    --------
        A       Enc.    0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4 129.144.2.4     R1
        B       Enc.    0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4 129.144.2.4     H2

        Note:
                Enc. = SIPP-in-IPv4 encapsulation


If a SIPP/IPv4 router is added to this topology, H1 will have multiple
routes to reach H2.  It could use SIPP-in-IPv4 tunneling, sending the
traffic via R1 or R2, or use the raw SIPP format routing via R2.  Since
SIPP/IPv4 hosts prefer routes via SIPP routers, H1 will use send the
traffic via R2:














draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 24]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


        SIPP/IPv4 Host H1
        (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.1.2)
          |
        --+-----+-------------------------------+-- (subnet A)
                |                               |
        (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.1.4)       (0:0:0:0:0:0:129.144.1.3)
        SIPP/IPv4 Router R2             IPv4-only Router R1
        (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.6)       (0:0:0:0:0:0:129.144.2.3)
                |                               |
            ----+--+----------------------------+----- (subnet B)
                   |
                 (0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4)
                 SIPP/IPv4 Host H2

Now when H1 sends a packet to H2, the packets that will be transmitted
on subnets A and B are:

                Packet  Dest Addr in                    Datalink
        Subnet  Type    SIPP Header                     Next hop
        ------  -----   -----------------------         --------
        A       SIPP    0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4         R2
        B       SIPP    0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.2.4         H2





























draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 25]

INTERNET-DRAFT                SST Overview                     July 1994


10. Author's Address

        Robert E. Gilligan
        Sun Microsystems, Inc.
        2550 Garcia Ave.
        Mailstop UMTV 05-44
        Mountain View, California 94043

        415-336-1012 (voice)
        415-336-6015 (fax)

        Bob.Gilligan@Eng.Sun.COM


11. References

[IPAE]          R. E. Gilligan.  IPAE: The SIPP Interoperability and
                Transition Mechanism. March 1994. Internet Draft.

[SIPP]          S. Deering. Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP)
                Specification. February 1994.  Internet Draft.

[SIPP-ROAD]     S. Deering, P. Francis, R. Govindan.  Simple Internet
                Protocol Plus (SIPP): Routing and Addressing.  February
                1994.  Internet Draft.

[SST-HR]        SIPP Transition Mechanisms for Hosts and Routers.
                Internet Draft to be written.

[SST-TR]        SIPP Transition Mechanisms for Header Translating
                routers.  Internet Draft to be written.

[SST-TP]        SIPP Transition Plan.  Internet Draft to be written.


















draft-ietf-sipp-sst-overview-00.txt                            [Page 26]

From deering@parc.xerox.com Mon Jul 18 19:44:02 1994
Return-Path: deering@parc.xerox.com
Received: from alpha.xerox.com ([13.1.64.93]) by picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil (8.6.8.1/8.6.4) with SMTP id WAA03498 for <ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>; Mon, 18 Jul 1994 22:45:45 -0400
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To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: new SIPP addressing spec
Date: 	Mon, 18 Jul 1994 19:44:02 PDT
Sender: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
From: Steve Deering <deering@parc.xerox.com>
Message-Id: <94Jul18.194408pdt.12171@skylark.parc.xerox.com>

Here's the latest SIPP addressing spec, which is also on its way to
the Internet Drafts directories.  Note that this is an addressing
architecture document only, not routing architecture -- after we
deleted the stuff about extended addressing, we were pretty much
left with conventional hierarchical routing (i.e., what we do now),
plus uses of source routing other than extended addressing (e.g.,
provider-selection, mobility).  However, given the up-in-the-airness
of SIPP-128 source routing and the security concerns with source routing,
we decided not to say anything concrete at this point.  This'll leave
the new working group something to do.  :-)

Steve

-----------






                                                        P. Francis (NTT)
                                                 S. Deering (Xerox PARC)
                                                         R. Hinden (Sun)
                                                  R. Govindan (Bellcore)
                                                               July 1994


     Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP): Addressing Architecture
                 <draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt>


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet Draft.  Internet Drafts are working
   documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
   and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet Drafts).

   Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
   other documents at any time.  It is not appropriate to use Internet
   Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working
   draft" or "work in progress."

   This Internet Draft expires February 1, 1995.

   Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet
   Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other
   Internet Draft.


Changes from Version 01

   This version reflects the change to SIPP to support 128 bit address
   (from 64 bit addresses) and the change made to the SIPP transition
   mechanisms to remove the C-bit [STT].  The following specific changes
   were made:

        o Extended Addresses were removed.

        o The rules for reversing source routes were moved to the main
          SIPP specification.

        o Format prefixes were defined to allocate the SIPP address
          space to specific usage.

        o The description of bindings of addresses to specific
          interfaces was removed.



draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 1]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


1.0 INTRODUCTION

This specification defines the addressing and routing architecture of
Simple Internet Protocol Plus [SIPP].  It includes a detailed
description of the address formats for SIPP.

The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Jim Bound
(Digital), Brian Carpenter (CERN), Bob Gilligan (Sun), Christian Huitema
(INRIA), Erik Nordmark (Sun), and Sue Thomson (Bellcore).



2.0 SIPP ADDRESSING

SIPP addresses are 128-bit identifiers for nodes and sets of nodes.
There are two types of addresses:

    Unicast:   Used to send a packet to a single node.
    Multicast: Used to send a packet to all members of a group of nodes.

There are no broadcast addresses in SIPP, their function being
superseded by multicast addresses.

SIPP continues the IP version 4 model that a subnet is associated with
one link.  SIPP also allow multiple subnets to be assigned to the same
link.


2.1 Text Representation of Addresses

There are three conventional forms for representing SIPP addresses as
text strings:

  1. The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the
     hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.
     Examples:

                FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210

                1080:0:0:8:800:200C:417A

     Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an
     individual field, but there must be at least one numeral in every
     field (except for the case described in 2.).

  2. Due to the method of allocating certain styles of SIPP addresses,
     it will be common for there to be a number of zero bits in the
     middle of the address.  In order to make writing this form easier,



draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 2]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


     a special syntax is available to compress the zeros.  The use of of
     two "::" indicate multiple groups of 16-bits of zeros.  For example
     the multicast address:


                FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43

     would be represented as:

                FF01::43

     The "::" can only appear once in an address.  The "::" can also be
     used to compress the leading zeros in an address.


  3. An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient when dealing
     with a mixed environment of IP and SIPP nodes is
     x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values of
     the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's are
     the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
     address (standard IP representation).  Examples:

                0:0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3

                0:0:0:0:0:0:1:129.144.52.38

     or in compressed form:

                ::13.1.68.3

                ::1:129.144.52.38


2.2 Address Type Representation

The specific type of SIPP address is indicated by the leading bits in
the address.  The variable-length field comprising these leading bits is
called the Format Prefix (FP).  The initial allocation of these prefixes
is as follows:












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     Allocation                         Prefix       Fraction of
                                        (binary)     Address Space
     -------------------------------    --------     -------------
     Reserved **                        00           1/4

     Provider-Based Unicast Address     01           1/4

     Reserved for Geographic Addresses  10           1/4

     Reserved                           110          1/8

     NSAP Allocation                    1110 00      1/64
     Reserved                           1110 01      1/64
     Reserved                           1110 10      1/64
     IPX Allocation                     1110 11      1/64

     Reserved                           1111 0       1/32
     Reserved                           1111 10      1/64
     Reserved                           1111 110     1/128
     Local Use Addresses                1111 1110    1/256
     Multicast Addresses                1111 1111    1/256

This initial allocation supports direct allocation of provider
addresses, NSAP addresses, IPX addresses, local use addresses, and
multicast addresses.  Space is reserved for geographic addresses.  The
remainder of the address space is reserved for future use.  This this
can be for expansion of existing use (e.g. additional provider
addresses, IPX addresses, etc.) or new uses (e.g. separate locators and
EID).


2.3 Unicast Addresses

Unicast addresses are distinguished from multicast addresses by the
value of the high-order octet of the addresses:  a value of FF
(11111111) identifies an address as a multicast address; any other value
identifies an address as a unicast address.

The SIPP unicast address is contiguous bit-wise maskable, similar to IP
addresses under Class-less Interdomain Routing [CIDR].

There are several forms of unicast address assignment in SIPP, including
the global provider hierarchical unicast address, the geographical
hierarchical address, the NSAP hierarchical address, the IPX

_________________________
**  SIPP unicast addresses for IPv4 only nodes are assigned out  of  the
    00 format prefix space.  See section 2.3.8.

draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 4]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


hierarchical address, the cluster address, the local-use address, and
the IP-only host address.  Other addresses types can be defined in the
future.

Different SIPP nodes have greater or lesser knowledge of the internal
structure of the SIPP address, depending on the role the node plays (for
instance, host versus router).  At a minimum, a node may consider that
unicast addresses (including its own) have no internal structure:

 |                           128 bits                              |
 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                          node address                           |
 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+


A slightly sophisticated host (but still rather simple) may additionally
be aware of subnet prefix(es) for the link(s) it is attached to, where
different addresses may have different values for n:

 |                         n bits                    | 128-n bits  |
 +---------------------------------------------------+-------------+
 |                   subnet prefix                   |   node ID   |
 +---------------------------------------------------+-------------+


Still more sophisticated hosts may be aware of other hierarchical
boundaries in the unicast address, primarily in the form of cluster
addresses.  These include but are not limited to subscriber cluster
addresses and provider cluster addresses, and are discussed later.
Though a very simple router may have no knowledge of the internal
structure of SIPP unicast addresses, routers will more generally have
knowledge of one or more of the hierarchical boundaries for the
operation of routing protocols.  The known boundaries will differ from
router to router, depending on what positions the router holds in the
hierarchy.


2.3.1 Unicast Address Examples

One example Unicast address which will likely be common on LANs and
other environments where IEEE 802 MAC addresses are available.  It
format is:









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 |              n bits            |  m bits   |     48 bits        |
 +--------------------------------+-----------+--------------------+
 |        subscriber prefix       | subnet ID |     node ID        |
 +--------------------------------+-----------+--------------------+

Where the 48-bit Node ID is an IEEE-802 MAC address.  The inclusion of a
unique global node identifier, such as an IEEE MAC address makes
possible a very simple form of auto-configuration of addresses.  In
particular, a node may discover a subnet ID by listening to Router
Advertisement messages on its attached link(s), and then fabricating a
SIPP address for itself by using its IEEE MAC address as the node ID on
that subnet.  The details of host auto-configuration are described
elsewhere [AUTO].

Another example is for use on serial PPP links.  Its format is:

 |              n bits            |       126-n bits          |bits|
 +--------------------------------+---------------------------+----+
 |        subscriber prefix       |        subnet ID          |Node|
 |                                |                           | ID |
 +--------------------------------+---------------------------+----+

where the Node ID is two bits long and is used to identify each end of
the link.

The third example is where a site or organization requires additional
layers of local hierarchy.  Its format is:

 |         s bits       | n bits  |   m bits     | 128-s-n-m bits  |
 +----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------------+
 |   subscriber prefix  | area ID |  subnet ID   |     node ID     |
 +----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------------+


2.3.2 Provider-Based Global Hierarchical Unicast Addresses

The global provider-based unicast address is initially assigned as
follows [ADDR]:

  | 2  |  n bits       |      m bits     |   p bits  | 128-n-m-p |
  +----+---------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------+
  | 01 | provider ID   |  subscriber ID  | subnet ID |  node ID  |
  +----+---------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------+

The high-order part of the address is assigned to providers, which then
assign portions of the address space to subscribers, etc.




draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 6]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


The term "provider prefix" refers to the high-order part of the address
up to and including the provider ID.  This is similar to assignment of
IP addresses under the CIDR scheme [CIDR].

The subscriber ID distinguishes among multiple subscribers attached to
the provider identified by the provider ID.  The term "subscriber
prefix" refers to the high-order part of the address up to and including
the subscriber ID.

The subnet ID identifies a specific physical link.  There can be
multiple subnets on the same physical link.  A specific subnet cannot
span multiple physical links.  The term "subnet prefix" refers to the
high-order part of the address up to and including the subnet ID.  The
group of nodes identified by the subnet ID must be attached to the same
link.

The node ID identifies a single node among the group of nodes identified
by the subnet prefix.


2.3.3 NSAP Addresses

This mapping of NSAP address into SIPP addresses was suggested by Brian
Carpenter.

 |   6  |2|  8  |  16   |  24 bits   | 16 bits|  48 bits    |  8   |
 +------+-+-----+-------+------------+--------+-------------+------+
 |110000| | AFI |  IDI  |   Prefix   |  Area  |    ID       | NSEL |
 +------+-+-----+-------+------------+--------+-------------+------+

The AFI will normally be 39 (DCC, digital country code) or 47 (ICD,
international code designator).


2.3.4 Local-use SIPP Unicast Address

Local-use addresses are unicast addresses which are only used within a
specific subscriber site.  Local-use address have the following format:

 |  8     |
 | bits   | n bits  |    m bits     |          p bits              |
 +--------+---------+---------------+------------------------------+
 |11111110|    0    |   subnet ID   |          node ID             |
 +--------+---------+---------------+------------------------------+


Local-use addresses may be used for sites or organizations that are not
(yet) connected to the global Internet.  They do not need to request or



draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 7]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


"steal" an address prefix from the global Internet address space.  A
SIPP local-use addresses can be used instead.  When the organization
connects to the global Internet, it can then form global addresses.


2.3.5 Cluster Addresses

Cluster addresses are unicast addresses that may be used to reach the
"nearest" one (according to unicast routings notion of nearest) of the
set of boundary routers of a cluster of nodes identified by a common
prefix in the SIPP unicast routing hierarchy.  A boundary router of
cluster C has at least one address with prefix C and at least one link
to a node with a prefix other than C.

Cluster addresses have the general form:

 |             n bits              |          128-n bits           |
 +---------------------------------+-------------------------------+
 |         cluster prefix          |0000000000000000000000000000000|
 +---------------------------------+-------------------------------+

For example, to reach the nearest boundary router for the routing domain
identified by provider ID D, a packet may be sent to the following
cluster address:

 | 2  |   m bits     |                 128-m bits                  |
 +----+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
 | 01 | provider = D |000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000|
 +----+--------------+---------------------------------------------+


To reach the nearest boundary router for subscriber S of provider D, a
packet may be sent to the following cluster address:


 | 2  |   m bits     |     n bits     |       128-m-n bits         |
 +----+--------------+----------------+----------------------------+
 | 01 | provider = D | subscriber = S |0000000000000000000000000000|
 +----+--------------+----------------+----------------------------+

To reach the nearest boundary router for subnet T of subscriber S, of
provider D, a packet may be sent to the following cluster address:

 | 2  |   m bits     |     n bits     |  s bits   | 128-m-n-s bits |
 +----+--------------+----------------+-----------+----------------+
 | 01 | provider = D | subscriber = S |subnet = T |0000000000000000|
 +----+--------------+----------------+-----------+----------------+




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Cluster boundary routers are required to know that they are boundary
routers and to accept packets addressed to the corresponding cluster
address as being addressed to themselves.

Cluster addresses are most commonly used as intermediate addresses in a
SIPP Routing Header, to cause a packet to be routed to one or more
specific clusters on the way to its final destination.

The value zero is reserved at each level of the unicast address
hierarchy for use in formulating cluster addresses.

Cluster addresses may not be used as source addresses in SIPP packets.


2.3.6 The Loopback Address

The unicast address FE00:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is called the loopback address.
It may be used by a node to send a SIPP packet to itself.  It may never
be assigned to any interface.

The loopback address may not be used as the source address in SIPP
packets that are sent outside of a single node.


2.3.7 The Unspecified Address

The address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 is called the unspecified address.  It shall
never be assigned to any node.  It may be used anywhere an address
appears, to indicate the absence of an address.  One example of its use
is in the Source Address field of any SIPP packets sent by an
initializing host before it has learned its own address.

The unspecified address may not be used as the destination address of
SIPP packets or in SIPP Routing Headers.


2.3.8 SIPP Addresses for IP-Only Nodes

SIPP unicast addresses are assigned to nodes that only support IPv4 as
part of the Simple SIPP Transition [SST] scheme for transition from IPv4
to SIPP.  The node's 32-bit IPv4 address is carried in the low-order 32
bits of the SIPP address.  SIPP addresses with embedded IPv4 addresses
are also assigned to SIPP nodes that wish to interoperate with IPv4
nodes.  Such addresses are termed "IPv4 compatible" SIPP addresses.  The
high order bits of an IPv4 compatible SIPP address identify whether the
node supports SIPP, or only IPv4.

IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses assigned to nodes that only support IPv4



draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                             [Page 9]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


have the following form:


 |                96 bits                    |      32 bits        |
 +-------------------------------------------+---------------------+
 |0000...................................0000|    IP address       |
 +-------------------------------------------+---------------------+


IPv4-compatible SIPP addresses assigned to nodes that support SIPP have
the following form:


 |                96 bits                    |      32 bits        |
 +-------------------------------------------+---------------------+
 |0000...................................0001|    IP address       |
 +-------------------------------------------+---------------------+



2.4 Multicast Addresses

A SIPP multicast address is an identifier for a group of nodes.  A node
may belong to any number of multicast groups.  Multicast addresses have
the following format:

 |   8    |  4 |  4 |                  112 bits                   |
 +------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
 |11111111|flgs|scop|                  group ID                   |
 +--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+

     11111111 at the start of the address identifies the address as
     being a multicast address.

                                   +-+-+-+-+
     flgs is a set of 4 flags:     |0|0|0|T|
                                   +-+-+-+-+

          The high-order 3 flags are reserved, and must be initialized
          to 0.

          T = 0 indicates a permanently-assigned ("well-known")
          multicast address, assigned by the global internet numbering
          authority.

          T = 1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned ("transient")
          multicast address.




draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                            [Page 10]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


     scop is a 4-bit multicast scope value:

          0  reserved
          1  intra-node scope
          2  intra-link scope
          3  (unassigned)
          4  (unassigned)
          5  intra-site scope
          6  (unassigned)
          7  (unassigned)
          8  intra-organization scope
          9  (unassigned)
          A  (unassigned)
          B  intra-community scope
          C  (unassigned)
          D  (unassigned)
          E  global scope
          F  reserved

     group ID identifies the multicast group, either permanent or
     transient, within the given scope.

The "meaning" of a permanently-assigned multicast address is independent
of the scope value.  For example, if the "NTP servers group" is assigned
a permanent multicast address with a group ID of 43 (hex), then:

     FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers on the same node as the
     sender.

     FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers on the same link as the
     sender.

     FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers at the same site as the
     sender.

     FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers in the internet.


Non-permanently-assigned multicast addresses are meaningful only within
a given scope.  For example, a group identified by the non-permanent,
intra-site multicast address 7F15:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 at one site bears no
relationship to a group using the same address at a different site, nor
to a non-permanent group using the same group ID with different scope,
nor to a permanent group with the same group ID.

Multicast addresses must not be used as source addresses in SIPP packets
or appear in any routing header.




draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                            [Page 11]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


2.4.1 Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses

The following well-known multicast addresses are pre-defined:

  Reserved Multicast Addresses:   FF0s:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

These multicast addresses (with any scope value, s) are reserved, and
shall never be assigned to any multicast group.

  All Nodes Addresses:    FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
                          FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

These multicast addresses identify the group of all SIPP nodes, within
scope 1 (intra-node) or 2 (intra-link).

  All Hosts Addresses:     FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
                           FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2

These multicast addresses identify the group of all SIPP hosts, within
scope 1 (intra-node) or 2 (intra-link).

  All Routers Addresses:   FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:3
                           FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:3

These multicast addresses identify the group of all SIPP routers, within
scope 1 (intra-node) or 2 (intra-link).


2.5 A Node's Required Addresses

A host is required to recognize the following addresses as identifying
itself: its own unicast addresses, the loopback address, the All Nodes
and All Hosts multicast addresses, and the multicast addresses of any
other groups to which the host belongs.

A router is required to recognize the following addresses as identifying
itself: its own unicast addresses, the cluster addresses of all clusters
for which the router is a boundary router, the loopback address, the All
Nodes and All Routers multicast addresses, and any other multicast
addresses to which the router belongs.



3.0 ROUTING ALGORITHMS

SIPP routing algorithms are identical to those used with the CIDR
version of IP, except that the address used is 128 bits rather than 32
(for instance, [OSPF]).



draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                            [Page 12]

INTERNET-DRAFT        SIPP Addressing Architecture             July 1994


REFERENCES

   [CIDR] V. Fuller, T. Li, K. Varadhan, J. Yu, "Supernetting: an
          Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy", RFC 1338.

   [MULT] S. Deering, "Host Extensions for IP multicasting", RFC 1112.

   [SST]  R. Gilligan et al, "Simple SIPP Transition Overview", Internet
          Draft.

   [SIPP] S. Deering, "Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP)
          Specification", Internet Draft.

   [ADDR] P. Francis, "SIPP Address Assignment", Internet Draft in
          preparation.

   [ICMP] R. Govindan and S. Deering, "ICMP and IGMP for the Simple
          Internet Protocol Plus", Internet-Draft in preparation.

   [AUTO] S. Thomson, "Automatic Host Address Assignment in SIPP",
          Internet Draft in preparation.

   [OSPF] P. Francis, "OSPF for SIPP", Internet Draft.





AUTHOR'S ADDRESSES

   Paul Francis, francis@cactus.ntt.jp
   Steve Deering, deering@parc.xerox.com
   Robert Hinden, hinden@eng.sun.com
   Ramesh Govindan, rxg@thumper.bellcore.com

















draft-ietf-sipp-routing-addr-02.txt                            [Page 13]

From smb@research.att.com Tue Jul 19 15:40:34 1994
Return-Path: smb@research.att.com
Received: from research.att.com ([192.20.225.3]) by picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil (8.6.8.1/8.6.4) with SMTP id QAA09405 for <ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>; Tue, 19 Jul 1994 16:16:21 -0400
From: smb@research.att.com
Message-Id: <199407192016.QAA09405@picard.cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
Received: by bigbird.zoo.att.com; Tue Jul 19 15:40:36 EDT 1994
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: IPng and ``Dune''
Date: Tue, 19 Jul 94 15:40:34 EDT

Given the usual demographics of this business, I suspect that many
other members of the directorate have read ``Dune''.  The parallel
to the religion appendix has been haunting me, enough that I excavated
my copy.

	Occasional rumors leaked out the C.E.T. [Commission of Ecumenical
	Translators] sessions....  Such rumors inevitably provoked anti-
	ecumenism riots...

	[The Commissioners said] ``We are producing an instrument of Love
	to be played in all ways.''

	Many consider it odd that this state provoked the worst outbreaks
	of violence....

	For almost seven years, then, C.E.T labored.  And as their seventh
	anniversary approached, they prepared the human universe for a
	momentous announcemnt.  On that seventh anniversary, they unveiled
	the Orange Catholic Bible.

	``Here is a work with dignity and meaning,'' they said.
	...

	There was an odd sense of calm as the presses and shiawire
	imprinters rolled and the O.C. Bible spread out through the
	worlds....

	But even the C.E.T. delegates betrayed the fiction of that calm as
	they returned to their respective congregations.  Eighteen of them
	were lynched within two months.  Fifty-three recanted within the
	year.

	The O.C. Bible was denounced as a work produced by ``the hubris of
	the reason''....  it soon became apparent that the ancient
	superstitions and beliefs had *not* been absorbed by the new
	ecumenism....

	C.E.T. Chairman Toure Bomoko, a Ulema of the Zensunnis and one of
	the fourteen delegates who never recanted (``The Fourteen Sages''
	of popular history), appeared to admit finally that C.E.T. had
	erred.

	``We shouldn't have tried to create new symbols,'' he said.

See y'all in Toronto!

From jallard@microsoft.com Wed Jul 20 09:41:32 1994
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	id AA18838; Wed, 20 Jul 94 09:54:18 -0700
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Received: by netmail2 using fxenixd 1.0 Wed, 20 Jul 94 09:54:18 PDT
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From: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
To: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng-request@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 94 09:41:32 TZ
Subject: Re: John's stake
Cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil

| Sure...   Let's drive that stake right beside the one that says that
| fixed length is definitely a conclusion, and while an escape hatch is
| a possibility, reverting to consideration of fully-variable address
| formats is also "not an option".

i personally don't think that we should attempt to squelch thinking
and researching of v.l. i do agree that we should keep it out of
ipng wg discussions in the name of progress

closing this door is a mistake. if i published a draft tomorrow
detailing how v.l. was faster, easier to administer and offered
the possibility of extending the lifetime of ipng, i would hate to
see such a document "banned" from the ipng process.

on the other hand, an internet draft detailing how we could
address all of the electrons in the universe with 8 bytes
does not interest our efforts.i believe consensus was reached
in this area, whether i agree or not and that it's time to move
on.

the reason v.l. has not been accepted has to do with
fud - fear, uncertainty and doubt. no one really knows
what will happen. while some people think it's not
ecessary, although i've yet to come across someone that
believes that it would be less functional than fixed-16.
fixed-8 clearly falls into the "less functional than fixed-16"
category and therefore can safely be dismissed.

v.l. does not belong to this set, but i agree cannot be
accepted by the community until proof is offered.
it should not distract from our mission to button up
ipng by year end.

is this a fair compromise?
_______________________________________________________________
J. Allard                                 jallard@microsoft.com
Program Manager of TCP/IP Technologies    work: (206)882-8080
Microsoft Corporation                     home: (206)860-8862
  "On the Internet, nobody knows you're running Windows NT"

From jnc@ginger.lcs.mit.edu Wed Jul 20 01:27:23 1994
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	id AA16163; Wed, 20 Jul 94 01:27:23 -0400
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 94 01:27:23 -0400
From: jnc@ginger.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
Message-Id: <9407200527.AA16163@ginger.lcs.mit.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: FYI

For those you what aren't on the WG mailing list...

	Noel

------------

  Date: Tue, 19 Jul 94 16:38:56 -0400
  From: jnc@ginger.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
  To: nimrod-wg@bbn.com
  Subject: Updated Nimrod IPNG Rqmts doc
  Cc: jnc@ginger.lcs.mit.edu, mankin@hsdndev.harvard.edu, sob@harvard.edu
    
I have finally succeeded in finding the time to update the Nimrod IPng
requirements document. There are two main areas of change: i) the
flow-identification bullet has been updated to include the potential
requirement for aggregating flows, and the implications thereof, and ii) and
the endpoint identification bullet has been updated to include the results of
some of the recent discussion on Big-I.

I have put it into I-D form (roughly), and am going to submit it "soon".
So, if you want to comment *before* that happens, do so "soon".

Also, it's still mostly in first-person, since i) I don't have the energy to
change that, and ii) I didn't want to represent this as being an agreed upon
WG view. Some people have reviewed earlier versions (for which I thank them,
particularly the people at BBN who did a great job on early ones), but these
later versions haven't been much reviewed. So.

Anyway, there is is. It's in ipng_req.txt on research.ftp.com, in the Nimrod
repository (pub/nimrod).

	Noel


From jcurran@nic.near.net Wed Jul 20 12:23:08 1994
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Received: from platinum.near.net by nic.near.net id aa24316; 20 Jul 94 12:24 EDT
To: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
cc: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: Worry 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 20 Jul 1994 09:11:06 -0700.
             <9407201611.AA24978@atc.boeing.com> 
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 1994 12:23:08 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407201224.aa24316@nic.near.net>

--------
] From: Eric Fleischman <ericf@atc.boeing.com>
] Subject: Worry
] Date: Wed, 20 Jul 94 09:11:06 -0700
] ...
] In any case, I urge the Area Cochairs to be quite explicit that 128 bit
] addresses are an IPng requirement -- not an option -- and that fixed length
] 64 bit addresses will not be the basis for the IPng WG.  If such a stake
] is not firmly put in the ground "up front", then I fear we will continue
] to be troubled by disharmony and sniping.  It is time for compromise
] and peace and cooperation.  Without such a "stake in the ground", these 
] positive attributes may prove illusive.

Sure...   Let's drive that stake right beside the one that says that 
fixed length is definitely a conclusion, and while an escape hatch is 
a possibility, reverting to consideration of fully-variable address 
formats is also "not an option".

/John

From scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US Wed Jul 20 12:25:11 1994
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          20 Jul 94 12:25 EDT
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Internet on the cover of Time
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 94 12:25:11 -0400
From: Steve Coya <scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
Message-ID:  <9407201225.aa08602@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

For those who haven't seen it, the cover story of Time Magazine is:

	The Strange New World of the Internet

	Battles on the frontiers of cyberspace


There was an FAQ section, one question on connecting to the Internet. I
saw in the answer and thought I'd share it (typed in without anyone's
permission):


	For you to be directly plugged into the Internet and use all
	its services, your computer must have what is inelegantly
	called a TCP/IP connection. To set that up, you would probably
	need the help of a professional - or better still, a teenager
	with a high-speed modem.


Does SIPP-16 refer to 16 year olds?  Did we include teenagers as
part of the IPng solution?  :-)


Steve

(Yes, he IS cracking under the pressure of the Toronto IETF meeting)

From jcurran@nic.near.net Wed Jul 20 13:11:30 1994
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To: "James 'J' Allard" <jallard@microsoft.com>
cc: ericf@atc.boeing.com, ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Re: John's stake 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 20 Jul 1994 09:41:32 +0700.
             <9407201654.AA18838@netmail2.microsoft.com> 
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 1994 13:11:30 -0400
From: John Curran <jcurran@nic.near.net>
Message-ID:  <9407201312.aa29696@nic.near.net>

--------
] From: James 'J' Allard <jallard@microsoft.com>
] Subject: Re: John's stake
] Date: Wed, 20 Jul 94 09:41:32 TZ
]
] | Sure...   Let's drive that stake right beside the one that says that
] | fixed length is definitely a conclusion, and while an escape hatch is
] | a possibility, reverting to consideration of fully-variable address
] | formats is also "not an option".
] 
] i personally don't think that we should attempt to squelch thinking
] and researching of v.l. i do agree that we should keep it out of
] ipng wg discussions in the name of progress
] 
] closing this door is a mistake. if i published a draft tomorrow
] detailing how v.l. was faster, easier to administer and offered
] the possibility of extending the lifetime of ipng, i would hate to
] see such a document "banned" from the ipng process.
] 
] on the other hand, an internet draft detailing how we could
] address all of the electrons in the universe with 8 bytes
] does not interest our efforts.i believe consensus was reached
] in this area, whether i agree or not and that it's time to move
] on.

Jay,
 
Personally, I think we're mistaken in not adopting v.l., 
but I recognize the IETF political factors that make
fixed length a requirement.

] the reason v.l. has not been accepted has to do with
] fud - fear, uncertainty and doubt. no one really knows
] what will happen. while some people think it's not
] ecessary, although i've yet to come across someone that
] believes that it would be less functional than fixed-16.

Some folks would claim that fixed-8 and -16 are functionally similiar,
and that it is fear, uncertainty, and doubt drives fixed-16.

They'd be right (at least in my case), since I'm terrified of 
the possibility of having to go through an Internet-wide
transition _twice_, particularly if we fail to fix some serious
faults (such as network addresses in p-header checksum) the
first time around.

] v.l. does not belong to this set, but i agree cannot be
] accepted by the community until proof is offered.
] it should not distract from our mission to button up
] ipng by year end.
] 
] is this a fair compromise?

It's a fair compromise...  I'm basically seeking parity in the 
the handling of our findings lest our findings unravel before
our eyes.

/John

From brian@dxcoms.cern.ch Thu Jul 21 08:44:13 1994
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From: brian@dxcoms.cern.ch (Brian Carpenter   CERN-CN)
Message-Id: <9407210644.AA08210@dxcoms.cern.ch>
Subject: Resistance to change
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Date: Thu, 21 Jul 1994 08:44:13 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: Brian.Carpenter@cern.ch
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Reading a recent posting on big-i in response
to one of mine, I was strongly reminded of this
which I got from a management course a few years
ago:

"Twelve good ways to resist change
 
1. We tried it in 1982
2. That is ridiculous
3. That is too radical
4. Let's set up a committee
5. That is against our policy
6. We have never done that before
7. It won't work
8. That's too obvious to be serious
9. That's superficial
10. We don't have time/manpower/money
11. Where's the profit?
12. That's not what we expect from you!"

   Brian

From sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu Thu Jul 21 20:35:37 1994
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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 94 20:35:37 -0400
From: sob@hsdndev.harvard.edu (Scott Bradner)
Message-Id: <9407220035.AA10588@hsdndev.harvard.edu>
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: Novell registry info


I think it would be a good idea to put a pointer to the Novell registry
in as an adendem to any address/addressing document that mentions IPX
mapping since we want to mention that this is only good for globally
unique IPX addresses & this is the way to get them.  (This comes
from a suggestion from Jay Israel of Novell, but we should have thought of 
it since we talked about the registry when we talked about mapping IPX addresses)

Scott

>From Jay_Israel@Novell.COM Thu Jul 21 19:53:44 1994
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 sjf-mail-corp.novell
To: sob%harvard.edu@sjf-dhub.sjf.novell.com
Message-Id: <80C62E2E015C0100@-SMF->
Subject: Novell Network Registry
From: Jay_Israel@Novell.COM (Israel, Jay)
Date: 21 Jul 94 15:03:19 EDT
References: <80C62E2E025C0100@-SMF->
Status: R

Here is the contact information for the Novell Network Registry:

*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************
Novell Network Registry         phone:  (408) 577-7506
Novell, Inc., M/S F5-82-2       fax:    (408) 577-5447
2275 Trade Zone Blvd.           Internet e-mail:  registry@novell.com
San Jose, CA  95131             MHS NHUB e-mail:  registry@novell
U.S.A.                          CompuServe email: registry@novell
*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************





Jay.

aka: Jay E. Israel                    phone: (408) 577-8478
     Novell, Inc., M/S F6-91-2        email: jay
     2275 Trade Zone Blvd.         internet: jay@novell.com
     San Jose, CA 95131                 fax: (408) 577-5520


From scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US Fri Jul 22 10:28:15 1994
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          22 Jul 94 10:28 EDT
To: ipng@cmf.nrl.navy.mil
Subject: DRAFT minutes from July 11 Telechat
Date: Fri, 22 Jul 94 10:28:15 -0400
From: Steve Coya <scoya@CNRI.Reston.VA.US>
Message-ID:  <9407221028.aa08398@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US>

	DRAFT * DRAFT * DRAFT * DRAFT *  DRAFT * DRAFT * DRAFT * DRAFT *

		    IPNG Directorate Teleconference
			    July 11, 1994

	 Reported by:  Steve Coya

This report contains IPNG Directorate meeting notes. These minutes were
compiled by the IETF Secretariat which is supported by the National
Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR 8820945.

ATTENDEES
---------

Scott Bradner / Harvard
Allison Mankin / NRL

Steve Bellovin / AT&T
Ross Callon / Wellfleet
Brian Carpenter / CERN
Dave Clark / MIT
Jon Crowcroft / UCL
Steve Deering / Xerox PARC
Dino Farinacci / Cisco
Eric Fleischman / Boeing
Frank Kastenholz / FTP
Mark Knopper / Ameritech
Greg Minshall / Novell
Lixia Zhang / Xerox PARC

Regrets
-------
J Allard / Microsoft
Jim Bound / DEC
John Curran / NEARnet
Paul Francis / NTT
Craig Partridge / BBN
Rob Ullmann / Lotus


1. After a number of attempts, the teleconference scheduled for 11:30
   commenced at 11:55. The next meeting, July 18, will focus on the
   IPNG presentation to be made by Allison and Scott at the Toronto
   IETF meeting on Monday morning.

2. It was asserted that no recommendation should be made while the
   format of the IP address was still being discussed, and that holding
   a BOF on the fixed vs variable address format would not be
   beneficial. Comments were solicited from the other directorate
   members.

3. Steve Deering and Dave Clark were asked to review this topic and
   recommend if a meeting is needed to focus on the shape of
   addresses.  Allison and Scott will incorporate into the preview they
   plan to send to the IESG.

   Is an addressing "last call" to be done as a bof (with other wgs
   meeting) or in a plenary environment?  Many thought it needed to be
   done earlier in the week, precluding using a plenary session. Mark
   offered up a TUBA slot as it would facilitate his efforts to prepare
   a TUBA agenda for Toronto.

4. The TACIT WG chairs are supposed to be working on a revision to the
   WG charter. There is also a need to start up an auto-configuration WG.

5. There were questions and discussions about the life of the IPNG area
   and the Directorate. Scott reported that he believes both should
   continue to live, at least until the appropriate documents appear on
   the standards track, and probably for another 6-12 months.

6. Allison reviewed comments received from Steve Crocker and Jeff
   Schiller. There is a need to identify specific efforts to be
   undetaken to establish an IPng Security Framework.

7. There was some discussion on the IPng Architect position. Most of
   the concerns voiced so far do not seem to be with the description or
   the proposed candidate, but with the use of the term Architect on
   the position title.

